Content deleted Content added
→Safety: External link |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Added date. Removed URL that duplicated identifier. Removed access-date with no URL. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Superegz | Category:Cycling by populated place | #UCB_Category 5/22 |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 24:
In 2001 Copenhagen formulated its first bicycle strategy with the publishing of ''Cycle Policy 2002 – 2012'' as a way to prioritize cycling in [[Urban planning|city planning]], signal its importance to the city, and to coordinate initiatives for improvements of cycling conditions. The city also vowed to use bicycle accounts to follow up on the goals set forth the cycle policy.
<ref>{{cite web
The next development of the municipal bicycle policy came with the release of the ''Cycle Track Priority Plan 2006–2016'' which states the order in which almost {{convert|70|km}} of new cycle tracks and cycle lanes will be established in the 10 years covered by plan. The expansion of the bicycle network are prioritized by a number of indicators: the number of cyclists, accidents, sense of safety, coherence in the network and coordination with other projects done by the city. In 2009 the estimated cost of implementing the plan amounted to DKK 400 million.
Line 50:
The Copenhagen City Heart Study involved 19,698 Copenhagen inhabitants aged 20–100 years in a cardiovascular [[population study]] and concluded that cycling at high or average speed increases [[life expectancy]] of the participants by 5 and 3 years respectively compared to those who cycle at low speed (4 and 2 respectively for women).
<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Peter|last1=Schnohr|first2=Jacob L.|last2=Marott|first3=Jan S.|last3=Jensen|first4=Gorm B.|last4=Jensen|title=Intensity versus duration of cycling, impact on all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Since the [[Health system|health care system]] in Denmark is both [[Universal health care|universal]] and tax payer funded, a major driver in the economics of bicycle promotion and investments, comes from savings in the health care system. One study has shown a decrease in [[Mortality rate|mortality]] of 30% among adults who commute by bicycle daily. And the city estimates that for each kilometre cycled society saves 1.21 DKK in the health care system, added up that amounts to approximately DKK 534 million (US$91 million) of savings per year,<ref name="Bicycle Account 2010" /> in addition society gains from increased productivity of a healthier work force.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cameron|first=Scott|title=Biking boosts worker productivity|url=http://blog.sfgate.com/green/2011/08/22/biking-boosts-worker-productivity/|newspaper=SFGate|date=22 August 2011}}</ref> Other savings come from reduced congestion and lower road infrastructure maintenance costs.<ref>{{cite book|title=CBA of Cycling|year=2005|publisher=Nordic Council of Ministers|isbn=92-893-1209-2|pages=8|url=http://www.thepep.org/ClearingHouse/docfiles/CBA%20on%20cycling%20nordic%20council%20report%202005.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100209/http://www.thepep.org/ClearingHouse/docfiles/CBA%20on%20cycling%20nordic%20council%20report%202005.pdf|archive-date=28 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
=== Economic impact ===
The bicycle culture of Copenhagen brings both direct and derived economic benefits to the city. The city has estimated that every kilometre cycled brings a net gain for society of 1.22 DKK (US$0.21 per mile), compared to a net loss of 0.69 DKK for every kilometer driven in a car (US$0.12 per mile). These numbers include both savings in the public sector, and additional economic activity in the private sector.<ref name="Bicycle Account 2010" />▼
[[File:Larry vs Harry Miss Bullitt.jpg|thumb|right|Deep front loading cargo bicycle ''Bullitt'' since 2008 by Larry vs. Harry, Copenhagen (2018)]]
In the private sector there are 289 [[Local bike shop|bicycle shops]] and [[wholesale]] dealers in greater Copenhagen, as well as 20 companies that design and sell bicycles, mainly the city's signature [[cargo bike]]s, such as Christiania Bikes (Boxcycles in the U.S.), [[Nihola]] and Larry vs Harry, and luxury bike brands as [[Biomega (bicycles)|Biomega]] and [[Velorbis]]. These firms generate 650 full-time jobs and a total estimated annual [[Revenue|turnover]] of DKK 1.3 billion (US$222 million).<ref name="Bicycle Account 2010" />▼
▲The bicycle culture of Copenhagen brings both direct and derived economic benefits to the city. The city has estimated that every kilometre cycled brings a net gain for society of 1.22 DKK (US$0.21 per mile), compared to a net loss of 0.69 DKK for every
▲In the private sector there are 289 [[Local bike shop|bicycle shops]] and [[wholesale]] dealers in greater Copenhagen, as well as 20 companies that design and sell bicycles, mainly the city's signature [[cargo bike]]s, such as Christiania Bikes (Boxcycles in the U.S.), [[Nihola]] and [[Larry vs Harry]] (Bullitt) , and luxury bike brands as [[Biomega (bicycles)|Biomega]] and [[Velorbis]]. These firms generate 650 full-time jobs and a total estimated annual [[Revenue|turnover]] of DKK 1.3 billion (US$222 million).<ref name="Bicycle Account 2010" />
