Mur (river): Difference between revisions

{{RefimproveMore citations needed|date=September 2010}}

| name = Mur/Mura

| image_caption = The Mur valleyValley near Tamsweg in Austria

| source1_coordinates= {{coord|47|7|48|N|13|20|49|E|type:river_region:AT|display=inline}}

| mouth_location = [[Drava]] River near [[Legrad]], [[Croatia]]

| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|1718|5419|N|16|5352|939|E|region:AT|display=inline,title}}

| progression = {{PDravaRDrava}}

| subdivision_type1 = CountryCountries

| subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Austria]], |[[Slovenia]], |[[Croatia]], |[[Hungary]]}}

| length = {{convert|480463.7|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{GeoQuelle|AT-6|DAS}}

| basin_size = {{convert|1382414109|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}

[[File:Murursprung01.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Mur source (''Murursprung'') in the [[Ankogel Group]] of the [[High Tauern]]]]

[[File:Frohnleiten_vom_Gschwendberg.jpg|thumb|right|The Mur passing through [[Frohnleiten]], from left to right in the middle the expressway S35 [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucker_Schnellstra%C3%9Fe] (regarding southwest and downwards from the Gschwendtberg mountain)]]

[[File:Graz vista desde el Schlossberg.jpg|thumb|right|The Mur in [[Graz]], view from [[Schlossberg (Graz)|Schlossberg]] (Southwest direction)]]

[[File:Mura-slovenija-f-2012-07-PV.JPG|thumb|right|The Mur river in Slovenia]]

[[File:ZusammenflussDrauMur.jpg|thumb|right|The confluence of the Drava River (foreground) and Mura near [[Legrad]], Croatia]]

The '''Mur''' ({{IPA-de|ˈmuːɐ̯|-|De-Mur.ogg|lang}}) or '''Mura''' ({{IPA-sl|ˈmúːɾa}} <small>or</small> {{IPA-sl|ˈmùːɾa|lang}}; {{IPA-shhr|mǔːra|langhrlang}}; {{IPA-hu|ˈmurɒ|lang}}; [[Prekmurje Slovene]]: ''Müra''<ref name="Novak">Novak, Vilko. 2006. ''Slovar stare knjižne prekmurščine''. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, pp. 262, 269.</ref> or ''Möra''<ref name="Novak"/>) is a [[river]] in [[Central Europe]] rising in the [[Hohe Tauern]] national park of the [[Central Eastern Alps]] in [[Austria]] with its source beingat {{convert|1898|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. It is a tributary of the [[Drava]] and subsequently the [[Danube]].

The Mur's total length is around {{convert|480464|km}}.{{GeoQuelle|AT-6|DAS}} About 330326&nbsp;km are within the interior of [[Austria]]; 95&nbsp;km flow in and around [[Slovenia]] (67&nbsp;km along the borders with Austria and Croatia, 28&nbsp;km inside Slovenia),<ref name="SORS">{{cite web GeoQuelle|url=http://www.stat.si/letopis/1998/01_98/01-10-98.asp?jezik=en SI|title=Reke, dolge nad 25 km, in njihova padavinska območja |language=Slovenian, English|trans-title=Rivers, longer than 25 km, and their catchment areas |year=2002 |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of SloveniaSURS}}</ref> and the rest forms the border between [[Croatia]] and [[Hungary]]. The largest city on the river is [[Graz]], Austria. Its [[drainage basin]] covers an area of {{convert|1380014109|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Croatiacite Yearbookweb|url=https://info.bmlrt.gv.at/dam/jcr:75d8f27a-46eb-42f6-b517-bb2812dff44c/FlVerz_Mur_2011.pdf|title=Flächenverzeichnis 2015der Flussgebiete: Murgebiet|work=Beiträge zur Hydrografie Österreichs Heft 60|page=49126|date=October 2011}}</ref>

[[Tributary|Tributaries]] of the Mur include the [[Mürz]], the [[Sulm (Austria)|Sulm]], the [[Ščavnica]], the [[Ledava]] and the [[Trnava (Međimurje)|Trnava]].<ref name="SORS"/>

The river rises in a remote valley within the [[Tamsweg District|Lungau region]] of the [[Austria]]n [[Salzburg (state)|state of Salzburg]]. The river flows eastwards through [[Tamsweg]] before crossing the border into the [[Styria|state of Styria]].

In the upper Međimurje area, in the western part of the region, the Mur floods and changes its course rather often, moving slowly toward the north on its left. Here, the biggest forest along the river, the [[Murščak (forest)|Murščak]], is located between [[Domašinec]] and [[Donji Hrašćan]] (derived from [[Croatian language|Croatian]] ''hrast'' '[[oak]]'). After receiving its last significant tributary [[Trnava (Međimurje)|Trnava]], the river ends near [[Legrad]] in [[Koprivnica-Križevci county]], [[Croatia]], where it flows into the river [[Drava]] River.

{{RefimproveMore citations needed section|date=October 2014}}

Since the 4th century BC, there have been reports of [[floating mill]]s powered by the streams of the river. The [[ancient]] technology was adopted later by arriving [[Slavs]] and then by [[Magyars]]. Several decades ago, in the 1920s and 1930s, many of these mills were still operating along the river. At least one of the old mills, the Babič Mill ({{lang-sl|Babičev mlin}}) near [[Veržej]], Slovenia, continues to operate to this day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slovenia.si/culture/tradition/milling-as-remembrance-of-times-past-in-prekmurje/|title=Milling as Remembrance of Times Past in Prekmurje|work=slovenia.si|date=May 2008|accessdateaccess-date=26 March 2015}}</ref>

In Austria, several [[hydroelectric dam]]s have been constructed for the production of [[renewable energyelectricity]]. The word "renewable" may be misleading in the case of smaller hydroelectric plants whose output is small by comparison to the environmental cost of construction. Currently in

In 2017, a hydroelectric dam iswas under construction in Puntigam, a few km south of the Graz city centre. The plan includes a massive sewage pipe between the city centre and the new dam, necessitating the felling of thousands of trees. The project is controversial and environmental groups are resisting it. Both environmental impact and economic studies have found the project to be neither ecologically nor economically viable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rettetdiemur.at/|title=Rettet die Mur - Start|website=www.rettetdiemur.at}}</ref>. Additional hydroelectric plants are planned for Slovenia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amazon-of-europe.com/en/mura-news/|title=News|first=W. W. F.|last=Austria|website=Amazon of Europe}}</ref>.

The hydrological parameters of the Mur are regularly monitored in Croatia at [[Mursko Središće]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://hidro.hr/hidro_e.php?id=hidro&param=Podaci_e | title = Daily hydrological report | publisher = [[State Hydrometeorological Bureau of the Republic of Croatia]] | accessdateaccess-date = 2010-09-09}}</ref>

* {{commonscatcommons category-inline|Mur River|Mur}}

* Condition of Mur at [https://web.archive.org/web/20130604192717/http://www.arso.gov.si/vode/podatki/amp/H00_g_30.html Gornja Radgona] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20130604182749/http://www.arso.gov.si/vode/podatki/amp/H40_g_30.html Petanjci] - graphs, in the following order, of water level, flow and temperature data for the past 30 days (taken by [[Slovenian Environment Agency|ARSO]])