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{{Short description|Vein running from the placenta to the fetus}}
{{Infobox Vein
| Name = Umbilical
| Latin = vena umbilicalis
| Image = Gray502.png
| Caption = [[Fetal circulation]]; the umbilical vein is the large, red vessel at the far left.
| Image2 = Gray977.png
| Caption2 = Human embryo
| DrainsTo = [[Inferior vena cava]]
▲| Artery = [[umbilical artery]]
}}
The '''umbilical vein''' is a [[vein]] present during [[fetal development]] that carries [[oxygenated blood]] from the [[placenta]]
The blood pressure inside the umbilical vein is approximately
==Fetal circulation==
The unpaired umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood derived from fetal-maternal blood exchange at the [[chorionic villi]]. More than two-thirds of
==Closure==
Within a week of birth, the infant's umbilical vein is completely obliterated and is replaced by a fibrous cord called the [[Round ligament of liver|round ligament of the liver]] (also called ''ligamentum teres hepatis''). It extends from the umbilicus to the transverse fissure, where it joins with the [[falciform ligament of the liver]] to separate the segment 4 from 2 & 3 of the left liverlob [[Lobe (anatomy)|lobes]].▼
Closure of the umbilical vein usually occurs after the [[umbilical arteries]] have closed. This prolongs the communication between the placenta and fetal heart, allowing for a sort of [[autotransfusion]] of remaining blood from the placenta to the fetus.
▲Within a week of birth, the
==Recanalization==
Under extreme [[blood pressure|pressure]], the round ligament may reopen to allow the passage of blood. Such recanalization may be evident in patients with [[cirrhosis]] and [[portal hypertension]]. Patients with cirrhosis experience rapid growth of [[scar|scar tissue]] in and around the liver, often functionally obstructing nearby vessels. [[Vessel occlusion]] increases [[vascular resistance]] and therefore leads to hypertension. In portal hypertension, the vessels surrounding the [[liver]] are subjected to abnormally high blood pressure—so high, in fact, that the force of the blood pressing against the round ligament is sufficient to recanalize the structure. This leads to a condition called [[
==Catheterization==
A newborn baby has a patent umbilical vein for at least a week after birth. This umbilical vein may be catheterised for ready intravenous access. It may be used as a site for regular transfusion in cases of [[erythroblastosis]] or [[hemolytic disease]]. It also provides a route for measuring central venous pressure.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOqXLFBQt_UC|title=A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children|last1=Coté|first1=Charles J.|last2=Lerman|first2=Jerrold|last3=Todres|first3=I. David|date=2009|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1416031345|language=en}}</ref>
==Additional images==
<gallery>
</gallery>
==See also==▼
*[[Human umbilical vein graft]]▼
*[[Ductus venosus]]▼
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{EmbryologyTemple|Heart98/heart97a/sld020}}
▲==See also==
▲*[[Human umbilical vein graft]]
▲*[[Ductus venosus]]
{{Veins}}
{{Extraembryonic and fetal membranes}}
{{Development of circulatory system}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Umbilical Vein}}
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