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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Redirect-synonym|Bladder campion|[[Silene latifolia]]}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|image = Bladder Campion.jpg
|genus = ''[[Silene]]''▼
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|species = '''''S. vulgaris'''''▼
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|binomial_authorityauthority = (Moench) Garcke▼
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
|familia = [[Caryophyllaceae]]
|subfamilia = Caryophylloideae
▲|genus = ''[[Silene]]''
▲|species = '''''S. vulgaris'''''
|binomial = ''Silene vulgaris''
▲|binomial_authority = (Moench) Garcke
|synonyms =
Of the species:<ref name="POWO_158668-1">{{cite web |title=''Silene vulgaris'' (Moench) Garcke |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:158668-1 |access-date=2023-05-06 }}</ref>
''Oberna behen'' <small>(L.) Ikonn.</small><br/>▼
{{Species list
''Silene cucubalus'' <small>Wibel</small><br/>▼
|Behen oleraceum|E.H.L.Krause
''Silene inflata'' <small>(Salisb.) Sm.</small><br/>
|Behen vulgaris|Moench
''Silene latifolia'' <small>(Mill.) Britten & Rendle, non Poir.</small><br/>
|Behenantha behen|(L.) Ikonn.
''Silene venosa'' <small>Asch.</small><ref>[http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:158615-1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]</ref>
|Cucubalus behen|L.
|}}▼
▲'' |Oberna behen'' <small>|(L.) Ikonn.</small><br/>
|Silene behen var. cucubalus|Kuntze
▲'' |Silene cucubalus'' <small>|Wibel</small><br/>, nom. superfl.
|Silene venosa subsp. vulgaris|(Moench) Graebn., not validly publ.
|Viscago behen|(L.) Hornem.
}}
▲|}}
[[File:Silene vulgaris in Aspen (91171).jpg|thumb|''Silene vulgaris'' flowers]]
'''''Silene vulgaris''''', the '''bladder campion'''<ref>[http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/ontweeds/bladder_campion.htm Bladder Campion], Prov. of Ontario</ref> or '''maidenstears''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SIVU|taxon=Silene vulgaris|accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref> is a plant species of the genus ''[[Silene]]'' of the pink family (''[[Caryophyllaceae]]''). It is native to [[Europe]], where in some parts it is eaten, but is also widespread in North America, where it is a common wildflower in meadows, open woods, and fields.<ref>[http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/ontweeds/bladder_campion.htm Bladder Campion], Prov. of Ontario</ref>▼
 
▲'''''Silene vulgaris''''', the '''bladder campion'''<ref>[http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/ontweeds/bladder_campion.htm Bladder Campion], Prov. of Ontario</ref> or '''maidenstears''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SIVU|taxon=Silene vulgaris|accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref> is a plant species of the genus ''[[Silene]]'' of the pink family (''[[Caryophyllaceae]]''). It is [[Native species|native]] to [[Europe]], wheretemperate inAsia, someand partsnorthern itAfrica. isIt eaten,has butbeen iswidely also widespreadnaturalized in North America, where it is a common wildflower in meadows, open woods, and fields.<ref>[http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/ontweeds/bladder_campion.htm Bladder Campion], Prov. of Ontario</ref>
==Gastronomy==
 
[[File:Potaje de garbanzos y collejas5.JPG|thumb|left|[[Manchego cuisine]]; [[chickpea]] and ''Silene vulgaris'' stew. (Potaje de garbanzos y collejas)]]▼
==Description==
The young shoots and the leaves may be used as food in some countries of the [[Mediterranean]] region.<ref>{{cite book |first=Merritt Lyndon |last=Fernald |authorlink=Merritt Lyndon Fernald |author2=[[Alfred Kinsey|Alfred Charles Kinsey]] |author3=Reed C. Rollins |chapter=Bladder-Campion, Maiden's Tears, Snappery, ''Silene Cububalis'' (or ''latifolia'') |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=qog-7IjkFNYC&pg=PA193 |title=Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America |publisher=[[Dover Publications]] |location=[[New York City]] |year=1996 |pages=193–194 |isbn=0-486-29104-9 |oclc=33666218 |accessdate=23 February 2009}}</ref> The tender leaves may be eaten raw in salads. The older leaves are usually eaten boiled or fried, [[sauteed]] with [[garlic]] as well as in [[omelette]]s.▼
The plant can reach {{convert|3|ft|abbr=off|order=flip}} in height, with flowers about {{convert|1.5|cm|abbr=off|frac=2}} wide.
 
