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{{Short description|French biologist (1822–1895)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}{{Infobox scientist
| image = Girard Charles Frédéric 1822-1895.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1822|4|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[MulhouseMullhouse]], [[France]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1895|1|29|1822|4|8|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]]
| residencecitizenship = [[France|French]] =and American
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[France|French]]
| ethnicity =
| fields = {{Unbulleted list|[[Biology]]|[[Herpetology]]|[[Ichthyology]]}}
| workplaces = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| alma_matereducation = College of [[Neuchâtel]], [[Georgetown University]]
| awards = [[Cuvier Prize]] (1859)of the [[Institut de France]]
| author_abbrev_zoo = '''Girard'''
}}
'''Charles Frédéric Girard''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁl fʁedeʁik ʒiʁaʁ}}; 8 March 1822 – 29 January 1895) was a French [[biologist]] specializing in [[ichthyology]] and [[herpetology]].
 
== Biography ==
BornGirard was born on 8 March 1822 in [[Mulhouse]], France,. heHe studied at the College of [[Neuchâtel]], Switzerland, as a student of [[Louis Agassiz]]. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to [[Harvard University]]. Three years later, [[Spencer Fullerton Baird]] called him to the [[Smithsonian Institution]] to work on its growing collection of North American reptiles, amphibians and fishes. He worked at the museum for the next ten years and published numerous papers, many in collaboration with Baird.<ref name ="smithsonhian">{{cite web |title=Charles Girard, Ichthyology at the Smithsonian, 1850-1900 |url=http://vertebrates.si.edu/fishes/ichthyology_history/ichs_colls/girard_charles.html |website=National Museum of Natural History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727153342/http://vertebrates.si.edu/fishes/ichthyology_history/ichs_colls/girard_charles.html |archive-date=27 July 2016}}</ref>
 
In 1854, he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen. Besides his work at the Smithsonian, he managed to earn an [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] from [[Georgetown University]] in Washington, D.C. in 1856. In 1859 he returned to France and was awarded the [[Cuvier Prize]] by the [[Institute of France]] for his work on the North American reptiles and fishes two years later.<ref name ="smithsonhian"/>
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When the [[American Civil War]] broke out, he joined the [[Confederate States of America|Confederates]] as an agent for surgical and medical supplies. After the war, he remained in France and started a medical career. During the [[Franco-Prussian War]] he served as a military physician and published an important paper on the [[typhoid fever]] after the [[Siege of Paris (1870–71)|siege of Paris]]. He remained active as a medical doctor until ca. 1888. In the following three years, he published a few more papers on natural history.<ref name ="smithsonhian"/>
 
He retired in 1891, and spent the rest of his life in [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], where he died inon 29 January 1895.<ref name ="smithsonhian"/>
__NOTOC__
 
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==See also==
*[[:Category:Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard|Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard]]
 
==References==
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[[Category:Harvard University staff]]
[[Category:Georgetown University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:PeopleScientists from Mulhouse]]
[[Category:19th-century American zoologists]]
[[Category:19th-century French zoologists]]
[[Category:American herpetologists]]
[[Category:American ichthyologists]]
[[Category:French emigrants to the United States]]
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