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== Caesarean section ==
If a baby is delivered via Caesarean section, is the parity nomenclature exactly the same as for birth via vaginal delivery? The 2 different routes have implications for things like later stress urinary incontinence.
== Parity illustration ==
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I edited this post to be inclusive of all sexes who may be birthing. I'm rather shocked that it was changed back when it is not in dispute that trans and intersex persons give birth and are not "female." This is a question of accuracy of terms, not of morality. As someone who works in birth, I would want the most accurate information available to people reading this page. [[User:CCalvano|CCalvano]] ([[User talk:CCalvano|talk]]) 04:12, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
:{{ping|CCalvano}}
:Correction:
::A female is an individual<br>who has female gonads, including:
::*A [[uterus]],
::*[[Fallopian tube]]s,
::*A [[vagina]], and
::*A [[cervix]].
:By that definition, pre-operative trans men (before [[sex reassignment surgery]]) and post-operative trans women (after sex reassignment surgery) are females if they have the above sex organs. Hence, they deserve to be included in all articles relating to females.
:However, you are right about intersex people, though. Intersex people are not females. In fact, intersex people are not entirely male or entirely female;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intersex people {{!}} OHCHR |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity/intersex-people}}</ref> every intersex person's sex falls on a random point on the spectrum of sex.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Viloria |first=Hida |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qoq5DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Spectrum of Sex: The Science of Male, Female, and Intersex |last2=Nieto |first2=Maria |date=2020-02-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78775-266-5 |language=en}}</ref>
— [[User:CrafterNova|<span style="color:#00FF00;font-variant:small-caps">'''CrafterNova'''</span>]] <sup>[[User talk:CrafterNova|<span style="color:#3366CC">'''[ TALK ]'''</span>]] [[Special:Contributions/CrafterNova|'''[ CONT ]''']]</sup> 10:51, 16 September 2023 (UTC)
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"We encourage you to be bold in a fair and accurate manner."
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:Good job highlighting the significance of these terms to medicine, and distinguishing the use of parity and gravidity in medicine and biology. This added clarity. [[User:Annalpark|Annalpark]] ([[User talk:Annalpark|talk]]) 18:35, 12 September 2022 (UTC)
:The layout of the wiki page has been greatly improved thanks to the bolded words and subheadings making it easy to identify key terms. Nice discussion and inclusion of a meta-analysis on nulliparity. <!-- Template:Unsigned --><span class="autosigned" style="font-size:85%;">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Rafaelverduzco|Rafaelverduzco]] ([[User talk:Rafaelverduzco#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rafaelverduzco|contribs]]) 18:45, 16 September 2022 (UTC)</span> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
== "Female" is a more accurate term than "woman" because sex and gender are very different ==
Since sex and gender are very different things,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The difference between gender, sex and sexuality |url=https://au.reachout.com/articles/the-difference-between-gender-sex-and-sexuality |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=au.reachout.com}}</ref> the terms "female" and "woman" are also very different.
Reliable sources prove that pre-operative trans men, non-binary people and intersex people can also get pregnant and give birth, if they have female gonads including at least the following gonads and genitalia:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riggs |first=Damien W. |last2=Pearce |first2=Ruth |last3=Pfeffer |first3=Carla A. |last4=Hines |first4=Sally |last5=White |first5=Francis Ray |last6=Ruspini |first6=Elisabetta |date=2020-08-24 |title=Men, trans/masculine, and non-binary people’s experiences of pregnancy loss: an international qualitative study |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03166-6 |journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=482 |doi=10.1186/s12884-020-03166-6 |issn=1471-2393 |pmc=PMC7444198 |pmid=32831015}}</ref>
*a uterus
*fallopian tubes
*a vagina
*a cervix.
However, intersex people are not females, since they cannot be assigned a definitive sex at birth, meaning that their sex is ambiguous.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambiguous Genitalia: Definition & Causes |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22470-atypical-genitalia-formerly-known-as-ambiguous-genitalia |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philadelphia |first=The Children's Hospital of |date=2014-04-24 |title=Ambiguous Genitalia |url=https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/ambiguous-genitalia |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www.chop.edu |language=en}}</ref> Intersex people are not enitrely male or entirely female;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intersex people {{!}} OHCHR |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity/intersex-people}}</ref> every intersex person's sex falls on a random point on the spectrum of sex.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Viloria |first=Hida |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qoq5DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Spectrum of Sex: The Science of Male, Female, and Intersex |last2=Nieto |first2=Maria |date=2020-02-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78775-266-5 |language=en}}</ref> — [[User:CrafterNova|<span style="color:#00FF00;font-variant:small-caps">'''CrafterNova'''</span>]] <sup>[[User talk:CrafterNova|<span style="color:#3366CC">'''[ TALK ]'''</span>]] [[Special:Contributions/CrafterNova|'''[ CONT ]''']]</sup> 16:17, 28 September 2023 (UTC)
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