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{{Short description|Canadian Inuit woman acquitted of murder}}
'''Kikkik''' was an [[Inuit]] woman who, in 1958, was charged with, but acquitted of, murder, [[child neglect]] and causing the death of one of her childenchildren. Her story was told by [[Farley Mowat]].
 
== Relocation ==
Kikkik was a member of the [[Ihalmiut]] (Ahiarmiut), a [[Caribou Inuit]] band, who had originally lived in the [[Ennadai Lake]] area. In 1949, the Ihalmiut were relocated by the [[Government of Canada]] to [[Nueltin Lake]]. However, hunting was poor at Nueltin and over time the people returned to Ennadai. In 1957, the Government again moved the Ihalmiut, now numbering 59 people, to the [[Henik Lake]] area.▼
{{Main|Ihalmiut}}
▲Kikkik was a member of the [[Ihalmiut]] (Ahiarmiut), a [[Caribou Inuit]] band, who had originally lived in the [[Ennadai Lake]] area. In 1949, the Ihalmiut were relocated by the [[Government of Canada]] to [[Nueltin Lake]]. However, hunting was poor at Nueltin and over time the people returned to Ennadai. In 1957, the Government again moved the Ihalmiut, now numbering 59 people, to the [[Henik Lake]] area, 45 miles from [[Padlei, Nunavut|Padlei]], the closest trading post. The Henik group split in two early on.<ref>Damas, 2002</ref>
 
== Desperate circumstances ==
During the winter1957, the Ihalmiut's main source of food, [[Reindeer|caribou]] did not appear. andConsequently, the Henik group began to starve during the winter. Kikkik, her husband, Hallow (Hallauk), and their children (son Karlak; daughters Ailoyoak, Annecatha, Nesha, and baby Nokahhak [Elisapee; son Karlak]) had their [[igloo]] close to her half-brother Ootek (Ootuk) and his family. Ootek, who had not been able to provide for his family,. visitedNow Hallow havingOotek told his wife that he was going to the [[trading post]] at Padlei, but went and visited Hallow. Hallow left to go fishing and, after a short period, he was followed by Ootek, who had brought his rifle. Creeping up behind Hallow, who was fishing, Ootek shot him in the back of the head.
 
Ootek then returned to Kikkik's igloo, but she became suspicious and followed him as he left the igloo. He shot at her but she pushed the rifle aside. She fought with Ootek, who was weak from hunger, and forced him to the ground and; he confessed to thehaving murdermurdered Hallow. Kikkik,Sitting whoon wasOotek sittingto onhold Ootekhim gotdown, aKikkik knifegot fromher son Karlak to give her a knife, but it wasn't sharp enough to kill Ootek. One of her other children then brought her another knife and sheKikkik killed himOotek with it.
 
Kikkik thenfound her dead husband and placed his rifle next to him, as is the Ihalmiut's custom. She loaded up a sled with the few supplies she had, andbundled withher infant onto her fiveback, childrenand began the 40 mile walk to Padlei with the children. After a few days she met Yahah, Hallow's brother, and she followed him to his camp. She waited there while her brother-in-law went to Padlei. After five days, without food, and no sign of Yahah, she, again withand the children resumed herthe trek. After a few more days, she was unable to continue with all the children and left Annecatha and Nesha, both under age 10, wrapped in acaribou skin, in an igloo she made with a frying pan.
 
== Rescue and trial ==
She was later picked up by a [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] aircraft that also was able to find the two girls, one of whom had died. Kikkik was then charged with the murder of Ootek, child neglect for abandoning Annecatha, and causing the death of daughter, Nesha. At her trial, in [[Rankin Inlet, Nunavut|Rankin Inlet]], presided over by [[John Sissons]], she was found not guilty of all charges. Sissons, in his remarks to the jury said the case "demands that we revert our thinking to an earlier age and try to understand Kikkik and her life and her land and her society" and that she should be judged by her culture.▼
Kikkik, Karlak, Ailoyoak, and baby Nokahhak were rescued by a [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] aircraft that also was able to find the two stranded girls, one of whom had died. Kikkik was charged with the murder of Ootek, child neglect for abandoning Annecatha, and causing the death of Nesha.
 
