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{{Short description|River in southern Ireland, one of the Three Sisters}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox river
| name = River Nore
| name_nativenative_name ={{native name|ga|An Fheoir}}<ref name="lm-riverlogainmRiverNore"/>
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology = [[Old Irish]]: Eoir<ref name="ócíobháin2007">{{Harvnb|Ó Cíobháin|2007}}.</ref>
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image = KilkennyRiver riverNore, 2024-03-22 01.JPGjpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = River Nore in the [[Kilkenny|City of Kilkenny]].
Line 23 ⟶ 25:
| subdivision_name3 = [[Leinster]]
| subdivision_type4 = Counties
| subdivision_name4 = [[County Tipperary|Tipperary]], [[County Laois|Laois]], [[County Kilkenny|Kilkenny]], [[County Waterford|Waterford]]
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
Line 43 ⟶ 45:
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[CelticRiver SeaBarrow]]
| mouth_location = [[WaterfordNew HarbourRoss]], [[County WaterfordWexford]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system = [[The Three Sisters (Ireland)|Three Sisters]]
| basin_size = {{convert|25302595|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name=catchmentNore/>
| tributaries_left = [[River Suir]]
| tributaries_right = [[River Barrow]]
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''River Nore''' ({{lang-ga|An Fheoir}})<ref name="lm-river">{{cite webIPA-ga|title=An Fheoir/River Nore (river)ə ˈn̠ʲoːɾʲ|url=http://www.logainm.ie/67254.aspx|work=logainm.ie|accessdate=28 October 2010}})<ref name="logainmRiverNore"/ref> is aone {{convert|140|km|mi|0|adj=on}}of longthe river located in south-east ofprincipal [[Irelandriver]].s Along(along with the [[River Suir]] and [[River Barrow]],) itin isthe one[[South-East ofRegion, theIreland|South-East constituentRegion]] rivers of the group known as the [[The Three Sisters (Ireland)|Three Sisters]]. The {{convert|140|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} river [[drainage basin|drains]] approximately {{convert|9772,530|km2|mi2|km2|0}} of [[Leinster]]. and [[Munster]],<ref name="Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing">[http://www.irishfisheries.com/waterways.asp?P=1&W=10 Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing]</ref><ref name="serbd.com">[http://www.serbd.com/MultiDownloads/Creport/Chapters/Physical%20Description%20Ch3.pdf South Eastern River Basin District Management System. Page 38] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222354/http://www.serbd.com/MultiDownloads/Creport/Chapters/Physical%20Description%20Ch3.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> The long term averagethat flowencompasses rateparts of thethree Rivercounties Nore(Tipperary, isLaois, 42.9 cubic metres per second (m<sup>3</sup>/sKilkenny)<ref name="serbd.com"/> Along The river rises inwith the [[Devil'sRiver BitSuir]] Mountain,and [[CountyRiver TipperaryBarrow]]., Flowingit generallyis southeast,one andof thenthe south,constituent beforerivers emptying intoof the [[Celticgroup Sea]]known atas the [[WaterfordThe Harbour]],Three [[WaterfordSisters (Ireland)|Three Sisters]].
 
Starting in the [[Devil's Bit]] Mountain, [[County Tipperary]], the river flows generally southeast, and then south, before its confluence with the River Barrow at Ringwood, and the [[Barrow Bridge|Barrow railway bridge]] at Drumdowney, County Kilkenny, which empties into the [[Celtic Sea]] at [[Waterford Harbour]], [[Waterford]].
Parts of the river are listed as [[Special Areas of Conservation]].<ref name=nore>[[River Barrow]] and River Nore (IE0002162). [http://www.npws.ie/en/media/Media,4175,en.pdf Site Synopsis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219022339/http://www.npws.ie/en/media/Media,4175,en.pdf |date=2007-12-19 }} - [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]], [[Republic of Ireland]]. [[Natura 2000]] ([https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0002162 data set]) - [[European Environment Agency]].</ref>▼
 
▲PartsThe long term average flow rate of the River Nore is 42.9 cubic metres per second (m<sup>3</sup>/s)<ref name="serbd.com"/> The river areis home to the only known extant population of the [[critically endangered species|critically endangered]] [[Nore freshwater pearl mussel]], and much of its length is listed as a [[Special AreasArea of Conservation]].<ref name=nore>[[River Barrow]] and River Nore (IE0002162). [http://www.npws.ie/en/media/Media,4175,en.pdf Site Synopsis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219022339/http://www.npws.ie/en/media/Media,4175,en.pdf |date=2007-12-19 }} - [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]], [[Republic of Ireland]]. [[Natura 2000]] ([https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0002162 data set] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228112237/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0002162 |date=28 December 2017 }}) - [[European Environment Agency]].</ref>
 
