1287: Difference between revisions

{{YearAbout dabyear|1287}}

* [[January 17]] &ndash; Aragonese forces led by King [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso III]] ('''the Liberal''') conquer the island of [[Menorca]]. He signs the "Treaty of San Agayz" with Sultan [[Abû 'Umar ibn Sa'îd]] on [[January 21]]. Alfonso accepts a policy of free trade for merchants and their property. He also concludes an alliance against the Marinids with [[Abu Said Uthman I]], ruler of the Zayyanid [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] (modern [[Algeria]]). He proposes, to supply him with five to ten galleys (with food and other goods) in exchange for 500 elite Zayyanid horsemen.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 95. {{ISBN|978-08122-2302-6}}.</ref>

* Alfonso III ('''the Liberal''') is forced, to make concessions to the nobility after an aristocratic uprising (called the [[Union of Aragon]]), to make concessions to the nobility. In particular, he grants his barons a "Bill of Rights", known as the ''Privilegium Generale''. This leaves a heritage of disunity and further dissent among the nobility, who increasingly see little reason to respect the throne, and brings the [[Crown of Aragon]] to the point of anarchy. Alfonso, who is not pleased with the anti-royalist movement, is forced to accept the ''[[Magna Carta]]'' ('''Great Charter''').<ref>Chaytor, Henry John (1933). ''A History of Aragon and Catalonia'', p. 126. London: Methuen.</ref>

* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Counts]]: AAn Aragonese-Sicilian fleet (some 50 galleys) under Admiral [[Roger of Lauria]] defeat a larger Angevin fleet of 70 galleys near [[Naples]]. After a [[feigned retreat]], Roger attacks the Angevin galleys from all sides. During the battle, which last much of the day, the Angevin fleet is scattered, leaving about 40 galleys to be captured, along with 5,000 prisoners. After the victory, without any authorization from King [[James II of Majorca|James II]], Roger makes a truce with the Neapolitans (who are allies of the Angevins).

* [[December 14]] &ndash; A huge storm and associated storm tide in the [[North Sea]] and [[English Channel]], known as [[St. Lucia's flood]] in the [[Netherlands]], kills thousands and reshapes the coastline of the Netherlands and [[Kingdom of England|England]]. In the Netherlands, a fringing barrier between the North Sea and a shallow lake collapses, causing the fifth-largest flood in recorded history – which creates the [[Zuiderzee|Zuider Zee]] inlet, and kills over 50,000 people. It also gives sea access to [[Amsterdam]], allowing theits development as an important port city.

* February &ndash; [[South England flood of February 1287|South England flood]]: A large storm hits the south coast, this has a powerful effect on the [[Cinque Ports]], two of which are hit ([[Hastings]] and [[New Romney]]). The storm destroys Old [[Winchelsea]] on [[Romney Marsh]] and nearby [[New Romney#History|Broomhill]]. The course of the [[River Rother, East Sussex|Rother River]] is diverted away from New Romney, which is almost destroyed, ending its role as a port, which; the Rother runs instead to the sea at [[Rye, East Sussex|Rye]] – whose prospects as a port are enhanced. A cliff collapses at Hastings, ending its role as a trade harbor and demolishing a part of [[Hastings Castle]]. New Winchelsea is established on higher ground.<ref>{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Simons|title=Since Records Began|location=London|publisher=Collins|year=2008|isbn=978-0-00-728463-4}}</ref>

* Summer &ndash; Edward I ('''Longshanks''') replies to the Welsh rebellion by raising an army at [[Gloucester]] commanded by [[Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall|Edmund of Almain]]. The English forces besiege [[Dryslwyn Castle]], which lastedlasts for three weeks before the castle fellfalls after the curtain walls are undermined. Rhys ap Maredudd manages to escape and goes into hiding before the stronghold is finally captured in late September.

* Spring &ndash; [[Arghun|Arghun Khan]], Mongol ruler of the [[Ilkhanate]], sendsends an embassy under Rabban Bar Sauma with the mission of contracting a military alliance against the [[Mamluk Sultanate]] and take the city of [[Jerusalem]]. He travels with a large retinue (bearing gifts and letters) and 30 riding animals from [[Tabriz]] through [[Armenia]] to [[Trabzon|Trebizond]]. Bar Sauma arrives in Constantinople and receives an audience with Emperor [[Andronikos II Palaiologos|Andronikos II]] ('''Palaiologos''').<ref>Morris Rossabi (2014). ''From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi''. BRILL. pp. 385–386. {{ISBN|978-90-04-28529-3}}.</ref>

* March &ndash; Mamluk forces under Sultan [[Qalawun]] ('''the Victorious''') capture the [[Latakia]], last remnant of the [[Principality of Antioch]]. The city port falls easily into his hands, but the defenders retire to the citadel at the mouth of the harbour. Finally, Qalawun forces the Crusader garrison to surrender on [[April 20]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 337. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

* Winter[[October 19]] &ndash; Two[[Bohemond unidentifiedVII 'merchants'of travelAntioch|Bohemond from [[AlexandriaVII]], toruler of [[CairoCounty of Tripoli|Tripoli]], todies warnchildless. QalawunHe ofis thesucceeded economicby dangershis posedsister by[[Lucia, GenoeseCountess dominationof inTripoli|Lucia]], thewho easternis married to [[MediterraneanCharles SeaI of Anjou|MediterraneanCharles I of Naples]],' whichformer leavesGrand theAdmiral, Mamluk[[Narjot tradede atToucy their(died mercy.1293)|Narjot Qalawunde Toucy]]. acceptsBut the invitationnobles, tonot intervene,pleased andwith breaksthis decision, offer the trucecounty withto Bohemond's mother, Dowager-Princess [[CountySibylla of Tripoli|TripoliArmenia]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', ppp. 339337–338. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

* AAn Aragonese fleet raids the Tunisian [[Kerkennah Islands]] in the [[Gulf of Gabès]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Meynier|first=Gilbert|title=L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)|year=2010|publisher=La Découverte|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-7071-5231-2|page=163}}</ref>

* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Nayan (Mongol prince)|Nayan]], Mongol prince of the [[Borjigin|Borjigin]] clan, revolts against the rule of [[Kublai Khan]]. Kublai leads a punitive expedition against Nayan in [[Manchuria]] and defeats his forces on [[July 16]].

* The Italian city of [[Republic of Siena|Siena]] exacts a forced loan onfrom its taxpayers for the first time, a common feature of medieval public finance.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref>

* Construction onof [[Uppsala Cathedral]] in [[Sweden]] begins (it lasts until [[1435]]).

* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March|Roger Mortimer]], English ''[[De facto|de facto]]'' ruler (d. [[1330]])

* [[Robert III of Artois|Robert III]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] ([[Capetian dynasty|House of Capet]]) (d. [[1342]])