Add to this the various forms of [[#Utility cycling|utility cycling]] in the city and specialized [[Consultant|consultancy services]], provided both partly by the public sector though the city itself and the [[Cycling Embassy of Denmark|cycling embassy]] to promote private sector solutions internationally, but also directly by private sector consultants, most notably Copenhagenize Consulting and [[Gehl Architects]]. The [[tourism]] sector is also regarded to both receive and provide additional economic benefits to the city. There are many [[Bike rental|bicycle rental shops]] which mainly cater to visitors and there are also a number of agencies providing bicycle tours of Copenhagen, creating additional jobs and economic activity. In addition, the positive branding effect of Copenhagen's bicycle culture is estimated to attract international conferences and hotel guests, although the city finds it difficult to assign a precise economic value to the positive branding of Copenhagen as a cycling city.<ref name="Bicycle Account 2010" />
Line 69 ⟶ 72:
As in many other cities, another common phenomenon is [[bicycle messenger]]s. A unique Copenhagen twist on the business that has been making rounds in the news and [[blogosphere]] is the famous custom build semen delivery bike from a local [[sperm bank]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Seinfeld|first=Keith|title=Custom Cycle Ferries Sperm To Fertility Clinics|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/11/06/142037660/custom-cycle-ferries-sperm-to-fertility-clinics|newspaper=NPR|date=6 November 2011}}</ref> In addition, virtually all mail delivered by the [[Post Danmark|Danish postal service]] is done on custom build bicycles, recently the company has introduced larger and more efficient [[Electric bicycle|electric cargo bikes]], which won the "Innovation of the Year" prize at the annual post expo in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=nihola Bikes and the Danish Post have won the category Last Mile Delivery Innovation of the Year|url=http://www.nihola.com/news-article/artiklen//nihola-bikes-and-the-danish-post-have-won-the-category-last-mile-delivery-innovation-of-the-year-awa.html|publisher=Nihola press release|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012010017/http://www.nihola.com/news-article/artiklen//nihola-bikes-and-the-danish-post-have-won-the-category-last-mile-delivery-innovation-of-the-year-awa.html|archive-date=12 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Since 1 March 2009, Copenhagen has had [[police]] patrolling on [[Police bicycle|bicycles]]. Besides being a quick and efficient means of transportation, it has been found to increase visibility and to improve contact with citizens.<ref>{{cite news|last=Scheelsbeck|first=Mia Qvist|title=Betjente på jernhest er en succes|url=http://jp.dk/indland/kbh/article1842963.ece|newspaper=Jyllandsposten|date=7 October 2009|language=da|access-date=30 October 2009|archive-date=9 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009202747/http://jp.dk/indland/kbh/article1842963.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other professions using cycling in their everyday work in Copenhagen include municipal [[home care|supportive home caretaker]]s who are required to be proficient bicyclists to be hired,<ref>{{cite news|last=Falkenstrøm|first=Gry Waagner|title=Flere indvandrere lærer at cykle for at få praktik|url=http://www.navisen.dk/node/753|newspaper=NetAvisen|date=29 March 2012|language=da}}</ref> the city also employs a large number of [[Street sweeper]]s on specially build cargo bikes,<ref>{{cite web|title=Fremtidig anvendelse af kælder under Hauser Plads|url=http://www.kk.dk/eDoc/Borgerrepr%C3%A6sentationen/27-08-2009%2017.30.00/Referat/02-10-2009%2010.30.49/4808968.PDF|publisher=City of Copenhagen|date=October 2009|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020085932/http://www.kk.dk/eDoc/Borgerrepr%C3%A6sentationen/27-08-2009%2017.30.00/Referat/02-10-2009%2010.30.49/4808968.PDF|archive-date=20 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and certain departments of the municipal administration requires certain trips, e.g. between meetings to be done by bicycle or foot, in accordance with the city's climate plan.<ref name="Copenhagen climate plan">{{cite web|title=Copenhagen Climate Plan|url=http://www.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/LivingInCopenhagen/~/media/558FF07CE64041AE85437BB71D9EDF49.ashx|publisher=City of Copenhagen|date=August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724002848/http://www.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/LivingInCopenhagen/~/media/558FF07CE64041AE85437BB71D9EDF49.ashx|archive-date=24 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Infrastructure ==
Line 102 ⟶ 105:
[[File:Nørreport Station 10.JPG|thumb|Parking bicycles near Nørreport Station]]
