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{{use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox academic
'''Terence Michael "Terry" Crowley''' (1 April 1953 – 14/15 January 2005){{efn|Crowley passed away on the weekend of the 15-16th of January. The precise time is unknown.{{sfn|Austin|2005}} }} was a [[linguistics|linguist]] specializing in [[Oceanic languages]] as well as [[Bislama]], the English-lexified [[Creole language|Creole]] recognized as a national language in [[Vanuatu]]. From 1991 he taught in [[New Zealand]]. Previously, he was with the Pacific Languages Unit of the University of the South Pacific in Vanuatu (1983–90) and with the Department of Language and Literature at the University of Papua New Guinea (1979–83).{{sfn|Austin|2005}}▼
| name = Terry Crowley
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Terence Michael Crowley
| birth_date = 1 April 1953
| birth_place = [[Billericay]], [[Essex]], United Kingdom
| death_date = 15 January 2005
| death_place =
| nationality =
| occupation = Linguist
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| influences =
| workplaces =
| main_interests = [[Oceanic languages]] and [[Bislama]]
| notable_works =
| notable_ideas =
| influenced =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| footnotes =
}}▼
▲'''Terence Michael "Terry" Crowley''' (1 April 1953 – 14/15 January 2005)<ref>{{efn|Crowleycite passedweb away|title=Cemetery onsearch the|url=https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-services/do-it-online/cemetery-search/Pages/default.aspx?surname=crowley&forename=terence weekend|publisher=[[Hamilton, ofNew theZealand#Local 15-16thgovernment|Hamilton ofCity January.Council]] The precise|access-date=1 timeOctober is unknown.2018}}</ref>{{sfn|AustinCrowley|2005}}2007|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9QoLXvttA8MC&pg=PR14 "Publisher's Note", p. xiv]}}) was a [[linguistics|linguist]] specializing in [[Oceanic languages]] as well as [[Bislama]], the English-lexified [[Creole language|Creole]] recognized as a national language in [[Vanuatu]]. From 1991 he taught in [[New Zealand]]. Previously, he was with the Pacific Languages Unit of the [[University of the South Pacific]] in Vanuatu (1983–90) and with the Department of Language and Literature at the [[University of Papua New Guinea]] (1979–83).{{sfn|Austin|2005}}
 
==Life and career==
Like another highly gifted Australian linguist, [[Harold Walter Bailey|Harold Bailey]], Crowley was the son of English immigrants who raised their child in the outback. He was born in [[Billericay]], [[Essex]] in 1953. His English parents [[Immigration to Australia|emigrated]] to Australia when he was roughly 7 years old,{{sfn|Lynch|2005|p=223}} and the family settled on a dairy farm{{sfn|Lynch|2005|p=223}} in the rural north of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], just outside [[Shepparton]], where Crowley received his early education.{{sfn|Evans|2005|pp=157–158}} His parents raised him in the [[outback]]. He decided to become a [[philology|philologist]] early,{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=158}} during his [[Education in Australia|high school]] years at [[Shepparton High School]], from which he graduated as [[Dux#Education|dux]] in 1970.{{sfn|Lynch|2005|p=223}}
 
Crowley had already made inquiries as a fifteen-year old{{sfn|Crowley|2007|p=xii}} in 1968 by addressing a personal letter to [[Stephen Wurm]] asking if there were employment opportunities for people who took up languages. [[Donald Laycock]] answered, since WurmsWurm was away at the time, and encouraged him to pursue linguistics by enclosing a copy of his own work on [[Sepik languages]].{{sfn|Crowley|1992|p=21}}{{efn|The work in question was, Donald Laycock, ''The Ndu language family.(Sepik District, New Guinea),'' [[Australian National University]], 1965{{sfn|Lynch|2005|p=224}} }} Crowley enrolled at the [[Australian National University]] in 1971 with an [[Tertiary education in Australia|Asian studies scholarship]], with a major in [[Indonesian language|Bahasa Indonesian]],{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=158}} while also taking coursework on [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Aboriginal languages]] under [[Robert M. W. Dixon|Robert Dixon]].{{sfn|Lynch|2005|p=224}}
 
Crowley's precocity was already in evidence in his third year, when he produced a paper on the [[Nganyaywana language]] once spoken by the [[Anēwan]] of [[New England (New South Wales)|New England]], in which, in the words of [[Nicholas Evans (linguist)|Nicholas Evans]], Crowley made a brilliant demonstration of the fact that the Anewan language, far from being a [[language isolate]] as long thought, could be correlated with [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]] once [[Initial dropping|initial consonant loss]] was taken into account.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=158}} He went on to graduate with first class honours, winning a University medal in linguistics, with an honours thesis on the dialects of [[Bandjalang language|Bundjalang]].{{sfn|Lynch|2005|p=224}}
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Crowley was appointed lecturer at the [[University of Papua New Guinea]] where he worked (1979-1983) under [[John Lynch (linguist)|John Lynch]], who subsequently recommended him to [[Ron Crocombe]] when the latter's [[University of the South Pacific|Institute of Pacific Studies]] decided to set up a ''Pacific Languages Unit'' (PLU) at [[Port Vila]] in Vanuatu in 1983,{{sfn|Lynch|2005|p=224}} which Crowley directed until 1990.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=159}}
 
In 1991 he relocated to [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] in New Zealand where he taught at [[University of Waikato]], rising to a full professorship in 2003.{{sfn|Evans|2005}} Over the following decades, he wrote salvage descriptions of several [[Malakula]] languages, including ''Tape'', and others, ranging from [[Malekula Coastal languages|coastal]] [[Nāti language|Nāti]], to the [[Malekula Interior languages|interior Malakula languages]] of [[Avava language|Avava]], [[Nese language|Nese]] (spoken by a single family) and [[Litzlitz language|Naman]],{{sfn|François|2007|pp=430–432}} as well as documenting [[Erromanga language|Sye]] on the island of [[Erromango]] and [[Gela language|Gela]] on the [[Solomon Islands]].
 
