24th United States Congress: Difference between revisions

The '''24th United States Congress''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the [[Federal government of the United States|United States federal government]], consisting of the [[United States Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives]]. It met in [[Washington, D.C.]] from March 4, 1835, to March 4, 1837, during the seventh and eighth years of [[Andrew Jackson]]'s [[Presidency of Andrew Jackson|presidency]]. The apportionment of seats in the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] was based on the [[United States Census, 1830|Fifth Census of the United States in 1830census]]. Both chambers had a [[Jacksonian Party (United States)|Jacksonian]] majority.

Throughout 1835, relations between the United States and France reached an all-time low. Andrew Jackson had America's ambassador to France travel aboard a gunboat and after negotiations broke down had the American ambassador recalled back to the United States and forced the French ambassador to leave. President Jackson and the French government traded threats and insults throughout the duration of the year. In this conflict, President Jackson got support from many members of the House of Representatives.

In late November 1835, [[Linn Boyd]], [[Albert G. Hawes]], [[Richard Mentor Johnson|Richard M. Johnson]], [[John E. Coffee]], [[Seaton Grantland]], [[Charles Eaton Haynes]], [[Jabez Young Jackson]], [[George Welshman Owens]], [[Thomas Glascock]], [[William Schley]], [[Reuben Chapman]], [[Joshua L. Martin]], [[Joab Lawler]], [[Jesse Atherton Bynum]], [[Jesse Speight]], [[James Iver McKay]], [[Micajah Thomas Hawkins]], [[William Montgomery (North Carolina politician)|William Montgomery]], [[Henry William Connor]] and [[James Rogers (congressman)]] all put in writing that if President Jackson were to formally declare war on France he would have their full support. Shortly after this when the government of the United Kingdom sought to intervene, the same twenty Congressmen signed a letter stating that they welcomed the "wholesome and moderating influence" of British Prime Minister [[William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne]], British foreign secretary [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston]] and the British [[Secretary of State for War and the Colonies]] [[Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg]], who the letter referred to as "our thoughtful cousins." The same document referred to the France's leader [[Louis Philippe I]] as "dastardly and pusinallimous."<ref>Andrew Jackson's Presidency by Christine Zuchora-Walske pg. 78</ref><ref name="France 1976 pp. 51-64">Andrew Jackson Versus France American Policy toward France, 1834-36 by Robert Charles Thomas - Tennessee Historical Quarterly - Vol. 35, No. 1 (SPRING 1976), pp. 51-64</ref>

Senators [[Bedford Brown]], [[Robert J. Walker]], [[Felix Grundy]], [[John Pendleton King]] and [[Alfred Cuthbert]] all wrote to President Jackson saying that they felt the same way as the aforementioned twenty members of the house "with respects to our relations with Britain and France" and "any potential war" that might break out between the United States and France.<ref name="France 1976 pp. 51-64"/> In a series of popular outbursts in July 1836, effigies of [[Louis Philippe I]] were burnt in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[South Carolina]], [[North Carolina]], [[Kentucky]], [[Tennessee]], [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]].<ref>America and French Romanticism During the July Monarchy by [[Seymour Drescher]] - American Quarterly Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring, 1959), pp. 3-20 (18 pages)</ref>

In October 1836, it became known the French were "backing down," celebrations that were "overtly triumphant" and "distinctly anti-French" were held throughout [[Kentucky]], [[Tennessee]], [[North Carolina]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]] during the last two weeks of October 1836.<ref>The Foreign Policy of Andrew Jackson. By John M. Belohlavek. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985) Journal of American History, Volume 73, Issue 3, December 1986, Page 749</ref>

: {{Party stripe|Jacksonian Party}}2. [[William R. King|William R. D. King]] (J)

: {{Party stripe|National Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|13|13}}. [[Lewis Williams (politician)|Lewis Williams]] (NR)

: {{Party stripe|Anti-Masonic Party}}{{ushr|Rhode Island|AL|At-large}}. [[William Sprague (1799-1856)|William Sprague III]] (AM)

| rowspan=2 | Arkansas was admitted to the Union.<br/>Its new Senatorssenators were elected September 18, 1836.

| rowspan=2 | Michigan was admitted to the Union.<br/>Its new Senatorssenators were elected January 6, 1837.

** [[1834 and 18351834–35 United States Senate elections]]

** [[1834 and 18351834–35 United States House of Representatives elections]]

** [[1836 and 18371836–37 United States Senate elections]]

** [[1836 and 18371836–37 United States House of Representatives elections]]