Sha'ab, Israel: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox Israel municipalitysettlement

| name = Sha'ab

'''Sha'ab''' ({{lang-ar|شعب}}; {{lang-he-n|שַׁעַבּ}}; meaning "The spur")<ref>Palmer, 1881, [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/116/mode/1up p.116]</ref> is an [[Arab citizenslocalities ofin Israel|Arab]] town and [[local council (Israel)|local council]] in the [[Northern District (Israel)|Northern District of Israel]]. It has an area of 5,442 [[dunam]]s ({{convert|6.4|km2|abbr=on}}) of land under its jurisdiction. In {{Israel populations|Year}} its population was {{Israel populations|Sha'ab}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}

French scholar [[Victor Guérin]] associated Sha'ab with ''Saab'', a place mentioned by 1st-century writerJewish historian [[Josephus]].<ref>Josephus, [https://archive.org/stream/completeworksofj04jose#page/34/mode/2up/search/saab III, § 21], cited in Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n447/mode/2up 434-435], cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 275</ref><ref>TIR, p. 218, cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 275]</ref> The ''[[Midrash Rabba]]'' ([[Leviticus Rabba]] s. 20,9) mentions a certain Rabbi Mani of Sha'ab, together with Yehoshua of Sakhnin and Rabbi [[Johanan bar Nappaha]]. In the 14th century, the tax income from the village was given to the [[wakf]] of the [[madrasah]] and [[mausoleum]] of the [[Shafi'i]] Manjaq in [[Egypt]].<ref>MPF, 71, No. 53. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 275]</ref>

According to local tradition, the village started to flourish under anti-Ottoman rebel [[Zahir al-Umar]] (cac. 1768).<ref name=Petersen275>Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 275]</ref> In 1859, the population was estimated to be 1,500. Some were [[Roman Catholicism in Israel|Catholic]], the majority Muslim. The cultivated fields were estimated to be 80 [[feddan]]s.<ref name=CondorKitch271>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/271/mode/1up 271]</ref> Guérin visited in the 1870s, and wrote that the village of Sh'aib consisted of four quarters. The inhabitants, he wrote, were for the most part Muslim, about 800, and some 20 "[[Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|Schismatic Greek]]" families. The Muslims had two Mosques and two [[wali]]s.<ref>Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n447/mode/2up 434-435]</ref><ref>Conder & Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/339/mode/1up 339]</ref> In 1881, Sha'ab was described as being in a valley with fine olive groves, while part of the hill behind it was cultivated in corn.<ref name=CondorKitch271/>

Sha'ab was captured by the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israel Forces]] (IDF) on 19 July 1948 during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. The villagers surrendered without a fight,<ref>Morris 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA423 423]</ref> and their village was subsequently depopulated in the [[1948 Palestinian exodusexpulsion and flight|Palestinian exodus expulsions]]. Still, Sha'ab was found by the IDF's [[Oded Brigade|Ninth Brigade]] still to be inhabited in December 1948, and the residents were expelled on foot.<ref>Morris 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA514 514]</ref> The village was the headquarters and hometown of Abu Is'af, leader of one of the most effective local militias during the war and someone viewed as a hero by many Arabs in the area.<ref>Cohen, 2010, p. 100.</ref>

*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}

*{{cite book|first=Hillel|last=Cohen|title=Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs, 1948-1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7RTdcvtO2sC&source=gbs_navlinks_s|publisher=University of California Press|year=2010|isbn=9780520944886}}

*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=1}}

*{{cite book|title=A Discourse on Domination in Mandate Palestine: Imperialism, Property and Insurgency|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTh6AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112&dq=Sha%27ab+1936+British+Palestine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=anpuVdreHI35yQT4-YHgDg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Shaab&f=false|first=Zeina B.|last=Ghandour|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2009|ISBNisbn=9781134009633}}

*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlinkauthor-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=Frenchfr}}

*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlinkauthor-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}

*{{cite book|title=The Birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949|url=https://archive.org/details/birthofpalestini00morr|url-access=registration|authorlinkauthor-link=Benny Morris|first=B.|last=Morris|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1987|ISBNisbn= 0-521-33028-9}}

*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|authorlinkauthor-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}

*{{cite book|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|url=https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z|volume= I|first=Andrew|last=Petersen|year=2001|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-727011-0}}

*{{cite thesis|type=PhD |last=Rhode |first=H.|authorlinkauthor-link=Harold Rhode

|date=1979 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=[[Columbia University]]}}

*{{cite book|title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the Year 1838|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc01smitgoog |authorlinkauthor-link=Edward Robinson (scholar)|first1=E.|last1=Robinson|first2=E.|last2=Smith|authorlink2author-link2=Eli Smith|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|year=1841|volume=1}} ( p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc01smitgoog#page/n300/mode/1up 268])

*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}} p.&nbsp;257, 279, 305

*{{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first =G.| authorlinkauthor-link = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly statementStatement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = 169–191[https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale/page/169 169]–191 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888}}

*{{cite book |author1=Tsafrir, Y. |authorlink1author-link1=Yoram Tsafrir|author2=Leah Di Segni |author3=Judith Green | title = (TIR): Tabula Imperii Romani: Judaea, Palaestina |url=https://books.google.cacom/books?id=8XJtAAAAMAAJ | publisher = Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities | location = Jerusalem | year = 1994 | isbn=965-208-107-8|page = }}