==Legacy==
At the time of his early death -a tragedy for his field of expertise, in the words of [[Alexandre François]]{{sfn|François|2007|p=430}} - Crowley was working on writing grammars and dictionaries of 18 languages.{{sfn|Crowley|2007|p=xii}} In a book published posthumously, Crowley wrote of the urgency of doing ''dirty-boots'' linguistic fieldwork, with the ethical imperative of enabling thousands of cultures at risk of extinction to have their linguistic patrimony recorded, so that their descendants might thereby avoid the tragic consequences of the loss of [[Tasmanian languages]]. Almost nothing of structural value was transmitted in written archives by the time of [[Truganini]]'s death, a fact which deprives all [[Aboriginal Tasmanians|Palawa of Aboriginal descent]] of both their cultural identity and the [[Native title in Australia|land claims]] which can only be pursued if continuity can be proven. Crowley perceived his salvage campaign among far-flung languages in this light, as securing for future generations a heritage that would otherwise be lost, to their detriment.{{sfn|Crowley|2007|pp=1–11}}
 
==Selected works==
===Books===
* 1982. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MMJwAAAAIAAJ ''The Paamese language of Vanuatu,.''] Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
* 1984. ''Tunuen telamun tenout Voum.'' Port Vila: USP Centre. (with Joshua Mael)
* 1985. ''Language development in Melanesia.'' Suva: Pacific Languages Unit, University of the South Pacific; and Department of Language and Literature, University of Papua New Guinea. (with John Lynch)
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{{notelist}}
 
===Citations=References==
{{Reflist|20em}}
 
Line 57 ⟶ 80:
| author-link = Peter Austin (linguist)
| publisher = Linguistlist.org
| issue = 16.334
| url = https://linguistlist.org/issues/16/16-334.html/
| date = 2 February 2005
| refvolume = harv16 }}
▲}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Phonological change in New England
| last = Crowley | first = Terry
Line 72 ⟶ 94:
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PowOAAAAYAAJ
| isbn = 978-0-855-75055-8
}}▼
| ref = harv
▲}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri
| last = Crowley | first = Terry
| title = Handbook of Australian Languages, Volume 2
| editor1-last = Dixon | editor1-first = Robert M. W. | editor1-link = Robert M. W. Dixon
| editor2-last = Blake | editor2-first = Barry J. | editor2-link = Barry Blake
| year = 1981
| volume = Volume 2 | pages = 171–220
| publisher = [[John Benjamins Publishing]]
| isbn = 978-9-027-27354-3
}}▼
| ref = harv
▲}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Don Layton
| last = Crowley | first = Terry
Line 92 ⟶ 112:
| editor3-last = Tryon | editor3-first = Darrell T.
| year = 1992
| volume = Volume 110 | series = Pacific Linguistics
| pages = 20–21
| publisher = [[Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs|Linguistics Department, Research School of Pacific Studies]]
| isbn = 9780858834002 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1GRxAAAAIAAJ
}}▼
| ref = harv
▲}}
*{{Cite book| title = Field Linguistics: A Beginner's Guide
| last = Crowley | first = Terry
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=j6TFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1
| isbn = 978-0-191-53636-6
}}▼
| ref = harv
▲}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Listening to the Pacific: In remembrance of Terry Crowley
| last = Evans | first = Nicholas
Line 113 ⟶ 131:
| journal = Linguistic Typology
| publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]]
| year = 2005 | volume = Volume 9 | pages = 157–163
| urldoi = https://www10.degruyter.com/view/j/lity.2005.9.issue-11515/lity.2005.9.1.157 | hdl = 1885/lity.2005.9.1.157.xml31091
| s2cid = 121944076 | hdl-access = free
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Review: Four grammars of Malakula languages by Terry Crowley
| last = François | first = Alexandre
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| journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
| publisher = [[Brill Publishers|Brill]]
| year = 2007 | volume = 163 | issue = 2-32–3 | pages = 430–439
| jstor = 27868407
}}▼
| ref = harv
▲}}
*{{Cite journal | title = In Memoriam, Terry Crowley 1953-2005
| last = Lynch | first = John
Line 133 ⟶ 150:
| volume = 44 | issue = 1 | pages = 223–241
| date = June 2005
| doi = 10.1353/ol.2005.0022 | jstor = 3623236
| refs2cid = harv143865935 }}
}}
{{refend}}
 
{{authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crowley, Terry}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Linguists of the AustronesianOceanic languages]]
[[Category:NewLinguists Zealandof linguistsTasmanian languages]]
[[Category:UniversityLinguists of Waikato facultyBislama]]
[[Category:Linguists from New Zealand]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Waikato]]
[[Category:20th-century linguists]]
[[Category:Australian National University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:21st-century linguists]]
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