Totok: Difference between revisions

'''Totok''' is an Indonesian term of [[BahasaJavanese Indonesialanguage|Indonesian languageJavanese]] term of unknown origin colloquially, used in [[Indonesia]] to refer to individualsrecent migrants of foreign ([[DutchArab peopleIndonesians|DutchArab]], other [[European ethnic groups|European]] or [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]], descent)or who lived in the [[Dutch East Indies]] until [[Indonesian National Revolution|Indonesian independence]] inEuropean 1945origins.<ref name="Dutch">{{cite book | last = Ulbe Bosma & Remco Raben| authorlink = | title = Being "Dutch" in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500-19201500–1920| year = 2008|edition= 11 April 1996|pages= 186–286 | publisher = National University of Singapore Press| isbn= 978-0-89680-261-2}}</ref><ref>Charles A. Coppel, "Diaspora and hybridity: ''Peranakan'' Chinese culture in Indonesia", in ''Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora'', edited by Chee-Beng Tan, pp. 346-347</ref><!ref name="Mobini-Kesheh (1999)">{{cite book |last1=Mobini-Kesheh |first1=Natalie |title=The Hadrami Awakening: Community and Identity in the declarationNetherlands ofEast independenceIndies, was1900-1942 |date=1999 |publisher=SEAP Publications |location=Singapore |isbn=978-0-87727-727-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c45Xvsq2q4UC&dq=%22totok%22+peranakan+arabs&pg=PA134 |access-date=3 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rush (2007)">{{cite book |last1=Rush |first1=James R. |title=Opium to Java: Revenue Farming and Chinese Enterprise in 1945Colonial Indonesia, 1860-1910 |date=2007 |publisher=Equinox Publishing |location=Sheffield |isbn=978-979-3780-49-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SE6EbKaCR2gC&q=opium+to+java |access-date=3 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was popularised among colonists in [[History of Jakarta|Batavia]], who initially coined the term to describe the foreign born and new immigrants of "pure blood" -– as opposed to [[Eurasianpeople of (mixed ancestry)|Eurasianindigenous and foreign descent, such as the ''[[Peranakan]]s'' Arabs, Chinese or Europeans (the latter being better known as the [[Indo people|Indo]]s).<ref name="Mobini-Kesheh (1999)" /><ref>Willems, Wim "Tjalie Robinson; Biografie van een Indo-schrijver" Chapter: Een Totok als vader (Publisher: Bert Bakker, 2008) Pp. 45 {{ISBN|9789035133099}}.</ref> When more Dutchmen were born in the East Indies, the term gained significance in describing those of exclusive European ancestry, or local creoles closer to that side of the racial spectrum.<ref name="DutchRush (2007)" />

* [[Albert Alberts]] (1911-19951911–1995), award winning author, journalist

* [[Beb Bakhuys]] (1909-19821909–1982), football player and manager

* [[Jeroen Brouwers]] (b. 1940-2022), author

* [[Conrad Busken Huet]] (1826-18861826–1886), newspaper editor on Java (1868-18761868–1876)

* [[Paulus Adrianus Daum|P. A. Daum]] (1850-18981850–1898), newspaperman, author

* [[Johan Fabricius]] (1899-19811899–1981), author of ''De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe'' (1923)

* [[Anthony Fokker]] (Blitar, Java, 18901890–1939), aviation pioneer

* [[Hella Haasse]] (Batavia, Java, 19181918–2011), award winning author

* [[Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema]] (Surabaya, Java, 19171917–2007), decorated World War II hero

* [[W. R. van Hoëvell]] (1812-18791812–1879), church minister of Batavia, political activist (1838-18481838–1848)

* [[Xaviera Hollander]] (b. 1943), author

* [[Rudy Kousbroek]] (1929–2010), author

* [[Liesbeth List]] (b. 1941), singer

* [[Multatuli]] (1820-18871820–1887), resident on Ambon and Java (1838-18581838–1858), iconic author

* [[Willem Oltmans]] (1925–2004), journalist, author

* [[Helga Ruebsamen]] (1934-20161934–2016), author

* [[F. Springer]] (1932-20111932–2011), author

* [[Bram van der Stok]] (Plaju, Sumatra, 1915-19931915–1993), decorated World War II hero

* [[Madelon Szekely-Lulofs]] (Surabaya, 1899-19581899–1958) author of ''[[Rubber (1936 film)|Rubber]]''(1931)<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/titels/titel.php?id=szek002rubb01 ''Rubber'' by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website.]</ref> and ''Koelie'' (1931)<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/titels/titel.php?id=szek002koel01 ''Koelie'' by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website.].</ref>

* [[Peter Tazelaar]] (Bukittingi, Sumatra, 1922-19931922–1993), decorated World War II hero

* [[Edgar Vos]] (Makassar, 1931-19102010), fashion designer

* [[Margaretha Geertruida Zelle]] (1876-19171876–1917), known as [[Mata Hari]], exotic dancer, spy

* [[Afrikaner]]

* [[Indo people]]

* [[Indos in colonial history]]

* [[Indos in pre-colonial history]]

*{{id icon}} Sastrowardoyo, Subagio ''Sastra Hindia Belanda dan kita'' (Publisher: PT [[Balai Pustaka]], Jakarta, 1990) P.21 {{ISBN|979-407-278-8}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=8Q5exzqm34EC&dqq=Sastra+Hindia+Belanda+dan+kita&source=gbs_navlinks_s p. 21] {{ISBN|979-407-278-8}} {{in lang|id}}

* Taylor, Jean Gelman. ''IndonesiaThe Social World of Batavia: PeoplesEuropean and HistoriesEurasian in Dutch Asia'' (New HavenMadison: YaleThe University of Wisconsin Press, 20031983). {{ISBN|03000970939780300097092}}

*{{nl icon}} BosmanTaylor, UlbeJean and Raben, RemcoGelman. ''DeIndonesia: oudePeoples Indische wereldand 1500-1920Histories''. (BertNew BakkerHaven: Yale University Press, Amsterdam 2003). {{ISBN|90-351-2572-X0300097093}}

* [http://indocentric.weebly.com/indo-hall-of-fame.html Totok Hall of Fame website.]. Retrieved 13 Mar 2012.

[[Category:Dutch East Indies society]]