Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten: Difference between revisions

The '''''Stichting Oud Politieke DeliquentenDelinquenten''''' ("Foundation forof Former Political Delinquents"; abbreviated '''SOPD''') was a Dutch right-wing organization founded by and for formerly jailed and convicted [[war criminals]], collaborators who werehad associatedcollaborated with the German overlordsoccupiers during [[World War II]]. The SOPD was the first and the largest of the collaborationist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."<ref name="Schans2011">{{cite book|last=Schans|first=Wil van der|title=Monitor Racisme and Extremisme: Extreemrechts in Amsterdam|url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=IPPPeLFd9cAC&pg=PA17|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-07-12|publisher=Amsterdam UP|isbn=9789085550495|page=17}}</ref> and the largest of the collaboratist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."<ref name="Art2011"/>

The SOPD was founded in 1951 by [[Jan Hartman (Nazi collaborator)|Jan Hartman]], formerly of the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|NSB]],<ref name="Roos2010">{{cite book|last1=Roos|first1=Jan de|last2=Roos-Van Rooden|first2=Thea|title=Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont|url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=NIzv8VukcxkC&pg=PA193|accessdate=1 May 2012|year=2010|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|isbn=9789087041847|pages=193 n.14}}</ref> the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)|occupation of the Netherlands]] in 19391940. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer [[Jan Wolthuis]], another former NSB member who had been a "justice of the peace judge"in [[Arnhem]] during the German occupation,<ref name="Roos2010"/> essentially an NSB appointment to a political office meant to render [[Anton Mussert]] immune from prosecution and to handle infractions committed by NSB matters.<ref>{{cite book|last=Geus|first=Machteld de|editor=G. Aalders|title=Oorlogsdocumentatie '40-'45: zesde jaarboek van het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie|year=1995|publisher=Walburg|location=Zutphen|isbn=9789056120078|pages=48–86|chapter=Vrederechtspraak in Nederland}}</ref><ref name="rechters">{{cite book|last=Venema|first=Derk|title=Rechters in oorlogstijd: De confrontatie van de Nederlandse rechterlijke macht met nationaal-socialisme en bezetting|url=http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/2066/37572/1/37572.pdf|year=2007|publisher=Radboud University|location=Nijmegen|page=259}}</ref><ref name="venema">{{cite book|last=Venema|first=Derk|editor=P. P. T. Bovend'Eert |editor2=L. E. de Groot-van Leeuwen |editor3=Thomas Johannes Marie Mertens|title=De Rechter bewaakt: over toezicht en rechters|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-bNyPwfplEC&pg=PA214|accessdate=2 May 2012|date=2003-03-20|publisher=Kluwer|isbn=9789026840883|pages=207–30|chapter=De bewaking van het recht tijdens de Duitse bezetting}}</ref>

The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but thea political party, formedfounded by theSOPD organizationmember [[Paul van Tienen]], was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist [[Per Engdahl]], had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's [[European Social Movement]], the ''Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen'' ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries"), in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the ''[[National European Social Movement|Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging']]'' ("National European Social Movement").<ref name="Mudde2003">{{cite book|last=Mudde|first=Cas|title=The Ideology of the Extreme Right|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spT-NgRm3f8C&pg=PA117|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2003-02-22|publisher=Manchester UP|isbn=9780719064463|pages=117–18}}</ref> The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned in 1954 by a Dutch court on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by [[Supreme CourtWilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], inthe 1954"Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations",<ref name="Schans2011"/><ref name="Mudde2003"/> a decision confirmed by the [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands]] in 1955.<ref name="Art2011">{{cite book|last=Art|first=David|title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe|url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=9dUTXJakqLoC&pg=PA78|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-02-21|publisher=Cambridge UP|isbn=9780521720328|page=78}}</ref>

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[[Category:CollaboratorsFar-right withpolitics Naziin Germanythe Netherlands]]