Content deleted Content added
added Category:Deaths from cancer in Illinois using HotCat |
mNo edit summary |
||
(43 intermediate revisions by 28 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Carl
|image = Carl Woese.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Woese in 2004
|birth_date = {{birth date|1928|07|15}}
|birth_place = [[Syracuse, New York]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2012|12|30|1928|07|15}}
|death_place = [[Urbana, Illinois]]
|citizenship = [[United States]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Microbiology]]
|work_institutions = [[University of Illinois
|alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Amherst College]]|[[Yale University]]}}
| thesis_title = Physical Studies on Animal viruses
| thesis_url = http://search.proquest.com/docview/302030453/
| thesis_year = 1953
|doctoral_advisor = [[Ernest C. Pollard]]
|doctoral_students =
|notable_students = [[David Stahl (biologist)|David Stahl]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mcb.illinois.edu/departments/microbiology/downloads/history_of_microbiology_at_illinois.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://mcb.illinois.edu/departments/microbiology/downloads/history_of_microbiology_at_illinois.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=History of the Department of Microbiology |publisher=University of Illinois
|known_for = Discovery of [[Archaea]]
|influences =
Line 34:
|signature =
}}
'''Carl
| last1 = Goldenfeld | first1 = N.
| last2 = Pace | first2 = N. R.
Line 43:
| volume = 339
| issue = 6120
|
| year = 2013
| pmid = 23393257
Line 51:
|title = U. of I. microbiologist Carl Woese elected to Royal Society
|access-date = 2009-03-02
|work = News Bureau, University of Illinois
|date = 2006-05-19
|url-status = dead
Line 61:
==Life and education==
Carl
In 1953, he completed a [[
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-199-73438-2
Line 83:
| doi=10.2307/3570863
| bibcode = 1960RadR...13..871W| jstor = 3570863
}}</ref> From
|url=http://www.news-gazette.com/news/university-illinois/2012-12-30/visionary-ui-biologist-carl-woese-84-dies.html
|title=Visionary UI biologist Carl Woese, 84, dies
Line 89:
|work=The News-Gazette: Serving East Central Illinois
|date=2012-12-30
|archive-date=February 16, 2013
}}</ref> In 1964, Woese joined the microbiology faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he focused on Archaea, genomics, and molecular evolution as his areas of expertise.<ref name="uofi2006"/><ref name=mcb /><ref name=newsgazette /> He became a professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]'s [[Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology]], which was renamed in his honor in 2015, after his death.<ref name=newsgazette />▼
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216170841/http://www.news-gazette.com/news/university-illinois/2012-12-30/visionary-ui-biologist-carl-woese-84-dies.html
|url-status=dead
▲}}</ref> In 1964, Woese joined the microbiology faculty of the University of Illinois
Woese died on December 30, 2012, following complications from [[pancreatic cancer]], leaving as survivors his wife Gabriella and a son and daughter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/carl-woese-dies-evolutionary-biologist-was-84/2013/01/19/a91a051c-61e9-11e2-b05a-605528f6b712_story.html |title=Carl Woese dies; evolutionary biologist was 84 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=2013-01-19 |accessdate=2022-02-16}}</ref>
|url = http://www.igb.illinois.edu/news/carl-r-woese-1928-%E2%80%93-2012
|title = Carl R. Woese: 1928 – 2012
|access-date = 2012-12-30
|work = News, The Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois
|date = 2012-12-30
|url-status = dead
Line 129 ⟶ 132:
|bibcode = 1961Natur.190..697W | s2cid = 4221490 }}</ref> Other work established the mechanistic basis of protein translation, but in Woese's view, largely overlooked the genetic code's evolutionary origins as an afterthought.<ref name="pnas2012"/>
In 1962, Woese spent several months as a visiting researcher at the [[Pasteur Institute]] in [[
=== Discovery of the third domain ===
Line 144 ⟶ 147:
Woese's work on Archaea is also significant in its implications for the search for life on other planets. Before the discovery by Woese and Fox, scientists thought that Archaea were extreme organisms that evolved from the microorganisms more familiar to us. Now, most believe they are ancient, and may have robust evolutionary connections to the first organisms on Earth.<ref>{{Cite journal| title = Archaeal phylogenomics provides evidence in support of a methanogenic origin of the Archaea and a thaumarchaeal origin for the eukaryotes| doi = 10.1098/rspb.2010.1427| volume = 278| issue = 1708| pages = 1009–1018| last = Kelly| first = S.|author2=B. Wickstead |author3=K. Gull | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences| date = 2010-09-29 | pmid=20880885 | pmc=3049024}}</ref> Organisms similar to those archaea that exist in extreme environments may have developed on other planets, some of which harbor conditions conducive to [[extremophile]] life.<ref name="stetter2006">{{Cite journal| title = Hyperthermophiles in the history of life| doi = 10.1098/rstb.2006.1907| volume = 361| issue = 1474| pages = 1837–1843| last = Stetter| first = Karl O. | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences| date = 2006-10-29| pmc = 1664684| pmid=17008222}}</ref>
