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The [[coat of arms]] of Kuopio was designed in 1823 based on a drawing by the town councilor Karl Hårdh<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.genealogia.fi/genos/55/55_105.htm | title = Karl Mikael Hårdh | work = Genos | publisher = Suomen sukututkimusseura | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070809094555/http://www.genealogia.fi/genos/55/55_105.htm | access-date = 26 March 2021 | archive-date = 9 August 2007 | language = fi }}</ref> or possibly his artist son, Adolf Hårdh.<ref name="jt">{{cite magazine | author = Professor Jussi T. Lappalainen | title = ''Vanhassa vara parempi?'' | magazine = Savon Sanomat | date = 23 December 2009 | page = 2 | language = fi }}</ref> The coat of arms was approved for use in 1823 by the Kuopio Magistrate in accordance with the order of [[Alexander I of Russia]].<ref>Бойко Дм. А. Геральдика Великого Княжества Финляндского. – Запорожье, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kuopio.fi/net.nsf/TD/200104141631461?OpenDocument | title = Kuopion vaakuna | publisher = City of Kuopio | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071119044550/http://www.kuopio.fi/net.nsf/TD/200104141631461?OpenDocument | access-date = 26 March 2021 | archive-date = 19 November 2007 | language = fi }}</ref> The coat of arms building, which represents [[Kuopio Cathedral]], has often been mistakenly considered to be [[Kuopio City Hall]], completed in 1886.<ref name="jt" />
 
The current design of the coat of arms is the work of architect Seppo Ruotsalainen.<ref name="jt "/> The coat of arms in its current form was approved at a meeting of Kuopio City Council on 25 November 1957, and the [[Ministry of the Interior (Finland)|Ministry of the Interior]] confirmed the coat of arms and its explanation on 12 June 1958.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ennen 8.4.1949 annettua kunnanvaakunalakia vahvistetut vaakunat ja vahvistamispäätökset I:10 Kuopio| url = http://digi.narc.fi/digi/fullpic.ka?kuid=1536948 | work = Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto | access-date = 26 March 2021 | language = fi }}</ref>
 
== History ==
{{Expand section|date=November 2011}}
In the 1550s, under the influence of [[Mikael Agricola]], a church and a parish were founded in Kuopionniemi. Governor [[PeterPer Brahe the Younger]] founded the city of Kuopio in 1653, but the official date is recognized as 17 November 1775, when King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] ordered the formal establishment of the city.<ref name="BriefHistory">{{cite web |url= https://www.kuopio.fi/web/information-about-kuopio/history-and-basic-data |title= History and basic data |website= Kuopio in Brief |access-date= 2 November 2016 |publisher= City of Kuopio |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161104050751/https://www.kuopio.fi/web/information-about-kuopio/history-and-basic-data |archive-date= 4 November 2016 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
 
The [[Grand Duchy of Finland|period of Russian rule]] (1809–1917) brought notable transportation development within Eastern Finland. The [[Saimaa Canal]] (1856) opened up a summer route towards the Baltic Sea, and the [[Savonia railway]] (1889) improved transport in winter.<ref name="BriefHistory"/>
[[File:Kuopion asema.jpg|thumb|left|Kuopio's old railway station building and passengers in 1910.]]
 