Similar species include ''[[Silene noctiflora|S.&nbsp;noctiflora]]'' and ''[[Silene latifolia|S.&nbsp;latifolia]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Audubon |title=Wildflowers of North America |publisher=Knopf |year=2023 |isbn=978-0593319949 |pages=414}}</ref>
 
==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[Native species|native]] to Europe, temperate Asia and northern Africa and has been introduced to other parts of the world, particularly North America,<ref name="POWO_158668-1" /> where it is now widespread and a common wild flower in meadows, open woods and fields.<ref>[http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/ontweeds/bladder_campion.htm Bladder Campion], Prov. of Ontario</ref>
 
==Uses==
▲[[File:Potaje de garbanzos y collejas5.JPG|thumb|left|[[Manchego cuisine]]; [[chickpea]] and ''Silene vulgaris'' stew. (Potaje de garbanzos y collejas)]]
 
▲The young shoots and the leaves mayare besometimes used as food in some countries of the [[Mediterranean]] region.<ref>{{cite book |first=Merritt Lyndon |last=Fernald |authorlinkauthor-link=Merritt Lyndon Fernald |author2=[[Alfred Kinsey|Alfred Charles Kinsey]] |author3=Reed C. Rollins |chapter=Bladder-Campion, Maiden's Tears, Snappery, ''Silene Cububalis'' (or ''latifolia'') |chapterurlchapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qog-7IjkFNYC&pg=PA193 |title=Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America |publisher=[[Dover Publications]] |location=[[New York City]] |year=1996 |pages=193–194 |isbn=0-486-29104-9 |oclc=33666218 |accessdateaccess-date=23 February 2009|author2-link=Alfred Kinsey }}</ref> The tender leaves may be eaten raw in salads. The older leaves are usually eaten boiled or fried, [[sauteed]] with [[garlic]] as well asor in [[omelette]]s.
 
===Crete and Cyprus===
In [[Crete]] it is called Agriopapoula''agriopapoula'' (Αγριοπάπουλα{{lang|el|αγριοπάπουλα}}) and the locals eat its leaves and tender shoots are eaten browned in [[olive oil]].<ref>{{cite book |author= Kleonikos G. Stavridakis , Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης |title= Wild edible plants of Crete - Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης |publisher= Rethymnon Crete |year=2006 |isbn=960-631-179-1}}</ref>
 
In [[Cyprus]] it is very widely eaten, so much so that it has, in recent years, comeit backhas intoonce beingagain been cultivated and sold in shops in bunches. Two of the common Cypriot names are ''Tsakrostoukkiastrouthouthkia'' ({{lang|el|στρουθούθκια}}; {{IPA|[stru'θuθca]}}) and ''Strouthouthkiatsakrithkia'' (στρουθούθκια{{lang|el|τσακρίδκια}}; {{IPA|[t͡sa'kriðca]}}).<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://foodmuseum.cs.ucy.ac.cy/web/guest/36/civitem/2702
|title=Στρουθούθκια
|accessdate = 2022-02-05
|website = Εικονικό Μουσείο Κυπριακών Τροφίμων και Διατροφής (Cyprus Food Virtual Museum)
|publisher = Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου (University of Cyprus)
|last=Christou
|first=Eleni
}}
</ref>
 
===Italy===
inIn Italy the leaves of this plant may be used also as an ingredient in [[risotto]]. It is commonly known as ''sculpit'', ''stridolo'', or by the obsolete scientific name ''Silene inflata'', as well as ''sciopentins-ciopetin'', or ''grixol'' in [[Veneto]], and ''nenkuz'', or ''sclopit'' in [[Friuli]] and ''cojet'' in [[Piedmont]].
 
===Spain (La Mancha)===
FormerlyIn inthe [[La Mancha]] region of [[Spain]], where ''Silene vulgaris'' leaves are valued as a [[green vegetable]], there wereused to be people known as ''"collejeros"'' who picked these plants and sold themthese plants. Leaves are small and narrow, so it takes many plants to obtain a sizeable amount.
 
In La Mancha the ''SileneS. vulgaris'' leaves, locally known as ''"collejas"'', were mainly used to prepare a dish called ''gazpacho viudo'' (widower gazpacho)., Theconsisting ingredients wereof [[flatbread]] known as ''[[tortas de gazpacho]]'' and a [[stew]] prepared with ''Silene vulgaris'' leaves.<ref>[http://www.mis-recetas.org/recetas/show/5011-gazpachos-manchegos-viudos ''Gazpacho viudo'' recipe]</ref> Other dishes prepared with these leaves in Spain include ''"potaje de [[chickpea|garbanzos]] y collejas"'', ''"[[Scrambled eggs|huevos revueltos]] con collejas"'' and ''"[[rice|arroz]] con collejas"''.
 
==See also==
*[[List of plantsleaf with edible leavesvegetables]]
*[[Castilian-Manchego cuisine]]
 
==References==
Line 54 ⟶ 73:
 
[[Category:Silene|vulgaris]]
[[Category:Flora of LebanonEurope]]
[[Category:Flora of temperate Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of North Africa]]
[[Category:Flora of Macaronesia]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Saponaceous plants]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Conrad Moench]]
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