Content deleted Content added
m Reverted edit by 185.178.68.42 (talk) to last version by Reev132 |
m Reverted edits by 208.118.126.178 (talk) (AV) |
||
| (20 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
Line 16:
}}{{Sikhism sidebar}}
'''Hola Mohalla''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਹੋਲਾ-ਮਹੱਲਾ ''hōlā muhalā''), also called '''Hola''', is a three-day long [[Sikh]] festival which normally falls in March.<ref name="SikhSpectrum">{{cite journal |last=Ahluwalia |first=M.S. |date=November 2004 |title=Tourism: The Festival of Hola Mohalla |journal=SikhSpectrum.com Quarterly |issue=18 |url=http://www.sikhspectrum.com/112004/hola.htm |access-date=2008-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517080324/http://www.sikhspectrum.com/112004/hola.htm |archive-date=17 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.sikhworld.co.uk/page19.html |title=Sikh Calendar |access-date=2008-09-17 |work=SikhWorld.co.uk |author=Amolak Singh}}</ref> It takes place on the second day of the [[lunar month]] of [[Chet (month)|Chett]], usually a day after the Hindu spring festival [[Holi]], but sometimes
Hola Mohalla is a big festive event for Sikhs around the world.
Line 47:
''I am satisfied and fulfilled, singing the Glorious Praises of the Lord.<br>
''Servant Nanak meditates on the Lord, Har, Har, Har (God).<br>
</blockquote>}} As Holi starts with [[Holika Dahan]] on the full moon night of Phagan or
The festival also has roots in the story of the child
▲The festival also has roots in the story of the child Bhagat, Prahlad who would not accept his father, Harnakash, as god. According to Gandhi (2007), "in order to please her brother, Holka planned to burn Prahlad. She took him in her lap, sat in the midst of a heap of easily combustible straw".<ref>Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007) History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist[https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&q=straw&pg=PA747]</ref> Holka thought she would be protected by a cloth but it was Prahald who survived and Holka perished in the fire. The event gave rise to the belief that good triumphed over evil. Harnaksh, the King of [[Multan]],<ref>M. Hanif Raza (1988) Multan: Past & Present. Colorpix[https://books.google.com/books?id=VUQrAAAAMAAJ&q=prahlad+multan]</ref> was defeated by good in the form of Prahlad. According to Lorenzen(1996), the story of Prahlad was popular with the early Sikhs. The Guru Granth contains verses reciting Prahald by the saints Namdev and Kabir, and also by the third Guru Amar Das.<ref>Lorenzen, David N. (1996) Praises to a Formless God: Nirguni Texts from North India. Suny Press [https://books.google.com/books?id=tE3sShuid5gC&dq=prahlad+multan&pg=PA18]</ref>
===Customs===
[[Guru Gobind Singh]], the tenth [[Sikh Guru]] built upon the story of Prahlad and founded the festival of Hola Mohalla. According to Thompson (2000), Guru Gobind Singh established Hola Mohalla in the spring of 1701.<ref>
Sikhs in the Deccan and North-East India. Taylor and Francis [https://books.google.com/books?id=be1GDwAAQBAJ&dq=hola+mohalla+1701+february&pg=PT63]</ref> The new tradition of overseeing mock battles and poetry contests at Lohgarh Fort<ref name="SikhSpectrum"/><ref name="SikhChic"/> has since spread from the town of [[Anandpur Sahib]] to nearby [[Kiratpur Sahib]] and the foothills of the [[Shivaliks]], and to other Gurdwaras around the world.<ref name="Celebrate"/> According to Singh (2018), "during the celebrations of Hola Mohalla a sword is most in demand at Nanded, since each participant in the procession must have it in his hand".<ref name="books.google.com"/>
===Colours===
According to Guru Gobind Singh's court poet Bhai Nand Lal, colours were thrown by the participants after completion of the mock battles: rose water, amber, musk and saffron-coloured water was used.<ref>Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2004) A Historian's Approach to Guru Gobind Singh. Singh bros [https://books.google.com/books?id=LbvXAAAAMAAJ&q=bhai+nand+lal+holi+colours]</ref> Sikh tradition holds that Guru Gobind Singh also participated in the colourful festival<ref>Fenech, Louise.E> (2013)The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire. OUP USA [https://books.google.com/books?id=aUUfAQAAQBAJ&q=sikh+tradition+holi&pg=PA146]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PpHjAAAAMAAJ&q=gulal The Sikh Review, Volumes 16-17 (1968)]</ref> with the use of [[gulal]]<ref>Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007) History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers [https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&dq=bhai+nand+lal+gulaal&pg=PA748]</ref> which has survived into modern times with [[Nihang]]s "splashing gulal (red farinaceous powder) on each other and the audience".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1O0eAQAAMAAJ&q=hola+mohalla+gulal+census+punjab Census of India, 1961: Punjab]</ref> The alternative view is that the practice of throwing colours was not observed by Guru Gobind Singh.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7RduAAAAMAAJ&q=+usual+practice+ Punjab district gazetteers, Volume 9 (1987)]</ref>
Line 64 ⟶ 65:
Holi, when people playfully sprinkle colored powders, dry or mixed in water, on each other<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-LOtnxxIGaYC&dq=hola+mohalla&pg=PA121 Arnej, Simran Kaur.Ik Onkar One God]</ref> on the first day of Chet was given a new dimension by establishing Hola to be celebrated a day after. However, Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708) held the first march at Anandpur on Chet vadi 1, 1757 Bk (22 February 1701) and therefore festivities start before the second of Chet. In Anandpur Sahib, the festival lasts for three days.<ref name="festival1">{{cite web | url=https://www.holifestival.org/hola-mohalla.html | title=Hola Mohalla | publisher=Society for the Confluence of Festivals in India | access-date=6 April 2018 }}</ref>
The Guru made Hola Mahalla an occasion for the Sikhs to demonstrate their martial skills in simulated battles. This was probably done to forestall a grimmer struggle against the imperial power and channeling people's energy into a more useful activity. Hola Mahalla became an annual event held in an open ground near Holgarh, a fort across the rivulet Charan Ganga, northwest of Anandpur sahib.{{
The popularity of this festival may be judged from the fact that out of five Sikh public holidays requested by the Khalsa Diwan, of Lahore in 1889, the Government approved only two - Hola Mahalla and the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak. Hola Mahalla is presently the biggest festival at Anandpur.{{
== Anandpur Sahib ==
| |||