Although visitors may be surprised by the apparently large number of [[Bicycle parking|cycle parking facilities]] in Copenhagen, there is in fact a severe lack of available cycle stands, and among the subjective indicators measured by the city, bicycle parking fares worst, with only 29% being satisfied with the facilities.<ref name="Bicycle Account 2010" /><ref name=otz>Otzen, Ellen. "[https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29601069 Copenhagen's piles of bicycles]" [[BBC News]], 13 October 2014. Accessed: 14 October 2014.<!--further links--></ref> There are approximately 560.000 bicycles in the city of Copenhagen, more bicycles than people,<ref>{{cite web|title=Copenhageners love their bikes|url=http://denmark.dk/en/green-living/bicycle-culture/copenhageners-love-their-bikes/|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923095100/http://denmark.dk/en/green-living/bicycle-culture/copenhageners-love-their-bikes|url-status=dead}}</ref> yet they share only 48.000 bicycle stands.<ref name="Bicycle Account 2010" /> With a view to remedying the situation, in 2008 the Danish Cyclists Federation published a "Bicycling Parking Manual" with a number of guidelines. They are of immediate practical use to today's users but they also offer advice for city planners wishing to improve facilities in the future.<ref>[http://www.celis.dk/Bicycle_Parking_Manual_Screenversion.pdf "Bicycle Parking Manual"], Danish Cyclists Federation, 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2010</ref> A number of projects have been launched to ease Copenhagen's notorious shortage of bicycle parking spaces, particularly at [[transport hub]]s. While the city expects there will always be more bicycles in Copenhagen than parking spots, it hopes to increase satisfaction with bicycle parking significantly by 2025, through a coordinated effort to improve conditions and facilities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cykelparkering|url=http://www.kk.dk/Borger/ByOgTrafik/CyklernesBy/CykelAnlaegsProjekter/OevrigeProjekter/Cykelparkering.aspx|publisher=City of Copenhagen|access-date=20 July 2012}}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
=== Integration ===
[[File:Copenhagen biketrain collage.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Bicycle integration in the S-train system]]
Bicycles have been admitted on the city's [[S-train|train network]] for some time to facilitate [[mixed-mode commuting]], and in 2010, the [[DSB (railway company)|state railways]] (DSB), made it free to bring bicycles on the train. Since then the number of passengers bringing a bicycle on the train have more than tripled, growing from 2.1 million to 7.3 million in 2012. To accommodate the growing number of bikes, DSB rebuilt all their S-trains by adding an extra carriage specifically for bikes, while keeping the flexible compartments at each end of the train to accommodate bicycles, as well as prams and wheelchairs, and increased capacity from 22 to 46 bicycles per train.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press release: Ekstra plads til cykler i S-toget|date=24 April 2012|url=http://www.dsb.dk/om-dsb/presse/nyheder/ekstra-plads-til-cykler-i-s-toget/|publisher=DSB|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gram|first=Helene|title=X-tra bikes on the S-train|url=http://www.cycling-embassy.dk/2011/06/29/x-tra-bikes-on-the-s-train/|date=29 June 2011|publisher=Cycling Embassy of Denmark|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-date=7 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507145629/http://www.cycling-embassy.dk/2011/06/29/x-tra-bikes-on-the-s-train/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Building on the success, DSB has launched additional bicycle initiatives such as opening bike shops in 10 stations, where customers can leave bikes for repair on their morning commute and retrieve them on their way home. The company has also introduced various bicycle discounts in their [[loyalty program]]me, vowed to install ramps on all stairs and drastically expand bicycle parking at stations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Service announcement: s-tog og cykler|url=http://www.dsb.dk/s-tog/kampagner/s-tog-og-cykler/|publisher=DSB|language=da}}</ref>
Other trains serving the metropolitan area, including the [[Copenhagen Metro|metro]], also accept bikes. Bicycles are permitted on the city's [[water taxi|water buses]], known as the [[Copenhagen Harbour Buses]], and since 2011 it has also been possible to bring bicycles on the city's network of commuter express buses, labelled S-Buses, but unlike the s-train they levy a fee of DKK 12 (approx. USD 2), and only commuter trains — along with the s-trains — are exempt from a rush hour [[curfew]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Press release: Bussen giver cyklen et lift|url=http://www.moviatrafik.dk/presse/meddelelser/2011/Pages/Bussen-giver-cyklen-et-lift.aspx|publisher=Movia|language=da|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130212232325/http://www.moviatrafik.dk/presse/meddelelser/2011/Pages/Bussen-giver-cyklen-et-lift.aspx|archive-date=12 February 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In addition 15% of train passengers in the metropolitan region cycle to the station.