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{{other ships|Italian ship Andrea Doria}}▼
{{Short description|Dreadnought battleship of the Italian Royal Navy}}
▲{{other ships|Italian ship Andrea Doria}}
{{good article}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
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|Hide header=
|Ship country= Italy
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy}} {{shipboxflag|Italy|navalnavy-1947}}
|Ship name= ''Andrea Doria''
|Ship namesake=[[Andrea Doria]]
|Ship builder=La[[Arsenale Speziadi NavyLa YardSpezia]]
|Ship laid down=24 March 1912
|Ship launched= 30 March 1913
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|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass-|Andrea Doria|battleship}}
|Ship displacement=[[Full load]]: {{convertcvt|24729|MT|LT|abbrlk=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|176|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|28|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|9.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=
*4 × [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] [[steam turbine]]
*4 × [[screw propeller]]s
*20 × boilers
|Ship power=
*{{convert|30000|shp|abbr=on}}
*20 × [[Yarrow boiler]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|21|kn|abbr=on}}▼
|Ship range=*{{convert|480030000|nmishp|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbrlk=on}}
▲|Ship speed={{convert|21|kn|abbrlk=onin}}
|Ship complement=*35 officers▼
|Ship range={{convert|4800|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}}
▲|Ship complement=*35 officers
*35 officers
*1,998 enlisted
|Ship armament=
*13 × [[305 mm /46 Model 1909|{{convertcvt|305|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} guns]]
*16 × [[Cannone da 152/45|{{convertcvt|152|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} guns]]
*13 × [[QF 14 pounder naval gun Mk I & II naval gun|{{convertcvt|76|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} guns]]
*6 × 76 mm [[anti-aircraft]] guns
*3 × {{convertcvt|450|mm|in|0|abbr=on1}} [[torpedo]] tubes
|Ship armor=
*[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{convertcvt|254|mm|abbr=on0}}
*[[Gun turret]]s: {{convertcvt|280|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convertcvt|98|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Conning tower]]: 280 mm
|Ship notes=
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|}
 
'''''Andrea Doria''''' was the [[lead ship]] of [[Andrea Doria-class battleship|her class]] of [[battleship]]s built by the ''[[Regia Marina]]'' (Royal Navy). The class included only one [[sister ship]], {{ship|Italian battleship|Caio Duilio||2}}. ''Andrea Doria'' was named after the 16th-century [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] admiral [[Andrea Doria|of the same name]]. Laid down in March 1912, the battleship was launched a year later in March 1913, and completed in March 1916. She was armed with a main battery of thirteen {{convertcvt|305|mm|abbr=on0}} guns and had a top speed of {{convert|21|kn}}.
 
''Andrea Doria'' saw no major action in [[World War I]], and served extensively in Mediterranean in the 1920s and 1930s. She was involved in the suppression of [[Italian Regency of Carnaro|rebels in Fiume]] and the [[Corfu incident]] in the 1920s. Starting in 1937, ''Andrea Doria'' underwent an extensive modernization, which lasted until 1940. She saw relatively little action during [[World War II]]; she was tasked with escorting convoys to Libya throughout 1941 and into 1942, during which she engaged in the inconclusive [[First Battle of Sirte]]. After [[Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces|the Armistice]] in September 1943 the ship was sailed to Malta and interned by the Allies. She remained there until 1944, when she was permitted to return to Italian ports. ''Andrea Doria'' survived the war and soldiered on in the post-war navy as a training ship until 1956. Paid off in September, she was formally stricken from the [[naval register]] on 1 November and sold for scrapping later that year.
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{{main|Andrea Doria-class battleship}}
 
