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{{short description|American gold miner, mineralogist, and businessman from California}}
[[File:Henry G. Hanks.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Henry G. Hanks]]
{{Infobox officeholder
'''Henry Garber Hanks''' (12 May 1826 – 19 June 1907) was an [[American people|American]] [[mineralogist]]. He was the first state [[Mineralogy|mineralogist]] of [[California]].▼
|name = Henry Garber Hanks
|image = Henry G. Hanks.jpg
|caption = Henry G. Hanks
|office = 1st State Mineralogist in [[California]]
|term_start = {{start date|1880}}
|term_end = {{end date|1886}}
|predecessor =
|successor = William Irelan Jr.
|birth_date = {{birth date |1826|05|12}}
|birth_place = [[Cleveland, Ohio]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1907|06|19|1826|05|12}}
|death_place = [[Alameda County]], California
|occupation = Gold miner, mineralogist, businessman
|known_for = First State Mineralogist in California
|spouse = Ellen Francis Barker
|children = 5
}}
▲'''Henry Garber Hanks''' (May 12, May1826 1826 – June 19 June, 1907) was an [[American people|American]] [[Mineralogy|mineralogist]]. He was the first state [[Mineralogy|mineralogist]] of [[California]].
 
{{anchor|History|Biography}}
 
==Life Early life ==
Henry Garber Hanks was born in [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], on 12 May 12, 1826. His father Jarvis Frary Hanks was a local [[portrait painter]]; his mother was Charlotte Garber Hanks.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}
 
== Career ==
Around the age of 16, Hanks left Ohio for [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], taking work as a [[Seaman (rank)|seaman]]. In 1842, his ship sailed to [[Calcutta]] in [[British India]], where he worked and traveled for about a year.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} He then served as a seaman on another ship returning to [[New York City|New York]]. He then traveled around the [[continental United States]] while conducting [[science in the United States|scientific studies]] before returning to Cleveland to work as a [[house painter|house]] and [[sign painter]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} Around the age of 25, Hanks left Ohio to join the [[California Gold Rush|Gold Rush]] in [[California]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} Between 1852 and 1856, he worked as a [[gold miner|miner]] and businessman around [[Sacramento]]. By 1860, he was mostly occupied with selling [[paint]] in [[San Francisco]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}
 
In 1866, heHanks established Pacific Chemical Works, an [[assaying]] company. The next year, he married Ellen Francis Barker. They eventually raised five children, one of whom—Abbott—joined his father's company as an [[metallurgical assay|assayer]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} HenryHanks was also a founding member of the [[Microscopical Society of San Francisco]] (founded 1872) and its first president.{{sfnp|SFMS|1874}}
 
He represented California as its mineral commissioner and the United States as its mineral superintendent at the [[1878 Paris Exposition]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} Following the [[California State Geological Society|State Geological Society]]'s reorganization as part of the [[California State Mining Bureau|State Mining Bureau]] on 16 April 1880,{{sfnp|California|1880}} Henry was chosen by [[George Clement Perkins|Governor Perkins]] on 15 May{{sfnp|CGS|2017}} to head the new organization as California's first state [[Mineralogy|mineralogist]].{{sfnp|CSP|2010}} Based in San Francisco,{{sfnp|CGS|2017}} he was responsible for inspecting and classifying geological specimens submitted to the bureau,{{sfnp|CSP|2010}} as well as providing studies, annual reports, and various special publications.{{sfnp|CGS|2017}} Taking charge of the old geological society's [[California State Mineral Collection|collection]] and other property, he established a public [[California State Mining and Mineral Museum|museum]] and library.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} He served until 1886{{sfnp|CGS|2017}} at a salary of [[USD|$]]3000 per year. He was responsible for the mineral exhibits of California and the United States at the [[1884 New Orleans World's Fair|1884 New Orleans]] and [[1893 Chicago World's Fair]]s.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}
 
== Personal life ==
Henry G. Hanks died 19 June 1907 in [[Alameda County]], California.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}▼
In 1867, Hanks married Ellen Francis Barker. They had five children. One of his children Abbott joined Hanks's company as an [[metallurgical assay|assayer]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}
 
▲HenryOn G.June 19, 1907, Hanks died 19 June 1907 in [[Alameda County]], California.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}
 
==Legacy==
[[File:Hanksite-27109.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A doubly-terminated hexagonal [[crystal]] of [[hanksite]]]]
Henry G. Hanks was the namesake of [[hanksite]], a [[Sulfate minerals|sulfate mineral]] identified by [[William Earl Hidden]] based on a specimen from [[Searles Lake]] in California in 1885.{{sfnp|HIM|2018}}
 
