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{{wiktionary|Appendix:Dothraki}}
The '''Dothraki language''' is a [[Constructed language|constructed]] [[fictional language]] in [[George R. R. Martin]]'s fantasy novel series ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]'' and its television adaptation ''[[Game of Thrones]]''. It is spoken by the Dothraki, a nomadic people in the [[World of A Song of Ice and Fire|series's fictional world]]. The language was developed for the TV series by the language creator [[David J. Peterson]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Do+you+speak+Dothraki%3F-a0279261433 |title=Do you speak Dothraki? |date=January 30, 2012 |work=[[The New York Times Upfront]] }}</ref> working off the Dothraki words and phrases in Martin's novels.
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[[File:David j peterson 2019 06 03.jpeg|thumb|[[David J. Peterson]], creator of the Dothraki spoken language for ''[[Game of Thrones]]'']]
The Dothraki vocabulary was created by [[David J. Peterson]] well in advance of the adaptation. HBO hired the Language Creation Society to create the language, and after an application process involving over 30 [[List of language inventors|conlangers]], Peterson was chosen to develop the Dothraki language. He delivered over 1700 words to HBO before the initial shooting. Peterson drew inspiration from George R. R. Martin's description of the language, as well as from such languages as [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Inuktitut]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Russian language|Russian]], and [[Swahili language|Swahili]].<ref name=hbo>{{cite web |url=http://dothraki.conlang.org/official-hbo-press-release/ |title=Official HBO Press Release |website=Dothraki.conlang.org |date=April 12, 2010 |access-date=July 27, 2010 |archive-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719045742/http://dothraki.conlang.org/official-hbo-press-release/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
David J. Peterson and his development of the Dothraki language were featured on an April 8, 2012 episode of [[CNN]]'s ''[[The Next List]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whatsnext.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/06/language-creation-for-game-of-thrones/|title='Game of Thrones' linguist: How to create a language from scratch|website=CNN What's Next|access-date=2017-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911002127/http://whatsnext.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/06/language-creation-for-game-of-thrones/|archive-date=2013-09-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> He went on to create the [[Valyrian languages]] for season 3 of ''Game of Thrones''. Peterson and his development of Dothraki were also featured on the January 8, 2017 episode of ''[[To Tell the Truth]]''.
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=== Consonants ===
There are 23 [[consonant]] [[phoneme]]s in the Dothraki language.
{| class="wikitable IPA" style=text-align:center
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The letters {{angbr|c}} and {{angbr|x}} do not appear in Dothraki, although {{angbr|c}} appears in the [[digraph (orthography)|digraph]] {{angbr|ch}}.
{{angbr|p}} and {{angbr|b}} seem to appear only in names, as in ''Pono'' and ''Bharbo''. These consonants were used in the past but have since
Voiceless stops may be [[aspirated consonant|aspirated]]. This does not change word meaning.
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In sequence of multiple vowels, each such vowel represents a separate syllable. Examples: ''shierak'' {{IPA|[ʃi.eˈɾak]}} ('star'), ''rhaesh'' {{IPA|[ɾhaˈeʃ]}} ('country'), ''khaleesi'' {{IPA|[ˈxa.le.e.si]}} ('queen').
The vowels {{IPA|/i, e, o, a/}} are realized as {{IPA|[e, ɛ, ɔ, ɑ]}} after {{IPA|/q/}}. {{IPA|/o/}} turns into {{IPA|[ɤ]}} after dental consonants.<ref name="dothraki2">{{cite web|url=http://www.dothraki.com/2011/11/qute-noises/ |title=» Qute Noises Dothraki |website=Dothraki.com |date=14 November 2011 |access-date=2017-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGxMEbF0eY8 |title=The Art of Language Invention, Episode 7: Romanization Systems |website=[[YouTube]] |date=2015-11-17 |access-date=2017-07-23}}</ref> {{IPA|/o/}} can be pronounced as {{IPA|[u]}} after {{IPA|/ɡ, k, x/}}.<ref name="dothraki2"/>
==Grammar==
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In prepositional phrases, prepositions always precede their noun [[complement (grammar)|complements]].
Further examples of demonstratives include:<ref name="Demonstratives">{{cite web|url=http://www.dothraki.com/2012/02/demonstratives/ |title=Demonstratives |date=28 February 2012 |publisher=Dothraki.com |access-date=2013-06-16}}</ref>
{{interlinear|indent=3
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|seat.GEN exist.3SG.PRES for 3SG.ALL there.ACC with.coward.ALL.PL hair.GEN short
|There is a place for him: There, with the short-haired cowards.<ref name="Dothraki Presentation at WorldCon">{{cite web |url=http://dedalvs.com/dothraki/dothrakireno.pdf |title=Dothraki Presentation at WorldCon 2011|website=Dedalvs.com|access-date=2017-07-23 |date=August 21, 2011}}</ref>}}
==External links==
* [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Dothraki] on [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Main_Page|Wiktionary]]
==References==
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