After [[World War II]], the city's population grew significantly, due in part to the settlement of [[Karelians|Karelian evacuees]] and the high birth rate. The rapid growth of the population forced the expansion of schools; at the end of the 1940s, support was also provided for [[school transport]]s<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.koulut.kuopio.fi/Koulu125/1947/ELA1947.HTM |title=Kaupungin elämää 1947 |access-date=12 June 2020 |archive-date=27 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227145707/http://www.koulut.kuopio.fi/Koulu125/1947/ELA1947.HTM |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the provision of free [[school meal]]s (the poor people had received it in Kuopio since 1902).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.koulut.kuopio.fi/Koulu125/1872/ka1872.htm |title=Koulun arkea 1872 |access-date=12 June 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807202537/http://koulut.kuopio.fi/koulu125/1872/ka1872.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The large number of young people and the lack of activities for youths also gave rise to outbreaks of violence in the city, such as the Kuopio Market Riot in September 1965 which was a spontaneous event instigated by two young men; 30 young people were fined for rioting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2010/04/22/torimellakka-kuopiossa-1965|title=Torimellakka Kuopiossa 1965|website=Yle.fi|date=22 April 2010 |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.savonsanomat.fi/paikalliset/3225378|title=Erikoislehti kertoo: Miksi nuoriso riehui Kuopion torilla?|date=13 January 2015|website=Savonsanomat.fi|access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref> In the 1960s, the first construction of the actual suburb, [[Puijonlaakso]], began. Since then, the new areas have each grown in turn: in the 1960s, Puijonlaakso and Tiihotar (as part of Saarijärvi); In the 1970s Saarijärvi, Kelloniemi and Levänen; In the 1980s, Jynkkä and Neulamäki.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
 
The municipality of [[Maaninka]] joined the city of Kuopio in 2015, the town of [[Nilsiä]] in 2013, and [[Karttula]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Karttula sulautuu Kuopioon" & "Karttula ja Kuopio yhteen | work= Myöhänen, Pentti & Manner, Matias & Hartikainen, Jarno; Savon Sanomat | pages = 1 and 3 |date = 1 July 2008 }}</ref> in 2011, as did [[Vehmersalmi]] in 2005, [[Riistavesi]] in 1973, and [[Kuopion maalaiskunta]] in 1969.<ref name="BriefHistory"/>
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[[Kuopio Market Square]] is the undisputed center of the city<ref name="helsinki-times"/> and the city center follows a densely built grid pattern with several parks and narrow gutter streets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/kuopion_rannikaduista_tehdaan_nykyaikaa_mennytta_kunnioittaen/5892052|title=Kuopion rännikaduista tehdään nykyaikaa mennyttä kunnioittaen|date=2 October 2009|website=Yle.fi|access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref> The environment of the city is quite distinctive; the surface shapes of the waterfront-lined center are so variable that a flat property is a desired rarity.<ref name="asunto">Kuopion kaupungin tekninen virasto: Kuopio 2009 suunnittelee ja rakentaa (2009)</ref> The settlement has spread outside the center of Kuopio according to a dense and sparse finger model that is affordable for [[public transport]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siseministeerium.ee/public/kuopion_1.pdf|title=Kuopion Saaristokaupunki – kasvusuuntana täydennysrakentaminen|website=Siseministeerium.ee|access-date=3 June 2020|archive-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720131020/http://www.siseministeerium.ee/public/kuopion_1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the new districts have been built in a municipal drive at once; for example, the Saaristokaupunki was banned for building for the previous 25 years,<ref name="kaavo">[http://lehti.kuntatekniikka.fi/download/?f=157379&m=33768&a=82320&c=4941&x=0] {{dead link|date=June 2022}}</ref> and this Kuopio zoning tradition has a long history.<ref name="kaavo"/> Due to the above-mentioned factors, the [[population density]] of the Kuopio city center is the highest in Finland.<ref>Leo Kosonen: Kuopio 2015: Jalankulku-, joukkoliikenne- ja autokaupunki. Ympäristöministeriö, 2007. {{ISBN|978-952-11-2852-3}}</ref>
 
