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{{Short description|English Franciscan scholar}}
{{no footnotes|date=May 2014}}▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Haymo of Faversham''', [[Franciscans|O.F.M.]] ({{abbr|d.|died}} {{c.|1243}}), was an [[Kingdom of England|English]] [[Franciscan]] scholar. His [[scholastic epithet]] was '''''{{lang|la|Inter Aristotelicos Aristotelicissimus}}''''' ([[Latin]] for "Most [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] among the [[Scholasticism|Aristotelians]]"), referring to his stature among the [[Scholasticism|Scholastics]] during the [[Recovery of Aristotle]] amid the [[12th century Renaissance|12th- and 13th-century Renaissance]]. He acquired fame as a lecturer at the [[University of Paris]] and also as a preacher when he entered the [[Order of Friars Minor]], probably in 1224 or 1225. He served as the [[Minister Provincial]] for [[Kingdom of England|England]] and as the [[Minister General]] of the Order.▼
▲'''Haymo of Faversham''', [[Franciscans|O.F.M.]] ({{abbr|d.|died}} {{
{{anchor|Biography|History}}
==Life==
Haymo was born in [[Faversham]], [[Kent]]. [[Thomas of Ecclestone]] tells us that he entered after having a vision of himself praying in the church in Faversham before the crucifix. A cord was lowered from heaven and he was drawn up to heaven by it. When Haymo saw the Friars Minor he recognised the cord and, after having asked the advice of the Dominican Master General [[Jordan of Saxony]], Haymo and three others entered the Friars Minor at St. Denis, just outside Paris, on Good Friday after having preached the Good Friday sermon.
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Shortly after this he was appointed ''custos'' at Paris, in which capacity he seems to have attended the general chapter of the order at [[Assisi]] in 1230, and was one of the deputies sent by the chapter to [[Pope Gregory IX]] to petition for an explanation of certain points in the rule about which there had arisen some discussion in the order. The pope replied with the celebrated Bull "Quo elongati" of 28 September 1230. After this chapter Haymo probably went to [[England]], for from a mention of him in the [[Patent Rolls]] [[Henry III of England|Henrici III]]" he seems to have been at [[Oxford]] in 1232, probably as a lecturer in the Franciscan school there. In 1233 he was one of the Friars Minor sent by the [[Holy See]] to [[Constantinople]] to negotiate for the reunion of the Latin and Greek Churches.
He led a peculiarly active life, for during these years he not only lectured at Oxford, but also at [[Tours]], [[Bologna]], and [[Padua]]. He was, moreover, employed by Gregory IX in revising the [[Breviary]] of the [[Roman Curia]], and the edition published in 1241 of this Breviary (which afterwards was ordered to be used in all the Roman churches and eventually, with some modification, became the Breviary of the whole [[Catholic Church]]) was chiefly the work of Haymo (cf. trans. of [[Pierre Batiffol]], "Hist. of the Roman Breviary", p.
While [[Minister Provincial]] for [[Kingdom of England|England]], he reversed the work of the earlier ministers who had kept the order humbly equipped and situated. Instead, he began to enlarge the Order's lands—particularly around [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]'s College of the Franciscans outside the old wall's Watergate—so that the friars would be able to work for their own sustenance instead of depending on charity.{{sfnp|Headlam|1904|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m1I8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA98 98]}}
Haymo at once set about rectifying the disorders caused among the friars by Elias. The latter had increased the number of provinces in the order to seventy-two, "after the manner of the seventy-two disciples", says Eccleston, and because he wished to rival the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], who had divided their order into twelve provinces in honor of the [[twelve Apostles]]. Haymo reduced the number of provinces. As Elias had found his chief supporters amongst the lay brothers, whom he had attached to his person by promoting them to high places, Haymo decreed that in future no lay brother should be appointed superior except when there were no priests to fill the office. He also defined the rights of superiors, and set their [[jurisdiction]] within definite bounds. Although very zealous for the poverty of the rule, he yet was aware of the disadvantages of depending too much on alms, preferring that the friars live by their own labours. Thus, when Provincial of England, he obtained several larger grounds for the friars, so they could cultivate land. That way, they could supply themselves with food, and not have to beg. ▼
▲Haymo at once set about rectifying the disorders caused among the friars by Elias. The latter had increased the number of provinces in the order to seventy-two, "after the manner of the seventy-two disciples", says Eccleston, and because he wished to rival the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], who had divided their order into twelve provinces in honor of the [[twelve Apostles]]. Haymo reduced the number of provinces. As Elias had found his chief supporters amongst the lay brothers, whom he had attached to his person by promoting them to high places, Haymo decreed that in future no lay brother should be appointed superior except when there were no priests to fill the office. He also defined the rights of superiors, and set their [[jurisdiction]] within definite bounds. Although very zealous for the poverty of the rule, he yet was aware of the disadvantages of depending too much on alms, preferring that the friars live by their own labours. Thus, when Provincial of England, he obtained several larger grounds for the friars, so they could cultivate land. That way, they could supply themselves with food, and not have to beg.
He died at [[Anagni]] in [[Italy]] {{c.|1243}}. On his death-bed, says Eccleston, he was visited by [[Pope Innocent IV]]; but Innocent IV was at Anagni only from 25 June until the middle of October, 1243, and during the whole of 1244 was resident at Rome. Haymo's epitaph runs:▼
▲He died at [[Anagni]] in [[Italy]] {{
{{lang|la|
:Hic jacet Anglorum summum decus, Haymo, Minorum,
:Vivendo frater, hosque regendo pater:
:Eximius lector, generalis in ordine rector.
}}
"Here lies Haymo, highest glory of the English; in his living a brother [friar] of the Minors, in ruling them a father; an eminent lecturer, and rector general in his order." As a schoolman he was styled, in the fashion of the time, ''Speculum honestatis''. Besides his lectures on the ''[[Sentences]]'' he left a treatise on the ceremonies of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] and a book of [[sermon]]s.
==References==
{{
* {{citation |last=Headlam |first=Cecil |title=Oxford and Its Story |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1I8AQAAIAAJ |date=1904 |publisher=J.M. Dent & Co., illustrated by Herbert & Fanny Railton |location=London }}
==External links==
{{start box}}▼
* {{cite CE1913|wstitle=Haymo of Faversham}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hutchinson |first1=John |title=Men of Kent and Kentishmen |date=1892 |publisher=Cross & Jackman |location=Canterbury |page=60 |edition=Subscription |chapter=[[s:Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Hamo of Faversham|Hamo of Faversham]]}}
{{succession box |before= [[Albert of Pisa]]|title = [[Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor]]|years=1240–1243|after=[[Crescentius of Jesi]]}}
{{s-end
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1240s deaths]]
[[Category:People from Faversham]]
[[Category:English Friars Minor]]
[[Category:Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor]]
[[Category:13th-century English Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:13th-century Roman Catholic priests]]▼
[[Category:Scholastic philosophers]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Ministers Provincial of England]]
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