Sardinops: Difference between revisions

|image_alt image =A swimmingJapan schoolfish, ofSouth American pilchard (Sardinops sagax) (15579000828).jpg

'''''Sardinops''''' is a [[monotypic]] [[genus]] of [[sardine]]s of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[ClupeidaeAlosidae]]. The only member of the genus is '''''Sardinops sagax'''''. It is found in the [[Indo-Pacific]] and East Pacific oceans. Its length is up to {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}}. It has numerous common or vernacular names, some of which more appropriately refer to subspecies, including '''blue pilchard''', '''Australian pilchard''' (''S. s. neopilchardus''), '''blue-bait''', '''Californian pilchard''' (''S. s. caeruleus''), [[Peruvian Pacific sardine]] (''S. s. sagax''), '''South American pilchard''', '''Chilean sardine''' (''S. s. sagax''), '''Japanese pilchard''' (''S. s. melanostictus''), '''Pacific sardine''', and '''Southern African pilchard''' (''S. s. ocellatus'').

The South Australian sardine fishery targets ''Sardinops sagax'' and is the highest yielding single species fishery in Australia by volume.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://figshare.utas.edu.au/articles/report/Stock_assessment_of_Australian_Sardine_Sardinops_sagax_off_South_Australia_2019/23171060/1 |title=Stock assessment of Australian Sardine (Sardinops sagax) off South Australia 2019 |last1=Ward |first1=Timothy |last2=Smart |first2=J. |date=2020-01-01 |publisher=University Of Tasmania |language=en |last3=Grammer |first3=G. |last4=Ivey |first4=A. |last5=McGarvey |first5=R.}}</ref> The fishery employs the technique of [[purse seining]], which contributes to the sardines' status as sustainable.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Sardine 2020 |url=https://fish.gov.au/report/311-Australian-Sardine-2020 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=fish.gov.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=Tim M. |last2=Wolfe |first2=Barrett W. |last3=Grammer |first3=Gretchen L. |last4=Ivey |first4=Alex R. |last5=King |first5=Edward |last6=Schiller |first6=Andreas |last7=McDonald |first7=Karlie S. |last8=Dambacher |first8=Jeffrey M. |date=2023-09-01 |title=Large sardine resource discovered off south-eastern Australia: Potential risks, challenges and benefits of establishing a new fishery |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X23002725 |journal=Marine Policy |volume=155 |pages=105739 |doi=10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105739 |bibcode=2023MarPo.15505739W |issn=0308-597X}}</ref> Schools of sardines are encircled by a net up to 1 kilometre in length which is then drawn closed at the bottom. The catch is then pumped on board the fishing vessel where it is stored in refrigerated holds at below freezing temperatures. 94% of the catch is used as feed in [[Southern bluefin tuna]] ranching operations off [[Port Lincoln]], South Australia.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://figshare.utas.edu.au/articles/report/Stock_assessment_of_Australian_Sardine_Sardinops_sagax_off_South_Australia_2019/23171060/1 |title=Stock assessment of Australian Sardine (Sardinops sagax) off South Australia 2019 |last1=Ward |first1=Timothy |last2=Smart |first2=J. |date=2020-01-01 |publisher=University Of Tasmania |language=en |last3=Grammer |first3=G. |last4=Ivey |first4=A. |last5=McGarvey |first5=R.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=Tim M. |last2=Wolfe |first2=Barrett W. |last3=Grammer |first3=Gretchen L. |last4=Ivey |first4=Alex R. |last5=King |first5=Edward |last6=Schiller |first6=Andreas |last7=McDonald |first7=Karlie S. |last8=Dambacher |first8=Jeffrey M. |date=2023-09-01 |title=Large sardine resource discovered off south-eastern Australia: Potential risks, challenges and benefits of establishing a new fishery |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X23002725 |journal=Marine Policy |volume=155 |pages=105739 |doi=10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105739 |bibcode=2023MarPo.15505739W |issn=0308-597X}}</ref> The remaining 6% of the catch serves human consumption, recreational [[fishing bait]] and premium [[pet food]] markets.<ref name=":2" />

<gallery mode="packed">

Sardine photo4 exp.jpg|Pacific sardines are blue-green on the back and have white flanks with 1one to 3three lengthwise rows of dark spots.

<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/3b98869d-2cdd-4add-94e4-f72ea7e5ad9b/files/sa-pilchard-submission.pdf|title=Ecological Assessment of South Australian Pilchard Fishery|last=|first=|publisher=Primary Industries and Resources South Australia (PIRSA)|year=2004|isbn=|location=South Australia|pages=23–24|quote=|via=}}</ref>

<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-26/sardine-catch-increase-for-south-australia/5919496|title = Catch increase for South Australian sardine fishers|last = Neindorf|first = Brooke|date = 2014-11-26|work = Rural|access-date = 2015-04-26|via = |publisher = ABC}}</ref>

<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://www.sasardines.com.au/sardines/|title = Sardines|date = |accessdate = 2015-04-26|website = South Australian Sardine Industry Association|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>}}

{{refbeginRefbegin}}

* {{FishBase species |genus = Sardinops |species = sagax | month = May | year = 2006}}

* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Ayling|first1=Tony|last2=Cox|first2=Geoffrey J. |title=Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AykMAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Collins|isbn=978-0-00-216987-5}}

{{refendRefend}}

[[Category:ClupeidaeAlosinae]]

[[Category:CommercialWestern fishAmerican coastal fauna]]

[[Category:FishMarine offish theof PacificSouthern OceanAfrica]]

[[Category:Fish of South AmericaMadagascar]]

[[Category:FishMarine fish of the Western UnitedNew StatesZealand]]

[[Category:WesternFish Northof AmericanEast coastal faunaAsia]]

[[Category:WesternMarine Southfish Americanof coastal faunaAustralia]]

[[Category:Fish of AustraliaOceania]]

[[Category:FishCommercial of Koreafish]]

[[Category:FishTaxa ofnamed Japanby Leonard Jenyns]]