With the surrounding lakes, the [[shoreline]] in Kuopio is 4,760 kilometers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kuopio.fi/web/kaupunkitietoa/kuopio-esittely|title=Kuopio-esittely - Kuopion kaupunki|date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107212847/https://www.kuopio.fi/web/kaupunkitietoa/kuopio-esittely |access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=7 January 2015 }}</ref> The terrain is also characterized by rich forests, and the clear center of the Kuopio's lund forest is mainly located in the area between Kuopio, [[Nilsiä]] and [[Siilinjärvi]].<ref>{{cite book | title= Pohjois-Savon metsä- ja ympäristökertomus 2007 | year= 2008| page= 9| publisher= Metsäkeskus| language= fi }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.savonsanomat.fi/mielipide/mielipidekirjoitukset/l%C3%A4hes-kaikki-kuopion-lehtotyypit-luokiteltiin-uhanalaisiksi/146257| title= Lähes kaikki Kuopion lehtotyypit luokiteltiin uhanalaisiksi| last= Ihantola| first= Anna-Riikka| work= Savon Sanomat| date= 15 June 2008| access-date= 17 January 2021| language= fi}}{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Of the Finnish municipalities, Kuopio has the second largest number of [[summer cottage]]s and [[holiday home]]s. In 2013, the number of summer cottages was 8,684. The number of summer homes in Kuopio has increased in recent years due to municipal associations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kuopio.fi/web/kaupunkitietoa/asuminen |title=Asuminen - Kuopion kaupunki |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=6 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106064344/https://www.kuopio.fi/web/kaupunkitietoa/asuminen |url-status=dead }}</ref> Due to the abundance of water bodies, Kuopio also has a remarkably favorable climate compared to the latitude. The annual sum of the effective temperature is about as high in Kuopio as in places further south than it, for example, [[Tampere]] and [[Lahti]].<ref>Spectrum tietokeskus (1978), p. 185 (in Finnish)</ref>
 
=== Subdivisions ===
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|
}}
The city of Kuopio has {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Kuopio }}}} inhabitants, making it the {{ordinal|{{Data Finland municipality/population count sequence|Kuopio}}}} most populous municipality in Finland. The [[Kuopio sub-region|region of Kuopio]] is the 7th largest in Finland, after the regions of [[Helsinki metropolitan area|Helsinki]], [[Tampere metropolitan area|Tampere]], [[Turku metropolitan area|Turku]], [[Oulu sub-region|Oulu]], [[Jyväskylä sub-region|Jyväskylä]] and [[Lahti sub-region|Lahti]]. Kuopio is home to 2% of Finland's population. 5.8% of the population has a foreign background, which is below the national average.<ref name="Statstatistics-finland-population-38,0002023-personsfinal">{{Citecite web | url= https://stat.fi/en/publication/cl8lprraorrr20dut5a0tywm5cln1i2dtgwknt0cut9yem67se | title=Number ofPopulation foreign-languagegrowth speakersbiggest grew byin nearly 38,00070 years persons | date=31 May 20232024-04-26 |series= Population structure |publisher= Statistics Finland |issn= access1797-date=125395 September 2023 | languageaccess-date=en2024-04-29 }}</ref>
 
{{Bar chart
| title = Population size of Kuopio (and merged municipalities) 1980–2020<ref name="Stat-finland-population-38,000-persons">{{Cite web | url=https://stat.fi/en/publication/cl8lprraorrr20dut5a0tywm5 | title=Number of foreign-language speakers grew by nearly 38,000 persons | date=31 May 2023 | publisher=Statistics Finland | access-date=12 September 2023 | language=en }}</ref>
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Population
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{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Population by mother tongue (20222023)<ref name="Statstatistics-finland-population-38,0002023-personsfinal">{{cite web |url= https://stat.fi/en/publication/cln1i2dtgwknt0cut9yem67se |title= Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years |date= 2024-04-26 |series= Population structure |publisher= Statistics Finland |issn= 1797-5395 |access-date=2024-04-29 }}</ref>
|label1 = Finnish
|value1 = 9594.02
|color1 = #002F6C
|label2 = Russian
|value2 = 1.34
|color2 = #D52B1E
|label3 = Arabic
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|color3 = #165D31
|label4 = English
|value4 = 0.34
|color4 = #FFFFFF
|label5 = EstonianUkrainian
|value5 = 0.23
|color5 = #0072CEFFD800
|label6 = ThaiEstonian
|value6 = 0.2
|color6 = #A519310072CE
|label7 = Farsi
|value7 = 0.12
|color7 = #239F40
|label8 = Other
|value8 = 2.37
|color8 = #C5C5C5
}}
Kuopio is the fourth largest monolingual [[Finnish language|Finnish-speaking]] municipality in Finland after Tampere, Oulu and Jyväskylä. The majority of the population - {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish|Kuopio}} }} people or {{Percentage|sigfig = 3|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish|Kuopio}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Kuopio}}}} - speak Finnish as their first language. In Kuopio, {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|Kuopio}} }} people, or {{Percentage|sigfig = 1|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|Kuopio}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Kuopio}}}} of the population, speak [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish]]. 4.9%{{Formatnum: {{pct|{{Data Finland municipality/native language other|Kuopio}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Kuopio}}|1}}}} of the population of Kuopio have a [[first language|mother tongue]] other than Finnish or Swedish.<ref name="Statstatistics-finland-population-38,0002023-personsfinal"/> As [[English language|English]] and Swedish are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon.
 