''Andrea Doria'' was {{convert|176|m|sp=us}} [[length overall|long overall]]; she had a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|28|m|abbr=on}} and a [[draft (hull)|draft]] of {{convert|9.4|m|abbr=on}}. At full combat load, she [[displacement (ship)|displaced]] up to {{convert|2472924715|MT|LT|sp=us|lk=on}}. SheThe ship had a crew[[forecastle]] ofdeck 35&nbsp;officersthat andextended 1,198&nbsp;enlistedfor men.the Shefirst wasthird poweredof by fourthe [[Parsonshull Marine Steam Turbine Company(watercraft)|Parsonshull]]. Her [[steam turbinesuperstructure]]s, withconsisted steamof provideda bysmall, eight oil-fired and twelve coal and oil-burningarmored [[Yarrowconning boilertower]]s. Theaft boilersof werethe trunkedforward intopair twoof largemain [[funnelgun turret]]s. Theand enginesa weresecond ratedtower ataft. {{convert|30000|shp|lk=in}}As built, whichshe providedwas afitted topwith speedtwo of[[tripod {{convert|21|kn|lk=in}}mast]]s. She had a cruising radiuscrew of {{convert|4800|nmi|lk=in}}35&nbsp;officers atand {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}}1,198&nbsp;enlisted men.<ref name=GG260>Gardiner & GrayFraccaroli, p. 260</ref>
 
She was powered by four [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] [[steam turbine]]s, which drove four [[screw propeller]]s. Steam was provided by eight oil-fired and twelve coal- and oil-burning [[Yarrow boiler]]s that were ducted into two large and widely spaced [[funnel]]s. The engines were rated at {{convert|30000|shp|lk=in}}, which provided a top speed of {{convert|21|kn|lk=in}}. She had a cruising radius of {{convert|4800|nmi|lk=in}} at a more economical speed of {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}}.<ref name=GG260/>
 
The ship was armed with a [[main battery]] of thirteen [[305 mm /46 Model 1909|{{cvt|305|mm|0}}]] 46-caliber guns in three triple [[gun turret|turrets]] and two twin turrets. The secondary battery comprised sixteen [[Cannone da 152/45|{{cvt|152|mm|0}}]] 45-caliber guns, all mounted in [[casemate]]s clustered around the forward and aft main battery turrets. ''Andrea Doria'' was also armed with thirteen [[QF 14 pounder naval gun Mk I & II naval gun|{{cvt|76|mm|0}}]] 50-caliber guns and six [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|76-mm anti-aircraft guns]]. As was customary for [[capital ship]]s of the period, she was equipped with three submerged {{cvt|450|mm|1}} [[torpedo tube]]s.<ref name=GG260/>
 
The ship was armed with a main battery of thirteen [[305 mm /46 Model 1909|{{convert|305|mm|abbr=on}}]] 46-[[Caliber (artillery)|caliber]] guns in three triple [[gun turret|turrets]] and two twin turrets. The secondary battery comprised sixteen [[Cannone da 152/45|{{convert|152|mm|abbr=on}}]] 45-caliber guns, all mounted in [[casemate]]s clustered around the forward and aft main battery turrets. ''Andrea Doria'' was also armed with thirteen [[QF 14 pounder naval gun Mk I & II naval gun|{{convert|76|mm|abbr=on}}]] 50-caliber guns and six [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|76-mm anti-aircraft guns]]. As was customary for [[capital ship]]s of the period, she was equipped with three submerged {{convert|450|mm|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s. She was protected with [[Krupp cemented armour|Krupp cemented steel]] manufactured by [[Terni]]. The [[belt armor]] was {{convertcvt|254|mm|abbr=on0}} thick and the main deck was {{convert|98|mm|abbr=on}} thick. The [[conning tower]] and main battery turrets were protected with {{convert|280|mm|abbr=on}} worth of armor plating.<ref name=GG260/>
 