Notably, Woese's elucidation of the [[Tree of life (biology)|tree of life]] shows the overwhelming diversity of microbial lineages: single-celled organisms represent the vast majority of the biosphere's genetic, metabolic, and ecologic niche diversity.<ref name=woese2006prok>{{Cite book | last1 = Woese | first1 = C. R. | chapter = How We Do, Don’t and Should Look at Bacteria and Bacteriology | title = The Prokaryotes | pages = 3–4 | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-387-25476-0 | doi = 10.1007/0-387-30741-9_1}}</ref> As microbes are crucial for many [[biogeochemical cycle]]
Woese wrote, "My evolutionary concerns center on the bacteria and the archaea, whose evolutions cover most of the planet's 4.5-billion-year history. Using ribosomal RNA sequence as an evolutionary measure, my laboratory has reconstructed the phylogeny of both groups, and thereby provided a phylogenetically valid system of classification for prokaryotes. The discovery of the archaea was in fact a product of these studies".<ref name=mcb />
Line 183 ⟶ 186:
| bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.8742W
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> First described by Woese and Fox in a 1977 paper and explored further with microbiologist [[Jane Gibson]] in a 1980 paper, these organisms, or ''[[Progenote|progenotes]]'', were imagined as protocells with very low complexity due to their error-prone translation apparatus ("noisy genetic transmission channel"), which produced high mutation rates that limited the specificity of cellular interaction and the size of the genome.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Woese | first1 = C. R.
| last2 = Fox | first2 = G. E.
Line 243 ⟶ 246:
== Honors and scientific legacy ==
Woese was a [[MacArthur Fellowship|MacArthur Fellow]] in 1984, was made a member of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] in 1988, received the [[Leeuwenhoek Medal]] (microbiology's highest honor) in 1992, the [[Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology]] in 1995 from the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]],<ref name=Waksman>{{cite web|title=Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology|url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_waksman|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|access-date=2011-02-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112174319/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_waksman|archive-date=January 12, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and was a [[National Medal of Science]] recipient in 2000. In 2003, he received the [[Crafoord Prize]] from the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] "for his discovery of a third domain of life".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/articles/carl-woese-and-new-perspectives-on-evolution/ |title=Carl Woese and New Perspectives on Evolution |last=Morrison |first=David |date=December 10, 2003 |work=Astrobiology: Life in the Universe |publisher=NASA |access-date=February 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224074131/http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/articles/carl-woese-and-new-perspectives-on-evolution |archive-date=February 24, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name="crafoord2003">{{
Many microbial species, such as ''[[Pyrococcus woesei]]'',<ref name="Zillig1987">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0723-2020(87)80057-7 |title=Pyrococcus woesei, sp. Nov., an ultra-thermophilic marine archaebacterium, representing a novel order, Thermococcales |year=1987 |last1=Zillig |first1=Wolfram |last2=Holz |first2=Ingelore |last3=Klenk |first3=Hans-Peter |last4=Trent |first4=Jonathan |last5=Wunderl |first5=Simon |last6=Janekovic |first6=Davorin |last7=Imsel |first7=Erwin |last8=Haas |first8=Birgit |journal=Systematic and Applied Microbiology |volume=9 |issue=1–2 |pages=62–70}}</ref> ''[[Methanobrevibacter woesei]]'',<ref name="Miller2002">{{cite journal |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02022-0 |title=Description of ''Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii'' sp. nov., ''Methanobrevibacter thaueri'' sp. nov., ''Methanobrevibacter woesei'' sp. nov. And ''Methanobrevibacter wolinii'' sp. nov |year=2002 |last1=Miller |first1=T. L. |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=819–822|pmid=12054244 }}</ref> and ''Conexibacter woesei'',<ref name="conexibacter">{{cite journal |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02400-0 |title=''Conexibacter woesei'' gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of a deep evolutionary line of descent within the class Actinobacteria |year=2003 |last1=Monciardini |first1=P. |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=569–576 |pmid=12710628|doi-access=free }}</ref> are named in his honor.
Line 263 ⟶ 266:
}}
===Selected
* {{Cite journal
| title = Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms
Line 379 ⟶ 382:
==References==
{{
==External links==
Line 405 ⟶ 408:
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:People from Syracuse, New York]]
[[Category:University of Illinois
[[Category:Leeuwenhoek Medal winners]]
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer]]
Line 411 ⟶ 414:
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Illinois]]
[[Category:History of genetics]]
|