Stanitsa: Difference between revisions

A '''stanitsa''' or '''stanytsia''' ({{lang-rusru|станица}}, {{IPA-ru|p=stɐˈnʲitsə|pron}};) or '''stanytsia''' ({{lang-uk|станиця}}) was a historical administrative unit of a [[Cossack host]], a type of [[Cossack]] polity that existed in the [[Russian Empire]].

The Russian word is the [[diminutive]] of the word {{lang|ru|stan}} ({{lang|ru|стан}}), which means "station" or "police district". It is distantly related to the [[Sanskrit]] word {{lang|sa|sthāna}} ({{lang|sa|स्थान}}), which means "station", "locality", or "district".<ref>{{Cite web |title=stanitsa |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stanitsa |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref>

The stanitsa was first an administrative unit in the 18th century.<ref name=eou/> In the late 18th century, when the Cossack peoples largely lost their autonomy within the empire, they still kept self-governance at the level of the stanitsa;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kenez |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEtx7cPnIGwC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=stanitsa&hl=en |title=Civil War in South Russia, 1918: The First Year of the Volunteer Army |date=1971-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-01709-2 |pages=37–38 |language=en|quote=In the late eighteenth century the Cossacks lost their former autonomy. [...] However the Cossacks retained self-government on the village (''stanitsa'') level.}}</ref> each stanitsa was still allowed to elect its own assembly.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Cossack |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cossack |date=2023-12-05 |language=en}}</ref>

The most populous stanitsasstanitsa in modern Russia areis [[VladikavkazKanevskaya]]<!-- Thein sourceKrasnodar refersKrai to(44,800 itpeople asin 2005). "Ordzhonikidze"Formerly, the formermost namepopulous -->stanitsa inwas NorthOrdzhonikidzevskaya Ossetia–Alaniain Ingushetia (7561,000598 people in 2010), and [[Kanevskaya]]but in Krasnodar2016 Kraiit (44,800was peoplereorganized ininto 2005)the town [[Sunzha]].<ref name=hist/> The town [[Stanytsia Luhanska]] in [[Ukraine]], originally founded by Cossacks, still has ''stanytsia'' in its name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Story of a city: Stanytsia Luhanska |url=https://www.helsinki.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Web_Zvit_St_Luganska_A4_Engl2.pdf}}</ref>

* {{Cite journal |last=Holquist |first=Peter |date=1997 |title="Conduct Merciless Mass Terror": Decossackization on the Don, 1919 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20171035 |journal=Cahiers du Monde russe |volume=38 |issue=1/2 |pages=127–162 |doi=10.3406/cmr.1997.2486 |jstor=20171035 |issn=1252-6576}}

[[Category:Types of populated placesStanitsa]]