Indian reserve: Difference between revisions

In Canada, an '''Indian reserve''' ({{lang-fr|reserve indienne}}) is defined by the ''[[Indian Act]]'' as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in [[Monarchy of Canada|Her Majesty]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/Search/Search.aspx?txtS3archA11=majesty&txtT1tl3=%22Indian+Act%22&h1ts0n1y=0&ddC0nt3ntTyp3=Acts |title=Basic Search ("Indian Act" "majesty")|access-date=17 July 2023|date=7 July 2023|orig-date=Enacted 1985}}</ref><!--Source still reads "Her" do not change until the Act changes.--> that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a [[band government|band]]."{{sfn|Government of Canada|1985|loc=Section 2 (1) (a)}} Reserves are areas set aside for [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]], one of the major groupings of [[Indigenous peoples in Canada]], after a contract with the Canadian state ("[[the Crown]]"), and are not to be confused with [[Indigenous land claims in Canada#Comprehensive claims|indigenousIndigenous peoples' claims to ancestral lands]] under [[Aboriginal title#Canada|Aboriginal title]].

A single "band" (First Nations government) may control one reserve or several, while other reserves are shared between multiple bands. In 2003, the [[Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada|Department of Indian and Northern Affairs]] stated there were 2,300 reserves in Canada, comprising {{convert|28000|km2|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|DIAND|2003|page=2}} According to Statistics Canada in 2011, there are more than 600 First Nations/Indian bands in Canada and [[List of Indian reserves in Canada|3,100 Indian reserves]] across Canada.{{sfn|StatsCan|2011|loc=Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit}} Examples include the [[Driftpile First Nation]], which like many bands, has only one reserve, [[Driftpile River 150]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=450&lang=eng |title=Driftpile Cree Nation| date=14 November 2008 |website=[[Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada]] |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> The [[Bear River First Nation]], who govern [[Bear River 6]], [[Bear River 6A]] and [[Bear River 6B]], are one of many examples where a single government is responsible for more than one reserve.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=21&lang=eng |title=Bear River| date=14 November 2008 |website=[[Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada]] |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref>

One band Chief and [[Tribal Council|Council]] commonly administer more than one reserve, such as the [[Beaver Lake Cree Nation]] with two reserves or the [[Lenape]] people (in Canada incorporated as the [[Munsee-Delaware Nation]]), who occupy Munsee-Delaware Nation Indian Reserve No. 1. This consists of three non-contiguous parcels of land totalling {{convert|1054|ha|abbr=on}} within the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation 42 near [[Strathroy-Caradoc|Muncey, Ontario]], which was formerly shared between them and the [[Chippewas of the Thames First Nation]] as a single parcel of land. Some reserves are shared by multiple bands, whether as fishing camps or educational facilities such as [[Pekw'Xe:yles]], a reserve on the [[Fraser River]] used by 21 [[band government|Indian band]]s that was formerly [[St. Mary's Indian Residential School]] and is an example of a reserve created in modern times.<ref>{{BCGNIS|59960|Pekw'Xe:yles}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/RVDetail.aspx?RESERVE_NUMBER=09657&lang=eng |title= Pekw'Xe:yles (Peckquaylis)|date= 14 November 2008|website=[[Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada]] |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> Another multi-band reserve of the [[Sto:lo]] peoples is [[Grass Indian Reserve No. 15]], which is located in the City of [[Chilliwack]] and is shared by nine bands.

* {{citation |url=http://www.canadiana.ca/citm/specifique/numtreatyoverview_e.html |title=Numbered Treaty Overview |series=Canada in the Making -– Specific Events |publisher=Canadiana |last=Robert |first=Jean-Claude |date=2001 |access-date=20 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407064215/http://www.canadiana.ca/citm/specifique/numtreatyoverview_e.html |archive-date=7 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}

* {{citation |url=http://www.scs.sk.ca/cyber/elem/learningcommunity/6/1/curr_content/aboriginal_res/supplem.htm#terms |publisher=Saskatoon Catholic Schools |last=SCS |title=Guidelines for Integrating Indian and Métis Content and Perspectives |access-date=20 September 2013 |ref={{sfnref|SCS|nd}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927195432/http://www.scs.sk.ca/cyber/elem/learningcommunity/6/1/curr_content/aboriginal_res/supplem.htm#terms#terms |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}