▲She was later picked up by a [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] aircraft that also was able to find the two girls, one of whom had died. Kikkik was then charged with the murder of Ootek, child neglect for abandoning Annecatha, and causing the death of daughter, Nesha. At her trial, in [[Rankin Inlet, Nunavut|Rankin Inlet]], presided over by Judge [[John Sissons]], sheKikkik was found not guilty of all charges. Sissons, in his remarks to the jury said the case "demands that we revert our thinking to an earlier age and try to understand Kikkik and her life and her land and her society" and that she should be judged by her culture.
Her story was featured in the 1959 book ''The Desperate People'' by [[Farley Mowat]]. Kikkik never talked about this part of her life and her children did not learn of it until Annecatha read the book. Kikkik's story was also turned into two documentaries featuring daughter Elisapee (neé Nurrahaq [or Nokahhak]) Karetak in 2000 ([[English language|English]] and 2002 ([[Inuktitut]]).▼
 
==Sources Aftermath ==
▲Her story was featured in the 1959 book ''The Desperate People'' by [[Farley Mowat]]. Kikkik never talked about this part of her life, andnor did community elders. herHer children did not learn of it until Annecatha read theMowat's book. Kikkik's story was also turned into twothe documentariesdocumentary featuringfilm daughter Elisapee''[[Kikkik (neéfilm)|Kikkik]]'', Nurrahaqwhich [orwas Nokahhak]) Karetakreleased in 2000both ([[English language|English]] and 2002 ([[Inuktitut]]) versions by director [[Ole Gjerstad]] and Kikkik's daughter Elisapee Karetak.<ref>[https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/remembering_kikkik/ "Remembering Kikkik"]. ''[[Nunatsiaq News]]'', June 21, 2002.</ref>
* Tester, Frank J., and Peter Keith Kulchyski. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=HVf9N3jdsp4C&pg=PA231&dq=Kikkik+mistakes&sig=XR12iNbrg1qE5haPARJhMC7LZoE#PPA234,M1 Tammarniit (Mistakes) Inuit Relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63]''. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0774804523 ▼
*Eber, Dorothy. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=g7Qcr7vzQbQC&dq=angulalik+trial Images of Justice A Legal History of the Northwest Territories As Traced Through the Yellowknife Courthouse Collection of Inuit Sculpture]''. McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 28. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1997. ISBN 0773516751 ▼
*[http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut020621/news/features/20621_1.html Remembering Kikkik]
*[http://www.mysteriesofcanada.com/Nunavut/kikkik.htm Kikkik, When Justice Was Done]▼
 
==External linksSources ==
* Damas, David. [https://books.google.com/books?id=3TZHXQaFk2IC&dq=henik+padlei+distance&pg=RA1-PA92 ''Arctic Migrants/Arctic Villagers The Transformation of Inuit Settlement in the Central Arctic'']. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0-7735-2405-3}}
*There were three carvings commissioned by John Sissons to represent the case:▼
▲* Eber, Dorothy. ''[httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=g7Qcr7vzQbQC&dqq=angulalik+trial Images of Justice A Legal History of the Northwest Territories As Traced Through the Yellowknife Courthouse Collection of Inuit Sculpture]''. McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 28. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1997. {{ISBN 0773516751 |0-7735-1675-1}}
**[http://www.nwtcourts.ca/Sissons/Kikkik3.htm Ootek shooting Hallow]▼
▲* Tester, Frank J., and Peter Keith Kulchyski. ''[httphttps://books.google.cacom/books?id=HVf9N3jdsp4C&pg=PA231&dq=Kikkik+mistakes&sigpg=XR12iNbrg1qE5haPARJhMC7LZoE#PPA234,M1 PA231 Tammarniit (Mistakes) Inuit Relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63]''. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994. {{ISBN |978-0774804523 0-7748-0452-3}}
**[http://www.nwtcourts.ca/Sissons/Kikkik2.htm Kikkik stabbing Ootek]▼
▲*[httphttps://www.mysteriesofcanada.com/Nunavutnunavut/kikkik.htm/ Kikkik, When Justice Was Done]
**[http://www.nwtcourts.ca/Sissons/Kikkik1.htm The girls left in the igloo]▼
 
== References ==
 
<references/>
 
== External links ==
▲*ThereThree carvings were three carvings commissioned by John Sissons to represent the case:
▲**[https://web.archive.org/web/20120207005018/http://www.nwtcourts.ca/Sissons/Kikkik3.htm Ootek shooting Hallow]
▲**[https://web.archive.org/web/20120207005023/http://www.nwtcourts.ca/Sissons/Kikkik2.htm Kikkik stabbing Ootek]
▲**[https://web.archive.org/web/20120207005027/http://www.nwtcourts.ca/Sissons/Kikkik1.htm The girls left in the igloo]
 
[[Category:People acquitted of murder]]
[[Category:People from Kivalliq Region]]
[[Category:Canadian Inuit peoplewomen]]
[[Category:Inuit from the Northwest Territories]]
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