==Works==
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |contribution-url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/ahj1472.1-11.001/67:14?rgn=full+text;view=image |contribution=Borax Deposits on the Pacific Coast |pppages=71–74 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/ahj1472.1-11.001/1:8?view=toc |title=The Overland Monthly |volume=[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/ahj1472.1-11.001/1:4?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image Vol. XI] |number=No. 1 |date=July 1873 |publisher=John H. Carmany & Co |location=San Francisco }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4349890;view=1up;seq=7 |title=Catalogue: Private Collection of Henry G. Hanks |date=1880 |publisher= |location=San Francisco }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210001113248;view=1up;seq=7 |title=Annual Report of the State Mineralogist, from June 1, 1880, to December 1, 1880 |journal=Report of the State Mineralogist |date=1880 |pages=1 v |location=San Francisco }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951t00023440k;view=1up;seq=5 |title=Second Report of the State Mineralogist of California, from December 1, 1880, to October 1, 1882 |location=Sacramento |publisher=California State Office |date=1882 }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4168381;view=1up;seq=7 |title=First Annual Catalogue of the State Museum of California... |date=1882 |publisher=California State Office |location=Sacramento }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url= |title=Third Annual Report of the State Mineralogist |volume=Parts I & [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951t00023413n;view=1up;seq=7 II] |date=1883 |publisher=California State Office |location=Sacramento }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu00234389;view=1up;seq=11 |title=Fourth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist for the Year Ending May 15, 1884 |location=Sacramento |publisher=California State Office |date=1884 }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4168382;view=1up;seq=5 |title=Catalogue of the State Museum of California |volume=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4168382;view=1up;seq=5 Vol. 2] |date=1884 |publisher=California State Office |location=Sacramento }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3134709;view=1up;seq=5 |title=Catalogue of Books, Maps, Lithographs, Photographs, Etc. in the Library of the State Mining Bureau at San Francisco |date=1884 |publisher=California State Office |location=Sacramento }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210000023430;view=1up;seq=13 |title=Fifth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist, for the Year Ending May 15, 1885 |date=1885 |publisher=California State Office |location=Sacramento }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu00234400;view=1up;seq=7 |title=Sixth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist |volume=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu00234400;view=1up;seq=7 Part I] |date=1886 |location=Sacramento |publisher=California State Office }}.
* {{citation |last=Hanks |first=Henry Garber |display-authors=0 |url=https://archive.org/stream/deeplyingaurife00hankgoog#page/n6 |title=The Deep Lying Auriferous Gravels and Table Mountains of California |location=San Francisco |publisher=F.H. Abbott |date=1901 }}.
 
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}▼
===Citations===
▲{{reflist|30em}}
 
===Bibliography===
Line 42 ⟶ 63:
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|CSP|2010}} |url=https://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/588/files/MiningMineralMuseumWeb030810.pdf |title=California State Mining and Mineral Museum |date=2010 |location=Sacramento |publisher=California State Parks }}
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|HIM|2018}} |contribution-url=https://www.mindat.org/min-1815.html |contribution=Hanksite |url=https://www.mindat.org |title=Mindat |date=2018 |location=[[Keswick, Virginia|Keswick]] |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy }}
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|SFMS|1874}} |url=http://www.sfmicrosoc.org/sites/default/files/constitution-1874.pdf |title=Constitution of the San Francisco Microscopical Society... |date=1874 |location=San Francisco |publisher=Cubery & Co |access-date=2018-08-21 |archive-date=2018-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223327/http://www.sfmicrosoc.org/sites/default/files/constitution-1874.pdf |url-status=dead }}.
* {{citation |first=Wendell Eugene |last=Wilson |contribution-url=https://mineralogicalrecord.com/labels.asp?colid=410 |contribution=Henry G. Hanks |url=https://mineralogicalrecord.com/labelarchive.asp |title=Biographical Archive |publisher=The Mineralogical Record |location=[[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] |date=2018 |access-date=2018-08-21 |archive-date=2018-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223504/https://mineralogicalrecord.com/labelarchive.asp |url-status=dead }}
 
{{authorityAuthority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanks, Henry Garber}}
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:People from Cleveland]]
[[Category:People from Cuyahoga County, Ohio]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:American sailors]]
[[Category:19th-century sailors]]
[[Category:People in 19th-century people from California]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Cleveland]]
[[Category:American geologists]]▼
[[Category:American mineralogists]]
[[Category:19th-century American chemists]]
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[[Category:19th-century American people]]
[[Category:People of the California Gold Rush]]
▲[[Category:19th-century American geologistsbusinesspeople]]
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