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{{About|the area in the United States|the metropolitan district in England|City of Birmingham}}
The '''Birmingham District''' is a [[Geology|geological]] area in the vicinity of [[Birmingham, Alabama]], where the raw materials for making [[steel]] - [[limestone]], [[iron ore]], and [[coal]] - are found together in abundance. The district includes [[Red Mountain (Alabama)|Red Mountain]], Jones Valley, and the Warrior and [[Cahaba Basin|Cahaba]] coal fields in [[Central Alabama]].
==Industrial development==
The industrial development of these resources began, in limited fashion, before the [[American Civil War]] (attracting the attention of [[Wilson's Raid|Wilson's Raiders]] in the course of that conflict).
Beginning in
By the end of the 19th century, Birmingham was the third-largest exporter of [[pig iron]] in the world, producing 3/4 of United States exports. The region was also a major exporter of coal, and, as technology advanced, became a major steel producing district. With a few notable exceptions such as cast iron pipes and fittings, most of the district's economic output was in basic materials rather than in finished consumer products.
==Documentation and preservation==
As the steel-making industry has diminished in its economic importance to the district, many of the sites have been abandoned or dismantled. [[Industrial archaeology|Preservationists]] are attempting to document and preserve the physical evidence of Birmingham's industrial history. In the spring of 1993 a large-scale survey was undertaken for the [[Birmingham Historical Society]] and the [[Historic American Buildings Survey]]/[[Historic American Engineering Record]]. The results of that survey were published in the book ''Birmingham Bound''.
==See also==
*[[Aldrich Coal Mine Museum]]
*[[American Cast Iron Pipe Company]]
*[[Automotive Historic District]]
*[[Birmingham Southern Railroad]]
*[[Boshell's Mill]]
*[[Brierfield Furnace]]
*[[Brookside, Alabama]]
*[[Dora, Alabama]]
*[[Drummond Company]]
*[[Finley Roundhouse]]
*[[Flintridge Building]]
*[[Heart of Dixie Railroad Museum]]
*[[Holt Lock and Dam]]
*[[Iron & Steel Museum of Alabama]]
*[[James H. Miller Jr. Electric Generating Plant]]
*[[McWane]]
*[[Norfolk and Western 611]]
*[[Norfolk and Western 1218]]
*[[O'Neal Steel]]
*[[Pyne Mine]]
*[[Red Mountain Expressway Cut]]
*[[Republic Steel]]
*[[Ruffner Mountain Nature Preserve]]
*[[Shelby Iron Company]]
*[[Sloss Furnaces]]
*[[Sloss Mines]]
*[[Tannehill Furnace]]
*[[Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company]]
*[[Vulcan statue]]
*[[Wilson Dam]]
*[[Woodward Iron Company]]
==References==
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==External links==
*[[Historic American Engineering Record]] (HAER) documentation, filed under Bessemer, Jefferson County, AL:
**{{HAER |survey=AL-31 |id=al1006 |title=Pullman Standard Company Plant |photos=1 |data=3 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-32 |id=al1007 |title=United States Pipe & Foundry Company Plant |photos=18 |color=2 |dwgs=16 |data=42 |cap=3 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-33-A |id=al1145 |title=F. S. Royster Guano Company, Plant |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-33-B |id=al1146 |title=F. S. Royster Guano Company, Shed |photos=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-50 |id=al1060 |title=Wenonah Headquarters Building |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-51 |id=al1061 |title=Concord Mine |photos=5 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-66 |id=al1084 |title=Gibson Sheet Metal Works & Western Rope & Fittings, Incorporated |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-90 |id=al1037 |title=Muscoda Red Ore Mining Community |photos=3 |data=6 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-93 |id=al1040 |title=Worker Houses |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-94 |id=al1042 |title=Black Worker Houses |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-95 |id=al1043 |title=Company School for Blacks |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-96 |id=al1044 |title=Company School for Whites |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-98 |id=al1134 |title=New Village Worker Houses |photos=1 |color=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-125 |id=al1178 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Bessemer Foundry |photos=5 |dwgs=9 |data=49 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-125-A |id=al1179 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Melting |photos=12 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-125 B |id=al1180 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Mold Making |photos=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-125-C |id=al1181 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Core Making |photos=10 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-125-D |id=al1182 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Casting |photos=15 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-125-E |id=al1183 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Shaking, Degating, and Sand Systems |photos=5 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-125-F |id=al1197 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Grinding and Shipping |photos=3 |cap=1 |link=no}}
*HAER documentation, filed under Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL:
