RD-250: Difference between revisions

The '''RD-250''' ([[GRAU]] Index '''8D518''') is the base version of a dual-nozzle family of [[liquid-fuel rocket|liquid]] [[rocket engine]]s, burning [[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N₂O₄]] and [[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine|UDMH]] in the [[Staged combustionGas-generator cycle (rocket)|oxidizergas-generator richopen staged combustioncycle]].<ref>{{Cite cycleweb|url=https://www.russianspaceweb.com/rd250.html|title=The RD-250 engine at the center of an international storm|website=www.russianspaceweb.com|language=en|access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref> The RD-250 was developed by [[NPO Energomash|OKB-456]] for [[Mikhail Yangel|Yangel]]'s [[Yuzhmash|PA Yuzhmash]] [[ICBM]], the [[R-36 (missile)|R-36]] (8K67). Its variations were also used on the [[Tsyklon-2]] and [[Tsyklon-3]] launch vehicles. It was supposed to be used on the [[Tsyklon-4]], but since the cancellation of the project it should be considered as out of production.

| [[R-36 (missile)|R-36]] (8K67) 1st stage || [[R-36 (missile)|R-36P]] (8K67P) 1st stage || [[R-36 (missile)|R-36-O]] (8K67-O) <br/>and [[Tsyklon-2]] 1st stage || [[Tsyklon-3]] 1st stage || R-36, R36P, R-36-O, <br/>Tsyklon-2 2nd stage || Tsyklon-3 2nd stage

Several experts think that technology from the RD-250 engine could have been transferred to North Korea (from Ukraine). This transfer would explain the rapid progress of North Korea in the development of two new missiles: the [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile|intermediate-range]] [[Hwasong-12]] and the [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] (ICBM), [[Hwasong-14]]. Due to complexity of the technology involved in this type of engine, modifications or reverse engineering seem difficult to achieve. Thus it's is believable that complete hardware could have been bought on black market and directly shipped to North Korea, by Russia or Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiss.org/en/iiss%20voices/blogsections/iiss-voices-2017-adeb/august-2b48/north-korea-icbm-success-3abb|title=The secret to North Korea’s ICBM success|website=www.iiss.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-15}}</ref> Conversely, there is analysis<ref name="2017-09-12_AC">[http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/north-korean-missile-engines-not-from-ukraine North Korean Missile Engines: Not from Ukraine], Mariana Budjeryn & Andrew Zhalko-Tytarenko, [[Atlantic Council]], 2017-09-12</ref> (made by two Ukrainian authors) suggesting an alternative mechanism for North Korea to receive [[R-36 (missile)|R-36]] missile engines, or an entire missile, from Russia (USSR) or Russia.

*[[R-36 (missile)]] - [[ICBM]] for which this engine was originally developed for.

<ref name=ea-rd250>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd250.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020826013159/http://astronautix.com/engines/rd250.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 26, 2002 |title=RD-250 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdateaccess-date=2015-06-20}}</ref>

<ref name=ea-rd251>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd251.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020626222322/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd251.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 26, 2002 |title=RD-251 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdateaccess-date=2015-06-20}}</ref>

<ref name=ea-rd252>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd252.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020531043521/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd252.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 31, 2002 |title=RD-252 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdateaccess-date=2015-06-20}}</ref>

<ref name=ea-rd261>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd261.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020627063538/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd261.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2002 |title=RD-261 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdateaccess-date=2015-06-20}}</ref>

<ref name=ea-rd262>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd262.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021028223251/http://astronautix.com/engines/rd262.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 28, 2002 |title=RD-262 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdateaccess-date=2015-06-20}}</ref>

<ref name=kosmo-tsiklone2>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/tsiklone/tech/2.html |title=Tsiklone - Le premier étage |trans-title=Tsyklon - The first stage |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=Frenchfr |accessdateaccess-date=2016-07-04}}</ref>

<ref name=kosmo-tsiklone3>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/tsiklone/tech/3.html |title=Tsiklone - Le deuxième étage |trans-title=Tsyklon - The second stage |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=Frenchfr |accessdateaccess-date=2016-07-04}}</ref>

<ref name=npoem-el>{{cite web |url=http://www.npoenergomash.ru/netcat_files/File/Table_of_Engines.docx |title=NPO Energomash list of engines |publisher=[[NPO Energomash |accessdate=2015-06-20}}</ref>]]

* [httphttps://wwwweb.archive.org/web/20020826013159/http://astronautix.com/engines/rd250.htm Encyclopedia Astronautica information on RD-250 base engine.]

[[Category:Rocket engines using the staged combustiongas-generator cycle]]