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In 1990, Icke visited a [[psychic]] who told him he was on Earth for a purpose and would receive messages from the spirit world.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Icke|first=David|title=The Truth Vibrations|year=1991|pages=15–18}}</ref> This led him to claim in 1991 to be a "Son of the Godhead"<ref name="stuff" /> and that the world would soon be devastated by tidal waves and earthquakes. He repeated this on the BBC show ''[[Wogan]]''.{{sfn|Icke|1993|pp=192–194}}<ref name="them-adventures-with-extremists-p152">{{Cite book |last=Ronson |first=Jon |author-link=Jon Ronson |title=Them: Adventures with Extremists |publisher=Picador |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVJPQ2-aieMC&q=Wogan&pg=PA152 |pages=152–154 |date=2001|isbn=9780743227070 }}</ref> His appearance led to public ridicule.<ref name="new-statesman-interview">{{Cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Paul |title=Interview: David Icke |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/life-and-society/2008/03/icke-world-conspiracy |website=New Statesman |date=3 March 2008 |publisher=NS Media Group |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> Books Icke wrote over the next 11 years developed his world view of a [[New Age]] conspiracy.{{sfn |Barkun |2003 |p=103}} Reactions to his endorsement of an [[antisemitic]] fabrication, ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', in ''The Robots' Rebellion'' (1994) and in ''And the Truth Shall Set You Free'' (1995) led his then publisher to decline further books, and he has self-published since then.<ref name="PRA" />
Icke contends that the universe consists of "vibrational" energy and infinite dimensions sharing the same space.<ref name="WardNH" /><ref name="Doyle17Feb2006" />{{sfn|Icke|1999|pp=26–27}} He claims that there is an inter-dimensional race of reptilian beings, the [[Archon (Gnosticism)|Archons]] or [[Anunnaki]], which have hijacked the Earth. Further, a genetically modified human–Archon hybrid race of [[reptilian conspiracy theory|reptilian]] [[Shapeshifting|shape-shifters]] – the [[#reptoid|Babylonian Brotherhood]], [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)#Illuminati|Illuminati]] or "[[elite]]" – manipulate events to keep humans in fear, so that the Archons can feed off the resulting "[[Energy (esotericism)|negative energy]]".<ref name="WardNH" />{{sfn |Lewis |Kahn |2010 |p=82}}{{sfn |Icke |1999 |pp=19–25, 40}}<ref name="NS2014">{{Cite news |last=Lynskey |first=Dorian |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2014/11/psycho-lizards-saturn-godlike-genius-david-icke |title=Psycho lizards from Saturn: The godlike genius of David Icke! |work=New Statesman |date=6 November 2014 |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> He claims that many public figures belong to the Babylonian Brotherhood and propel humanity towards a global [[fascist]] state or [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]], a [[post-truth]] era ending freedom of speech.{{sfn |Barkun |2003 |p=103}}<ref name="WardNH" /><ref name="Neil20May2016" /><ref name="LEPredpilled">{{Cite web |last=Widdas |first=Henry |title=Being 'red-pilled' by David Icke has never been so entertaining... and terrifying |url=https://www.lep.co.uk/whats-on/theatre/being-red-pilled-by-david-icke-has-never-been-so-entertaining-and-terrifying-1-9120860 |website=[[Lancashire Evening Post]] |access-date=15 June 2018 |date=17 April 2018}}</ref> He sees the only way to defeat such "Archontic" influence is for people to wake up to the truth and fill their hearts with love.<ref name="WardNH" /> Critics have accused Icke of being antisemitic and a [[Holocaust denier]], due to his endorsement of ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'' as well as his identification of the Jewish [[Rothschild family]] as reptilians, with his theories of reptilians
==Early life and education==
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==Reception==
Interest in Icke's conspiracy theories is widespread and has cut across political, economic, and religious divides. His audiences hold a wide range of beliefs, uniting individuals, and left and right wing groups; from [[New Age]]rs, and [[Ufologists]],{{sfn|Lewis|Kahn|2010|p=75}}{{sfn|Barkun|2003|p=106}} as well as the far-right [[Christian Patriot movement]]
===Antisemitism===
{{Blockquote|There is a strong strain of anti-Semitic conspiracy theorizing that makes ufological connections, including especially the work of [[Milton William Cooper]] (1991) and David Icke (e.g., 1997). Both are controversial but still well known in both right-wing conspiracist and ufological subcultures.
|source = Christopher F. Roth, ''Ufology as Anthropology: Race, Extraterrestrials, and the Occult''<ref name="Battaglia2005">{{Cite book |first=Debbora |last=Battaglia |title=E.T. culture: anthropology in outerspaces |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojl-AAAAMAAJ |year=2005 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-3632-7}}</ref>}}
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===Other responses===
[[Political Research Associates]] has described Icke's politics as "a mishmash of most of the dominant themes of contemporary neofascism, mixed in with a smattering of topics culled from the U.S. militia movement." He opposes [[gun control]], and claims that many [[mass shooting]]s were orchestrated to increase public opposition to guns. He believes the U.S. government carried out the [[Oklahoma City bombing]].<ref name="PRA" /> He endorses or recommends [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] and [[Far-right politics|far-right]] publications such as ''[[The Spotlight|Spotlight]]'' and ''On Target'', the magazine of the [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] group the "[[British League of Rights]]", and has been closely associated with antisemitic "[[New Age]]" periodicals such as ''[[Nexus (Australian magazine)|Nexus]]'' and ''Rainbow Ark'', a "New Age" magazine which is financed by far-right activists and affiliated with the [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] [[National Front (UK)|National Front]].<ref name="from-green-messiah-to-new-age-nazi" /><ref name="sourcewatch-rainbow-ark">{{Cite web |title=Rainbow Ark magazine |url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rainbow_Ark_magazine |publisher=[[Center for Media and Democracy]] |access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> The neo-Nazi terrorist group Combat 18 promoted Icke's public speaking events in its internal journal ''Putsch''; of one such event, the journal wrote approvingly:{{blockquote|[Icke] spoke of "the sheep" and how the [[Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory|Zionist-operated government]], sorry, "[[Illuminati]]", uses them for its own ends. He began to talk about the big conspiracy by a group of bankers, media moguls, etc. – always being clever enough not to mention what all these had in common.<ref name="PRA"/>}}
[[Michael Barkun]] has described Icke's position as New Age [[conspiracism]], writing that Icke is the most fluent of the genre,{{sfn |Barkun |2003 |pp=98, 103ff, 163}} describing his work as "improvisational [[millennialism]]", with an end-of-history scenario involving a final battle between good and evil. Barkun defines improvisational millennialism as an "act of [[bricolage]]": because everything is connected in the conspiracist world view, every source can be mined for links.{{sfn |Barkun |2003 |pp=10–11, 107–108, 184}} Barkun argues that Icke has actively tried to cultivate the [[Radical right (United States)|radical right]]: "There is no fuller explication of [their] beliefs about ruling elites than Icke's." He also notes that Icke regards [[Christian Patriot movement|Christian patriots]] as the only [[Americans]] who understand the "[[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]]".{{sfn |Barkun |2003 |pp=106–108}} In 1996 Icke spoke to a conference in [[Reno, Nevada]], alongside opponents of the [[Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act]], including Kirk Lyons, a lawyer who has represented the [[Ku Klux Klan]].{{sfn |Barkun |2003 |p=106}} Icke has never been a member of any right-wing group, and he has criticised them.{{sfn |Robertson |2016 |pp=150–151}}
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