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'''Kladno''' ({{IPA-cs|ˈkladno}}; {{lang-de|Kladen}}) is a city in the [[Central Bohemian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about
==Administrative
==Etymology==
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==History==
[[File:Kladno Chateau CZ 002.jpg|thumb|Kladno Castle]]
[[File:
The first written mention of Kladno is from 1318, when it was a property of the Kladenský of Kladno noble family.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie města Kladno|url=https://www.kladnozive.cz/Historie-mesta-Kladno/|publisher=Kladno Živě|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref> After 1543, when the Kladenský of Kladno family died out, it became a property of the Žďárský of Žďár family. In 1561, the settlement was granted the town status.<ref name=history2>{{cite web |title=Historie Kladna|url=https://mestokladno.cz/historie-kladna/d-1401489|publisher=City of Kladno|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref>
In 1566, the Žďárskýs of Žďár rebuilt the local fort into a Renaissance castle. The town walls were built in the following decades. The town prospered until the [[Battle of White Mountain]] in 1620, when it was looted by Polish [[Cossacks]]. However, during the rule of Florián Jetřich Žďárský, the town began to prosper again.<ref name=history/> After the Bohemian branch of the Ždárský family died out in 1670, the town changed hands several times before it was bought by the Benedictine [[Břevnov Monastery]] in 1705.<ref name=svmk>{{cite web |title=Stručná historie Kladna|url=http://www.omk.cz/index.html?url=http://www.omk.cz/dyn/doc/historie_kladna|publisher=Sládečkovo vlastivědné muzeum v Kladně|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref>
In the 18th century, the town began to expand beyond its walls. In 19th century, the town developed into a significant agricultural and industrial centre.<ref name=history/> [[Bituminous coal]] was first
The city's prosperity was once again interrupted by World War II, when it was ruled by the Nazis. In 1941, several surrounding municipalities (Kročehlavy, Rozdělov, Dubí, Dříň and Újezd) were annexed to Kladno. Vrapice was annexed in 1950 and the town of Švermov in 1980.<ref name=history2/>
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==Economy==
[[File:Kladno CZ LEGO factory from NE 007.jpg|thumb|Lego factory]]
Kladno was one of the historical birthplaces of [[heavy industry]] in Bohemia. For years, the city was home to the Poldi [[steelmaking|steel factory]], the region's largest employer. Since economic restructuring in the 1990s, the heavy industry has largely been replaced by services and light industry.
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==Transport==
Kladno is located at a railway junction. It lies on the railway lines Prague–[[Kralupy nad Vltavou]] and Kladno–[[Rakovník]]. The city is served by six stations
==Sport==
The city is known as the home of many internationally known ice hockey players, such as [[Jaromír Jágr]]
The local football club [[SK Kladno]] played in the [[Czech First League]] in 2006–2010, but since 2013
The city hosts various athletic events including the [[TNT – Fortuna Meeting]] in June, and the [[Kladno Marathon]] in September each year.
==Sights==
[[File:Kladno náměstí 2013.jpg|thumb|Starosty Pavla Square]]
[[File:Kladno CZ St Florian chapel front view 028.jpg|thumb|160px|Chapel of Saint Florian]]
The Kladno Castle was originally a Gothic fortress, rebuilt in the Renaissance style in the 1560s, then completely rebuilt into a Baroque castle in 1737–1740 by the architect [[Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer]]. Today it houses a museum and gallery. Next to the castle is a castle park with a beararium built in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historie zámku|url=https://www.kladenskyzamek.cz/cs/historie-zamku|work=Kladenský zámek|publisher=City of Kladno|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref><ref name=sights>{{cite web |title=Historické památky Kladna|url=https://mestokladno.cz/historicke-pamatky-kladna/d-1401490|publisher=City of Kladno|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref>
There are several major landmarks of Kladno on the Starosty Pavla Square. The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary was built in the
The Chapel of Saint Florian is a significant Baroque chapel. It is the last project of K. I. Dietzenhofer before his death. The construction started in 1751 and after being interrupted, it was completed in 1827.<ref name=sights/><ref>{{cite web |title=Kaple sv. Floriána|url=https://www.pamatkovykatalog.cz/kaple-sv-floriana-14277905|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref>
The former synagogue is a
There are four churches in the local parts of Kladno. The Church of Saint John the Baptist in Dubí was originally a Gothic church, first documented in 1352. In 1861, it was rebuilt into its current form with a Neogothic tower. It is a pilgrimage site. The Church of Saint Nicholas in Vrapice was a Romanesque rotunda from the early 13th century, rebuilt in the Gothic style around 1400. It was then rebuilt and extended in 1858. The Church of Saint Wenceslaus in Rozdělov is modern, built in 1925–1927.<ref name=sights/> The Church of Saint Nicholas in Švermov, built in
==Notable people==
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*[[Václav Horák]] (1912–2000), footballer
*[[Karel Kolský]] (1914–1984, football player and manager
*[[Luděk Pešek]] (1919–1999), artist and novelist
*[[Zdeněk Miler]] (1921–2011), animator and illustrator
*[[Antonín Kachlík]] (1923–2022), film director and screenwriter
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