==Name==
Nore is an anglicisation of the river's [[Old Irish language|Old Irish]] name ''An Eoir'';<ref>"Breandán Ó Cíobháin has confirmed that the modern name ... An Fheoir does represent the early form An Eoir ... with an initial sound that was represented in English as 'yeo'", and therefore cognate with ''Ioriponte'', the original name of [[Jerpoint]], in Kilkenny. (An Chomhairle Oidhreachta/The Heritage Council, 2007, ''Newtown Jerpoint, County Kilkenny: Conservation Plan''. Dublin, Heritage Council, p.53.)</ref> the modern [[Irish language|Irish]] name is ''An Fheoir''. As such, the name is believed to be derived, etymologically, from Old Irish {{lang|sga|feórann}}: "green bank or shoreland."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dil.ie/search?search_in=headword&q=fe%C3%B3rann|title = EDIL - Irish Language Dictionary}}</ref> Modern Irish {{lang|ga|feora}} means "green bank, edge or shore of sea, lake or river". In regard to "An Fheoir, the Nore (g. -e, al. An Eoir); al. Feor, cf. feora", ''Dinneen's Dictionary'' (1927) states: "Feoir g. -e, and Feorach, f. border, brim, edge; a stream or rivulet.”<ref>''Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla'', Patrick S. Dinneen (ed.) 1996, (1st pub. 1927) reprinted 1996), p. 447.</ref>
The river is known in [[Irish language|Irish]] as ''An Fheoir'' {{IPA-ga|ənˠ oːɾʲ|}}, possibly referring to ''féar'', "[[grass]]." In 1732 [[John Loveday (antiquary)|John Loveday]] spelled it ''Neor'' and ''Neure''.<ref>[http://www.logainm.ie/en/67254]</ref>
 
The ''[[Óengus of Tallaght|Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee]]'' (''Félire Óengusso Céli Dé''), published some time before the year 824, mentions the river: {{lang|sga|re taeb Eoire uarglaine}} "the cold-pure Eoire ."<ref>{{Cite web |title=úar |url=https://dil.ie/42762 |website=eDIL ([[Dictionary of the Irish Language|An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language]]) |year=2019 |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref> A [[Middle Irish]] reference, from before 1420, refers to the ''Fiond-chlár fairsing na Feoire'' "fair wide plain of the Feoir".<ref>Archive.org, "The topographical poems of John O'Dubhagain and Giolla na naomh O'Huidhrin," modern translation by John O’Donovan published in 1862.</ref>
== Course ==▼
The Nore rises on the eastern slopes of the [[Devil's Bit Mountain]] in the [[townland]] of [[Borrisnoe]], [[County Tipperary]]. It then flows south-eastwards to [[County Laois]] and [[County Kilkenny]] before joining the [[River Barrow]] just north of [[New Ross]] near the [[Barrow Bridge]].<ref name=Hughes1863>{{Harvnb|Hughes|1863}}.</ref> The river passes near [[Durrow, County Laois]] then through [[Ballyragget]], the city of [[Kilkenny]] and then the villages of [[Bennettsbridge]] and [[Thomastown]]. It flows through the Mount Juliet estate. Further south, it forms a picturesque V-shaped river valley, particularly notable near the village of [[Inistioge]], the tidal limit. Major tributaries of the Nore include the [[River Dinan|Dinan]], the Breagagh at [[Kilkenny|Kilkenny City]], the [[Kings River (Ireland)|King's River]], the Little Arrigle and the Black Water.▼
 