<ref>{{cite book|title=Idékatalog for bedre samspil mellem cyklen og den kollektive trafik|date=August 2009|url=http://www.trafikstyrelsen.dk/DA/Kollektiv-Trafik/Trafikale-analyser/~/media/71D96BC54CAB4223807B827F36546CA2.ashx|publisher=Danish Transport Authority|isbn=978-87-91726-48-4|language=da|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-date=12 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012010938/http://www.trafikstyrelsen.dk/DA/Kollektiv-Trafik/Trafikale-analyser/~/media/71D96BC54CAB4223807B827F36546CA2.ashx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Taxicab|Taxis]] are required by law to carry a [[Bicycle carrier|bike rack]], and passengers can bring a bicycle for a small fee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bekendtgørelse om særlige krav til taxier mv. § 10, Stk. 6.|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=22551|publisher=The Danish Parliament|language=da}}</ref>
==== Public bicycles ====
Copenhagen currently offers ''Bycyklen'', a [[bicycle sharing system]] which launched on 1 April 2014 with [[electric bicycle]]s equipped with a GPS routing device. Unlike its predecessor, [[Copenhagen City Bikes]], this system is not free.
While the previous system, [[Copenhagen City Bikes]], was considered one of the first examples of modern bike share systems, it was also of little or no use to commuters, and was mainly seen as serving tourists and casual users since it was primarily designed to prevent bike theft.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bycyklens Historie |url=http://www.bycyklen.dk/dansk/nyhederhistorie/bycyklenshistorie.aspx |publisher=Fonden Bycyklen I København |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427032123/http://www.bycyklen.dk/dansk/nyhederhistorie/bycyklenshistorie.aspx |archive-date=27 April 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> This was set to change with the city's new bike share system opening in 2013, which should be designed specifically for commuters, in order to function as a range extender for the public transit system. With that in mind, the cities of Copenhagen and [[Frederiksberg Municipality|Frederiksberg]] have appointed the operator of the S-train system, [[DSB (railway company)|DSB]] to both [[Call for bids|tender]] and subsequently run the system.<ref>[http://www.bycyklen.dk/english/thecitybikeandcopenhagen.aspx Bycyklen København: The citybike projekt in Copenhagen is closed] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220111452/http://www.bycyklen.dk/english/thecitybikeandcopenhagen.aspx |date=20 December 2008 }}</ref> In 2013, a new system, [[Bycyklen]], provided by Gobike has been put into function,<ref>[http://byogpendlercyklen.dk/en/ Bycyklen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401193017/http://byogpendlercyklen.dk/en/ |date=1 April 2014 }}</ref> once fully installed it will provide 1,260 modern bikes with aluminium [[Bicycle frame|frame]], adjustable [[Bicycle seat|seat]]-height and [[Global Positioning System|GPS-guidance]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gobike.com/Solution |title=gobike.com: The solution |access-date=23 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610205616/http://gobike.com/Solution |archive-date=10 June 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>▼
▲While
== Influence ==
Line 121 ⟶ 125:
Copenhagen's relatively well-developed [[bicycle culture]] has given rise to the term ''[[Copenhagenization (bicycling)|Copenhagenization]]''. This is the practice where other cities try to follow the example Copenhagen has set in recent decades, by moving from their own (often long-held) car-centric transport policies to those that attempt to greatly increase the number of journeys by bicycle; they do this by developing bicycle infrastructure and/or improving their current bicycle infrastructure just as Copenhagen has done and continues to do.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/b0222c68d27626e2ca256c8c001a3d2d/6755f8108f4ff605ca2570700001e087!OpenDocument|title=Media Release: Copenhagen Comes To Swanston Street|publisher=Minister for Health, Victorian Government|access-date=5 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021070846/http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/b0222c68d27626e2ca256c8c001a3d2d/6755f8108f4ff605ca2570700001e087!OpenDocument|archive-date=21 October 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> An example of a city which has introduced bike lanes acknowledging inspiration from Copenhagen is [[Melbourne]] in Australia where kerbside bike lanes separated from moving and parked cars by a low concrete kerb are referred to as 'Copenhagen lanes'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bicyclenetwork.com.au/general/change-the-world/11629/|title=Inner: Swanston RMIT to Melbourne University|publisher=Bicycle Victoria|access-date=23 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417230448/http://www.bicyclenetwork.com.au/general/change-the-world/11629/|archive-date=17 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://skullcycles.com/copenhagen-style-bicycle-lanes/|title=Copenhagen style bicycle