===Modifications===
''Andrea Doria'' was heavilyextensively rebuilt in 1937&ndash;1940 at [[Trieste]]. Her [[forecastle]] deck was extended further aft, until it reached the mainmast. The stern and bow were rebuilt, increasing the length of the ship to {{convert|186.9|m|abbr=on}}, and the displacement grew to {{convert|28882|MT|LT|abbr=on}}. Her old machinery was replaced with more efficient equipment and her twenty boilers were replaced with eight oil-fired models; the new power plant was rated at {{convert|75000|shp|abbr=on}} and speed increased to {{convert|26|kn|abbr=on}}. The ship's [[amidships]] turret was removed and the remaining guns were bored out to {{convert|320|mm|abbr=on|1}}. Her secondary battery was completely overhauled; the 152&nbsp;mm guns were replaced with twelve [[135 mm /45 Italian naval gun|{{convert|135|mm|abbr=on}} guns]] in triple turrets amidships. The anti-aircraft battery was significantly improved, to include ten [[Cannone da 90/53#Naval version|{{convert|90|mm|in|abbr=on}}]] guns, fifteen [[Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54 (Breda)|{{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}} 54-cal. guns]], and sixteen [[Breda Model 35|{{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}}]] guns. Later, during [[World War II]], four more 37&nbsp;mm guns were installed and two of the 20&nbsp;mm guns were removed. After emerging from the modernization, ''Andrea Doria''{{'}}s crew numbered 35&nbsp;officers and 1,450&nbsp;enlisted men.<ref name=GC284>Gardiner & ChesneauRoberts, p. 284</ref><ref name=F16>Fraccaroli, p. 16</ref>
 
==Service history==
[[File:Conte di Cavour-class battleship.png|thumb|''Andrea Doria'' during World War I]]
''Andrea Doria'', named for the 16th century [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] admiral [[Andrea Doria|of the same name]], was laid down at the [[La Spezia]] shipyard in Naples on 24 March 1912. She was launched on 30 March 1913 and completed by 13 March 1916.<ref name=GG260/> The [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]], which had been Italy's primary rival for decades, was the primary opponent in the conflict. The Austro-Hungarian battle fleet lay in its harbors directly across the narrow [[Adriatic Sea]] and did not emerge for the duration of the conflict. In addition, Admiral [[Paolo Thaon di Revel]], the Italian naval chief of staff, believed that Austro-Hungarian [[submarine]]s and minelayers could operate too effectively in the narrow waters of the Adriatic. The threat from these underwater weapons to his capital ships was too serious for him to use the fleet in an active way.<ref>Halpern, p. 150</ref> Instead, Revel decided to implement blockade at the relatively safer southern end of the Adriatic with the battle fleet, while smaller vessels, such as the [[MAS (boat)|MAS boats]], conducted raids on Austro-Hungarian ships and installations. Meanwhile, Revel's battleships would be preserved to confront the Austro-Hungarian battle fleet in the event that it sought a decisive engagement.<ref>Halpern, pp. 141&ndash;142</ref>
 
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''Andrea Doria'' was still out of service in 1939 when the [[Second World War]] broke out in Europe. Work was finished by October 1940, and on the 26th of the month, she rejoined the Italian fleet in the 5th Division in Taranto. She was undamaged by the [[Battle of Taranto|British attack on Taranto]] on the night of 11&ndash;12 November, and was sent to Naples on the 12th.<ref name=W168>Whitley, p. 168</ref><ref>Rohwer, p. 27</ref> In early December, the Italian Navy reorganized the fleet; ''Andrea Doria'' remained in the 5th Division, along with the battleship {{ship|Italian battleship|Giulio Cesare||2}}.<ref>Rohwer, p. 51</ref> She undertook her first operation in early January with the new battleship {{ship|Italian battleship|Vittorio Veneto||2}} in response to [[Operation Excess]], a complex series of British convoys to Malta. The Italian battleships were unable to locate any British forces, and so returned to port by 11 January.<ref name=W168/> On 8 February, ''Andrea Doria'' sortied again, along with ''Vittorio Veneto'' and ''Giulio Cesare'', in response to reports of a British fleet in the area. They were steaming off [[Sardinia]] when they received word that the Royal Navy had bombarded [[Genoa]] in [[Operation Grog]]; they immediately turned north to intercept the British, but failed to locate them in heavy fog.<ref>Rohwer, p. 58</ref>
 