▲== Course ==
[[File:Bridge on the Nore. Kilkenny.jpg|thumb|Bridge over the Nore in [[Kilkenny]]]]
▲The Nore rises on the eastern slopes of the [[Devil's Bit Mountain]] in the [[townland]] of [[Borrisnoe]], [[County Tipperary]]. It then flows south-eastwards to [[County Laois]] and [[County Kilkenny]] before joining the [[River Barrow]] just north of [[New Ross]] near the [[Barrow Bridge]].<ref name="Hughes1863">{{Harvnb|Hughes|1863}}.</ref> The river passes near [[Durrow, County Laois]] then through [[Ballyragget]], the city of [[Kilkenny]] and then the villages of [[Bennettsbridge]] and [[Thomastown, County Kilkenny|Thomastown]]. It flows through the Mount Juliet estate. Further south, it forms a picturesque V-shaped river valley, particularly notable near the village of [[Inistioge]], the [[tidal limit]]. Major tributaries of the Nore include the [[River Dinan|Dinan]], the Breagagh at [[Kilkenny|Kilkenny City]], the [[Kings River (Ireland)|King's River]], the Little Arrigle and the Black Water.
[[File:Riverbykilkennycastle1.jpg|alt=<nowiki>The river nore as seen from [[Kilkenny Castle]]</nowiki>|center|thumb|The river nore as seen from [[Kilkenny Castle]]]]
List of places along the river.
* [[Devil's Bit Mountain]] (begins)
Line 73 ⟶ 80:
* [[Kilkenny]]
* [[Bennettsbridge]]
* [[Thomastown, County Kilkenny|Thomastown]]
* [[Inistioge]]
 
Line 86 ⟶ 93:
* Black Water
 
== Geology and morphology ==
ItThe Nore rises on a sandstone base but the catchment soon turns to limestone and remains so to the sea. The countryside is one of mixed farming, with some tillage, quite a bit of pasture and dairying and some bloodstock. The river has a fairly steep gradient but the flow is checked by innumerable [[weir]]s and it is probably true to say that shallow glides are the pre-dominant feature.<ref name="Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing"/>
 
== History ==
[[ImageFile:Thomastown64.jpg|thumb|right|300px|River Nore at Thomastown in [[County Kilkenny]] ]]
In pre-[[Irish PotatoGreat Famine (Ireland)|Famine]] years, there were many water -powered industries existed in the Nore valley, particularly in the ten -mile (16&nbsp;km) stretch between Kilkenny City and Thomastown;, including breweries, [[woolen millsmill]]s, sawmills, marble works, distillaries and grain mills. [[Flax]] and [[linen]] were also produced just north of Kilkenny City.
 
== Recreation ==
Kilkenny fishing club has extensive fishing rights on the River Nore and its tributary, the [[River Dinan]]. Popular with anglers, it holds [[brown trout]] and [[salmon]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}}<ref name="Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing"/>
 
Some of these weirs along the river have good playboating qualities. The river is long and mostly flat and dotted with weirs at most of the villages it passes through.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.irishwhitewater.com/river_guide/river.php?id=312 |title=Irish whitewater river guide to the Nore] |access-date=11 September 2008 |archive-date=30 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030173332/http://www.irishwhitewater.com/river_guide/river.php?id=312 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Salmon runs on the river Nore were interrupted in 2005 and 2006 by a flood relief scheme in Kilkenny city carried out by the Office of Public Works. Initially budgeted at €13.1 million, the scheme was delivered at a cost in excess of €48 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.friendsoftheirishenvironment.net/paperstoday/index.php?action=view&id=5425|title=Kilkenny flood costs lead to cuts|deadurlurl-status=yesdead|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927105922/http://www.friendsoftheirishenvironment.net/paperstoday/index.php?action=view&id=5425|archivedatearchive-date=2011-09-27|df=}}</ref> and did not contain suitable fish passes. This oversight has since been rectified at additional expense and salmon can now ascend the river upstream of Kilkenny city.
 
== See also ==
Line 107 ⟶ 114:
 
== References==
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist|colwidthrefs=30em}}
<!-- Footnotes -->
<ref name="logainmRiverNore">
({{Harvnb|Fiontar|2008|loc=[http://www.logainm.ie/67254.aspx An Fheoir/River Nore (river)]}})
</ref>
 
<!-- Catchment-->
<ref name=catchmentNore>
({{Harvnb|Environmental Protection Agency|2016|loc=[https://www.catchments.ie/data/#/catchment/15?_k=pxm7qm Catchment: Nore]}}, {{Harvnb|Environmental Protection Agency|2018|loc=[https://www.catchments.ie/wp-content/files/catchmentassessments/15%20Nore%20Catchment%20Summary%20WFD%20Cycle%202.pdf Nore Catchment Assessment 2010-2015 (HA 15)]}})
</ref>
 