lanes|publisher=Skull Cycles|access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref> The concept of ''Copenhagenization'' has been featured by [[CNN]]s [[Richard Quest]] in the ''Futures Cities'' series<ref name=CNN>{{cite news|title='Copenhagenization' in the Danish Capital|url=http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/07/tackling-copenhagens-traffic-with-bicycles/|publisher=CNN|access-date=23 July 2012|date=7 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202050319/http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/07/tackling-copenhagens-traffic-with-bicycles/|archive-date=2 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and on [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]'s Earthrise series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cycle City|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/earthrise/2011/11/20111117153115771132.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=23 July 2012}}</ref>
In 2007 Copenhagen-based Danish [[urban design]] consultant [[Jan Gehl]] was hired by the [[New York City Department of Transportation]] to re-imagine [[New York City]] streets by introducing designs to improve life for pedestrians and cyclists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Penge/2007/10/05/064448.htm |title=Danske cykelstier i New York|date=5 October 2007 |publisher=DR Online|access-date=5 January 2009}}</ref> In this connection, Gehl took NYC planning chief Amanda Burden and transportation czar [[Janette Sadik-Khan]] on a bike trip around Copenhagen to show them what could be done for New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/40345/|title=Gehl on Wheels|date=21 September 2007 |publisher=New York News & Features|access-date=23 June 2009}}</ref> Former British transport minister [[Andrew Adonis]] has also cycled the streets of Copenhagen in search of inspiration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.copenhagenize.com/2009/09/british-transport-minister-in.html|title=British Transport Minister in Copenhagen|publisher=copenhagenize.com|access-date=23 June 2009}}</ref> As a result of Russian president [[Dmitri Medvedev]]'s favorable impressions of Copenhagen's biking system during his visit to Denmark, 14 city bikes were sent to [[St Petersburg]] at the beginning of June 2010 where they will be available to citizens on an experimental basis. Medvedev believes the city bike approach could reduce traffic congestion in the city.<ref>[http://www.dr.dk/Regioner/Kbh/Nyheder/Koebenhavn/2010/06/01/115107.htm "Bycykler sendes til Rusland"], ''Danmarks Radio P4''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 8 June 2010.</ref> The Danish pavilion at the [[Expo 2010|2010 World Expo in Shanghai]] had been specially designed by [[Bjarke Ingels|BIG Architects]]. It allowed visitors to gain experience of cycling in Copenhagen by taking one of its 300 city bikes along the cycle paths which were incorporated throughout the structure.<ref>[http://www.inhabitat.com/2010/05/03/big-unveils-spiraling-cycling-pavilion-in-shanghai/ Mike Chino, "BIG Unveils Spiraling Cycling Pavilion in Shanghai"], ''Inhabitat''. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</ref> and city has since signed its first [[sister cities]] agreement with [[Beijing]] with a major goal of the cooperation being to provide inspiration to Beijing on how it can reintroduce the bicycle as a major mode of transport in the city.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Wetherhold|first=Sherley|title=The Bicycle as Symbol of China's Transformation|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/06/the-bicycle-as-symbol-of-chinas-transformation/259177/|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref>
Another influence on bicycle culture from Copenhagen is the "[[cycle chic]]" movement. It grew from reactions to a photo of a girl wearing her regular clothes on a bike, which inspired the photographer, Michael Colville-Andersen, to start the blog ''Copenhagen Cycle Chic'' featuring mainly female subjects riding their bikes in fashionable everyday clothes. Its popularity have spawned a global movement with over 100 cycle chic blogs featuring similarly themed photography from other cities and areas around the world. So now many people are making their own blogs that feature cyclists around the world. Most of them are associated with the original blog, the ''Copenhagen Cycle Chic''.
Line 149 ⟶ 153:
* {{cite web|title=City of Cyclists|url=http://international.kk.dk/artikel/city-cyclists|publisher=City of Copenhagen|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005083010/http://international.kk.dk/artikel/city-cyclists|archive-date=5 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite web|title=Cycling map of Copenhagen|url=http://kk.sites.itera.dk/apps/kk_pub2/pdf/987_VukGL2ROf1.pdf|publisher=City of Copenhagen|date=January 2013}}
* [http://bycyklen.dk/en/ Bycyklen]: public bicycle scheme's website.
=== Films ===
Line 161 ⟶ 166:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cycling In Copenhagen}}
[[Category:Cycling in Copenhagen| ]]
[[Category:Cycling by
[[Category:Urban planning in Denmark]]
| |||