At least 100 different languages are spoken in Kuopio. The most common foreign languages are [[Russian language|Russian]] (1.34%), [[Arabic]] (0.6%), [[English language|English]] (0.34%) and [[EstonianUkrainian language|EstonianUkrainian]] (0.23%).<ref name="Statstatistics-finland-population-38,0002023-personsfinal"/>
 
=== Immigration ===
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In{{As 2022of|2023}}, 67,127139 people with a migrant background lived in Kuopio, representing 5.8% of the population.{{refn|Statistics Finland classifies a person as having a "foreign background" if both parents or the only known parent were born abroad.<ref name="statistics-finland-persons-with-foreign-background">{{cite web |access-date=18 September 2023 |title=Persons with foreign background |publisher=Statistics Finland | url=https://www.stat.fi/tup/maahanmuutto/maahanmuuttajat-vaestossa/ulkomaalaistaustaiset_en.html}}</ref>|group=note}} There are 6,018973 residents who were born abroad, which makes up 45.96% of the population. The number of foreign citizens in Kuopio is 34,924785.<ref name="Statstatistics-finland-population-2022">{{Cite web | url=https://stat.fi/en/publication/cl8lphfzbrm4j0cw1b5wyor1h | title=Population structure 2000-2022, urban-rural classification | date=26 May 2023 | publisher=Statistics Finland | access-date=12 September 2023 | language=en }}<final"/ref> Most foreign-born citizens come from the former [[Soviet Union]], [[Russia]], [[Sweden]], [[Thailand]], and [[Syria]].<ref name="Stat-finland-population-38,000-persons"/>
 
The relative proportion of immigrants in Kuopio's population is below the national average. It is lower than in the major Finnish cities of [[Helsinki]], [[Espoo]], [[Tampere]], [[Vantaa]] or [[Turku]]. Nevertheless, the Kuopio's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.
 
=== Religion ===
 
In 20222023, the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland|Evangelical Lutheran Church]] was the largest religious group with 6765.16% of the population of Kuopio. Other religious groups accounted for 3.8% of the population. 2930.16% of the population had no religious affiliation.<ref>[https://pxdata.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11ra.px Key figures on name="Stat-finland-population-38 by region,000 1990-persons"2023] Statistics Finland</ref>
 
[[File:Kuopio, Kuopio Cathedral.JPG|thumb|left|[[Kuopio Cathedral]]]]
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== Culture ==
[[File:Kuopion museo 2012.jpg|thumb|[[Kuopio Museum]] in a National Romantic style building]]
[[File:J.V. Snellmanin rintakuva.jpg|thumb|Bust of [[J. V. Snellman]] at thein [[Snellman Park]] (''Snellmaninpuisto'')]]
Kuopio is known as the cultural center of Eastern Finland. One of Kuopio's most important cultural venues are the [[Kuopio Museum]], the [[Kuopio Art Museum]] and the [[Kuopio City Theatre]] in the city center. A wide range of musical (from kindergarten to doctorate-level studies) and dance education is available and the cultural life is active. Notable events include [[ANTI – Contemporary Art Festival]], Kuopio Dance Festival, [[Kuopio Rockcock]], Kuopio Wine Festival, Kuopio Marathon and Finland Ice Marathon in winter. A notable place, however, to enjoy the local flavor of Kuopio life and food is Sampo, a fish restaurant loved by locals and tourists as well.
 
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