<ref name="Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing">{{Cite web |url=http://www.irishfisheries.com/waterways.asp?P=1&W=10 |title=Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing |access-date=11 September 2008 |archive-date=17 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117114001/http://www.irishfisheries.com/waterways.asp?P=1&W=10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
<ref name="serbd.com">
[http://www.serbd.com/MultiDownloads/Creport/Chapters/Physical%20Description%20Ch3.pdf South Eastern River Basin District Management System. Page 38] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222354/http://www.serbd.com/MultiDownloads/Creport/Chapters/Physical%20Description%20Ch3.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}
</ref>
 
<!-- End Footnotes -->
}}▼
 
== Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite web
|author=Environmental Protection Agency
|author-link=Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)
|title=EPA Catchments
|year=2016
|url=https://www.catchments.ie
|access-date=21 December 2019
|archive-date=21 December 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221011147/https://www.catchments.ie/
|url-status=live
}}
* {{cite web
|author=Environmental Protection Agency
|author-link=Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)
|title=Nore Catchment (HA 15)
|url=https://www.catchments.ie/data/#/catchment/15?_k=cctlut
|publisher=[[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)|Environmental Protection Agency]] of the [[Government of Ireland]]
|website=catchments.ie
|date=2018
|access-date=21 December 2019
|archive-date=21 December 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221011206/https://www.catchments.ie/data/#/catchment/15?_k=cctlut
|url-status=live
}}
* {{cite web|author=Fiontar|author-link=Placenames Database of Ireland|title=Placenames Database of Ireland|url=http://www.logainm.ie/en/|website=logainm.ie|publisher=[[Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs]] of the [[Government of Ireland]]|date=2008|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-date=22 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422232126/http://logainm.ie/?uiLang=en|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation
|last= Gibb
|first= John S.
|title=Facsimile edition of [[Old Kilkenny Review]] 1946-51
|volumeissue=Issue 1, 2, 3 & 4
|origyearorig-year=1948
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Kilkenny Archaeological Society]]
Line 124 ⟶ 175:
|chapter=A tour on the Upper Nore
|postscript=.
|ref=harv none
|first2=,lastn=,authorn=
}}
*{{Citation
| last=Hughes
| first=William
| author-link=
| chapter=
| year=1863
| chapter-url =
| editor-last=
| editor-first=
| title=The geography of British history
| place=Oxford University
| publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green
| publication-date=
| pages=22
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NW0DAAAAQAAJ
| access-date=25 September 2016
| isbn =
| archive-date=19 May 2016
▲}}
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519074721/https://books.google.com/books?id=NW0DAAAAQAAJ
| url-status=live
}}
* {{Citation
|last= Ó Cíobháin
|first= Breandán
|title=[[Old Kilkenny Review]] 2007
|volumeissue=Issue 59
|year=2007
|publisher=[[Kilkenny Archaeological Society]]
Line 155 ⟶ 202:
|chapter=The River Nore - An Fheoir
|postscript=.
|title-link= Old Kilkenny Review
|ref=harv
}}
*[https://www.academia.edu/9524053/River_Nore_Kilkenny_Heritage_Audit_report_vol.1_phase_1 Ó Drisceoil, Cóilín (2011), ''River Nore Kilkenny Heritage Audit report vol.1 phase 1''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924153911/https://www.academia.edu/9524053/River_Nore_Kilkenny_Heritage_Audit_report_vol.1_phase_1 |date=24 September 2021 }}
{{Refend}}
 
Line 164 ⟶ 211:
{{Americana Poster|Nore}}
* {{Citation |title=Irishfisheries River Nore Fishing |url=http://www.irishfisheries.com/waterways.asp?P=1&W=10 |work=irishfisheries.com}}
* {{Citation |title=Salmon Ireland, information on the Salmon rivers of Ireland |url=http://www.salmonireland.com/salmon-rivers/southern/river-nore.jsp |work=salmonireland.com |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609194318/http://www.salmonireland.com/salmon-rivers/southern/river-nore.jsp |archivedatearchive-date=2011-06-09 |df= }}
* {{Citation |title=Nore River Guide (canoeing and kayaking) |url=http://www.irishwhitewater.com/river_guide/river.php?id=312 |work=irishwhitewater.com}}
* Song: [https://imslp.org/wiki/Floraline_Shore_(Webster%2C_Joseph_Philbrick) "Floraline Shore"] on IMSLP
 
{{Rivers of Ireland}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coordCoord|52|25|N|6|57|W|display=title|region:IE_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nore}}
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