In December 1941, ''Andrea Doria'' formed part of the escort during Operation M41, a major convoy from Italy to [[Benghazi]] in Libya on the 13th. M42 followed on 17&ndash;19 December, where ''Andrea Doria'' saw action against British cruisers and destroyers in the [[First Battle of Sirte]].<ref name=W168/> Late on the 17th, the Italian fleet, commanded by Admiral [[Angelo Iachino]], engaged the British light forces. Both sides acted hesitantly, however, and no decisive engagement resulted.<ref>Rohwer, p. 125</ref> During the battle, the destroyer [[HMS Kipling (F91)|HMS ''Kipling'']] suffered some damage from near misses, variably credited to ''Doria'', ''Cesare'' or the heavy cruiser ''Gorizia''.<ref>Giorgerini, p. 343</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Royal Australian Navy|title=H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action in WWII|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/hm-ships-damaged-or-sunk-enemy-action-wwii|access-date=2016-02-14|website=www.navy.gov.au}}</ref> Operation M43 followed on 3 January 1942; ''Andrea Doria'' again provided escort for the three convoys to Libya. While on the operation, ''Andrea Doria'' suffered mechanical problems and had to return to port early. She remained inactive for the remainder of the year, and indeed until [[Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces|the Armistice]] in September 1943 that removed Italy from the war, owing to severe fuel shortages in the Italian Navy.<ref name=W168/> On 9 September 1943, ''Andrea Doria'' left Italy, bound for internment in [[Malta]], where she remained until 8 June 1944. She was then released to return to Sicily, and eventually returned to Taranto on 14 March 1945.
 
===Post War Service===
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== References ==
* {{cite book|lastlast1=FraccaroliBagnasco|firstfirst1=AldoErmino|last2=de Toro|first2=Augusto|title=Italian WarshipsBattleships: of''Conti Worlddi WarCavour'' and ''Duilio'' Classes 1911–1956 I|locationdate=London2021 |publisher=IanSeaforth Publishing Allan|yearlocation=1970Barnsley, UK|name-list-style=amp |isbn=978-01-71105267-01059987-36}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=GardinerFraccaroli|editor1-first=RobertAldo|chapter=Italy|editor2pages=252–290|editor1-last=ChesneauGray|editor2editor1-first=Roger Randal| title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922–19461906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1980|isbn=978-0-87021-913907-8|location=Annapolis |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location= Annapolis|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-87021-907-3 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last=Giorgerini|first=Giorgio|title=La Guerra Italiana sul Mare: la Marina Tra Vittoria e Sconfitta: 1940-1943|location=Milan|publisher=Mondadori |isbn=9788804501503|year=2002}}
* {{cite book |last=Halpern|first=Paul G.|title=A Naval History of World War I|year=1995|location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=1-55750-352-4|author-link=Paul G. Halpern}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ordovini |first1=Aldo F.|last2=Petronio|first2=Fulvio|last3=Jurens |first3=William |last4=Sullivan |first4=David |title=Capital Ships of the Royal Italian Navy, 1860–1918: Part 4: Dreadnought Battleships |journal=Warship International |date=December 2017 |volume=LIV |issue=4 |pages=307–343 |issn=0043-0374|display-authors=2}}
*{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau |editor1-first=Roger |publisher=Mayflower Books|location=New York|year=1980|isbn=0-8317-0303-2 |chapter=Italy |last1=Roberts |first1=John|pages=280–317}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis |year=2005 |edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2|author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
* {{cite book |last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Battleships of World War II|year=1998 |location= Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=1-55750-184-X|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}
 
==External links==
{{commons category|Andrea Doria (ship, 1916)}}
* [https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/mezzi-storici/Pagine/homeABCD/andrea_doria.aspx Historical''Andrea Ships]Doria'' on the Marina Militare website]
 
{{Portal bar|Italy|Engineering|Battleships|World War II}}
{{Italian Navy}}
{{Andrea Doria class battleship}}
{{Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico}}
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[[Category:World War I battleships of Italy]]
[[Category:World War II battleships of Italy]]
[[Category:Cold War battleships of Italy]]
[[Category:Ships built in La Spezia]]
[[Category:1913 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built by Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico]]
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