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In the 19th century, the [[Municipal Corporations Act 1882]], Section 15, regulated the election of mayors. The mayor was to be a fit person elected annually on 9 November by the council of the borough from among the aldermen or councilors or persons qualified to be such. His term of office was one year, but he was eligible for re-election. He might appoint a deputy to act during illness or absence, and such deputy must be either an alderman or councilor. A mayor who was absent from the borough for more than two months became disqualified and had to vacate his office. A mayor was ''ex officio'' a [[justice of the peace]] for the borough during his year of office and the following year. He received such remuneration as the council thought reasonable. These provisions have now been repealed.
In medieval Wales, the [[Laws of Hywel Dda]] codified the
The office of [[mayors and provosts in the United Kingdom|mayor]] in most modern English and Welsh boroughs and towns did not in the 20th century entail any important administrative duties and was generally regarded as an honor conferred for local distinction, long service on the council, or for past services. The mayor was expected to devote much of his (or her) time to civic, ceremonial, and representational functions, and to preside over meetings for the advancement of the public welfare. The administrative duties of mayors were to act as returning officer at parliamentary elections and to chair the meetings of the council.
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==== Directly elected mayors ====
{{main|Directly elected mayors in
Since [[Local Government Act 2000|reforms]] introduced in 2000, a number of English local authorities have [[Elected mayors in the United Kingdom|directly elected mayors]] who combine the "civic" mayor role with that of [[leader of the council]] and have significantly greater powers than either.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn05000/|title= Directly-elected mayors|website= www.commonslibrary.parliament.uk|access-date= 14 December 2020|archive-date= 26 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220726013121/https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn05000/|url-status= live}}</ref>
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===Bangladesh===
{{see also|List of city corporations in Bangladesh}}
Mayors in [[Bangladesh]] are elected every five years. They are very powerful in municipal government. The mayor is the highest-ranking official in municipal governments in Bangladesh.
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* a ''[[wójt]]'' which is the equivalent office in a rural municipality (''[[gmina|gmina wiejska]]'')
They are elected by a [[two-round system|two-round]] [[direct election]] for a five-year term concurrently with the five-year term of the [[municipal council]] and cannot serve in the latter or in any higher-level deliberative bodies: a [[county council]], a [[voivodeship sejmik]], the [[Parliament of Poland]] or the [[European Parliament]]. Citizens with a criminal record cannot run for mayor, but only if sentenced for intentional criminal offence prosecuted [[ex officio]]. The [[municipal council|municipal/town/city council]] is the legislative, budget-making and oversight body.
Town/city mayors manage the municipal estate, issue administrative decisions and minor regulations, and incur [[liability (financial accounting)|liabilities]] within limits set by the municipal council. They prepare and present the planned budget to the municipal council, subject to its acceptation and amendments. After the municipal council votes to accept the budget, the town/city mayor is responsible for its realization. Town/city mayors are heads of the [[town hall|town/city hall (office)]], the [[register office]] (the town/city mayor may appoint deputies for these specific tasks), as well as the parent authority for all public [[kindergarten]]s and [[elementary school]]s in the municipality. They are also personally responsible for the [[emergency management]] and [[civil defense]] in a municipality. A municipality itself is responsible among others for [[public transport]], [[water supply]] and [[water treatment|treatment]], and [[waste management]]. A town/city mayor has the legal capacity to act as employer for all the officials of a town/city hall. Town/city mayors in Poland have wide administrative and staffing authority: the only municipal executive official that the town/city mayor cannot appoint or dismiss is a [[city treasurer]], who is appointed by the town/city council. Although they do not have in Poland power to veto city council resolutions, their position is relatively strong and should be classified as a [[mayor-council government]].In a [[city with powiat rights]], the city mayor also has the powers and duties of a powiat executive board and a [[starosta]].
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===Serbia===
In [[Serbia]], the mayor is the head of the city or a town. The mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive function. The position of the mayor of [[Belgrade]] is important as the capital city is the most important hub of economics, culture and science in [[Serbia]]. Furthermore, the post of the mayor of Belgrade is the third most important position in the government after the [[Prime Minister of Serbia|prime minister]] and [[President of Serbia|president]]. The ''Local Administration Act of 2007'' establishes a mayor-council system for all municipalities, except city municipalities that are part of a city. The title of the mayor varies: the formal title of municipality heads is the ''President of Municipality'' (''{{lang-sr|председник општине}}'') while cities are headed by mayors (''{{lang-sr|градоначелник}}''); both are, however, called ''gradonačelnik'' in everyday parlance. The mayor is elected indirectly by the city council for a term of 4 years, without a term limit; previously, from 1990 to 2006 mayors were elected directly by voters in local elections alongside the municipal council.
===Spain and Hispanic America===
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Many American mayors are styled "His Honor" or "Her Honor" while in office.
A 2014 analysis found no difference in performance between male and female mayors in the United States, and no evidence of a positive role model effect from female mayors inspiring future candidates.<ref>Ferreira, Fernando, and Joseph Gyourko. 2014. “Does Gender Matter for Political Leadership? The Case of U.S. Mayors.” Journal of Public Economics 112 (April): 24-39.</ref> In 2016 author Mirya R. Holman wrote that female mayors "emphasize nurturer parent frames more frequently whereas male mayors emphasize strict father frames, but they discuss economic development at very similar levels".<ref>Holman, Mirya R. 2016. “Gender, Political Rhetoric, and Moral Metaphors in the State of the City Addresses.” ''Urban Affairs Review'' 52 (4): 501-530.</ref>
==Multi-tier local government==
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