**{{HAER |survey=AL-11 |id=al0908 |title=Birmingham District Railroads |dwgs=2 |data=73 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-13 |id=al0910 |title=Hardie-Tynes Manufacturing Company |photos=19 |dwgs=5 |data=30 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-45 |id=al1050 |title=Valley View Red Ore Mine |photos=2 |data=13 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-49 |id=al1054 |title=Stockham Pipe & Fittings Company |photos=30 |dwgs=9 |data=37 |cap=5 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-55 |id=al1065 |title=Republic Steel, Spaulding Red Ore Mine (Ruins) |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-56 |id=al1066 |title=Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Company Coke Works-North Birmingham |photos=5 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-57 |id=al1067 |title=Railroad Reservation |photos=3 |data=3 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-67 |id=al1085 |title=East Thomas-Frisco Railroad Yards |photos=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-68 |id=al1086 |title=Twentieth Street Underpass |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-69-A |id=al1092 |title=Lawler Machine & Foundry Company |photos=10 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-80-A |id=al1109 |title=Pratt Coal & Coke Company, Pratt Mines, Coke Ovens & Railroad |photos=2 |data=5 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-80-B |id=al1110 |title=Pratt Coal & Coke Company, Pratt Mines, Tailings Pile |photos=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-80-C |id=al1048 |title=Pratt Coal & Coke Company, Pratt Mines, Convict Cemetery |photos=1 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-86 |id=al1122 |title=High Line Railroad |photos=11 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-105 |id=al1159 |title=Birmingham Industrial District |dwgs=1 |data=90 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-109 |id=al0998 |title=Pratt Mines, Fraternal Cemetery |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-119 |id=al1003 |title=Ishkooda Community |photos=2 |data=3 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-126 |id=al1185 |title=U.S. Pipe Plant |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-135 |id=al1222 |title=Birmingham (Commercial Streetscapes) |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
*Other HAER documentation:
**{{HAER |survey=AL-12 |id=al0909 |title=Gulf, Mobile & Ohio Railroad Bridge, Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa County, AL |photos=18 |data=4 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-14 |id=al0911 |title=Thomas By-Product Coke Works, Thomas, Jefferson County, AL |photos=136 |dwgs=7 |data=41 |cap=7 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-16 |id=al0913 |title=Billy Gould Coal Mine and Coke Ovens, Helena, Shelby County, AL |photos=5 |dwgs=1 |data=12 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-21 |id=al0918 |title=Empire Coke Plant, Holt, Tuscaloosa County, AL |photos=10 |data=4 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-24 |id=al0921 |title=Frisco Tunnel, Dora, Walker County, AL |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-34 |id=al1008 |title=Wade Sand & Gravel Company, Thomas, Jefferson County, AL |photos=5 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-40 |id=al1015 |title=Norris Steam Restoration Shop, Irondale, Jefferson County, AL |photos=2 |data=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-43 |id=al1026 |title=Warrior River, Lock No. 3 Wall, Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa County, AL |photos=2 |data=5 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-46 |id=al1051 |title=United States Nitrate Plant No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL |photos=74 |dwgs=7 |data=66 |cap=6 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-62 |id=al1072 |title=Linn Crossing Trestle Bridge, Linn Crossing, Jefferson County, AL |photos=1 |data=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-63 |id=al1073 |title=Louisville & Nashville Railway, Cahaba River Bridge, Helena, Shelby County, AL |photos=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-65 |id=al1083 |title=Olon Belcher Lumber Mill, Brent, Bibb County, AL |photos=10 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-78 |id=al1105 |title=Vulcan Material Company, Calera Quarry, Calera, Shelby County, AL |photos=2 |color=1 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-79 |id=al1106 |title=Jim Walter Resources, Incorporated, Brookwood No. 5 Mine, Brookwood, Tuscaloosa County, AL |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-79-A |id=al1107 |title=Jim Walter Resources, Incorporated, Brookwood No. 5 Mine, Control Operations Room |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-81-A |id=al1111 |title=Louisville & Nashville Railway, Boyles Roundhouse, Tarrant City, Jefferson County, AL |photos=4 |data=2 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-82 |id=al1112 |title=Central Iron Foundry, Holt, Tuscaloosa County, AL |photos=8 |data=5 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-82-A |id=al1113 |title=Central Iron Foundry, Hot Strip Mill Building |photos=8 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-82-B |id=al1114 |title=Central Iron Foundry, Plate Mill Building |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-87|id=al1123 |title=Warrior Southern Railway Bridge |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-108 |id=al1029 |title=Alabama State Docks, Cordova, Walker County, AL |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-111 |id=al0939 |title=214 Second Street (House), Thomas, Jefferson County, AL |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-112 |id=al0941 |title=303 Third Street (House), Thomas, Jefferson County, AL |photos=6 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-113 |id=al0940 |title=355 Third Street (House), Thomas, Jefferson County, AL |photos=7 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-114 |id=al1058 |title=219 Second Street (House), Thomas, Jefferson County, AL |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-115 |id=al1059 |title=223 Second Street (House), Thomas, Jefferson County, AL |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-127 |id=al0968 |title=Farrington Hall, Aldrich, Shelby County, AL |photos=1 |data=3 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-128 |id=al1116 |title=Superintendent's House, Aldrich, Shelby County, AL |photos=1 |color=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=AL-130 |id=al1198 |title=Southern Ductile Casting Company, Centerville Foundry, Centreville, Bibb County, AL |photos=15 |cap=2 |link=no}}
{{Alabama}}
{{Alabama-geo-stub}}
{{coord|33|31|N|86|48|W|display=title}}
[[Category:Geography of Birmingham, Alabama]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Alabama]]
[[Category:Industrial history of the United States]]
[[Category:Regions of Alabama]]
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