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{{Short description|Lowland Scottish clan}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox clan
| clan name =
| image badge =
| chiefs crest
| chiefs motto
| chiefs slogan
| war cry =
| region =
| district =
| gaelic names =
| image arms =
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| plant badge =
| animal =
| pipe music =
| chiefs name
| chiefs title =
| chiefs gaelic title =
| seat =
| historic seat
| septs =
| branches = <!-- the following information is for clans without a current chief -->▼
| last chiefs name =
▲<!-- the following information is for clans without a current chief -->
| date of death of last
| Allied clans = [[Clan Campbell]]<br>[[Clan Kerr]]
▲|commander =
}}
'''Clan Leslie''' is a [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowland]] [[Scottish clan]]. The progenitor of the Clan, [[Bartolf Leslie|Bartolf]]'','' was a nobleman from [[Hungary]], who came to [[Scotland]] in 1067. He built a castle at Lesselyn, from which the clan name derives.
==Clan Chief, the Earl of Rothes==
From 1457 the Clan Chief of Clan Leslie also held the position of [[Earl of Rothes]]. The Chief is currently the Hon. Alexander Leslie,<ref name="ScotClans"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Clan Leslie Society |url=https://www.clanlesliesociety.org/ |publisher=Clan Leslie Society International |access-date=28 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> the brother of James Malcolm David Leslie, 22nd Earl of Rothes (born 1958).▼
▲From 1457 the Clan Chief of Clan Leslie also held the position of [[Earl of Rothes]]. The Chief is currently the Hon. Alexander Leslie,<ref name="ScotClans"/> the brother of James Malcolm David Leslie, 22nd Earl of Rothes (born 1958).
==History==
[[File:Leslie tartan (Vestiarium Scoticum).svg | thumb | 220x124px | right | alt= Leslie tartan |
Leslie tartan ]]
===Origins===
[[File:Arms of Leslie.svg|thumb|right|200px|Coat of arms of Lords of Leslie]]
The first Leslie in Aberdeenshire was Alexander who was appointed Constable of
Australia & New Zealand.</ref>
The progenitor of the Clan Leslie is a man named ''Bartolf'' who was a nobleman from [[Hungary]], who came to [[Scotland]] in 1067.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie">{{cite book |last1=Way
Bartolf was said to be a man of intellect and bravery and as a result Malcolm III made him governor of the royal [[Edinburgh Castle]] and gave him estates in [[Fife]], [[Angus,
Bartolf established himself in the [[Garioch]] district of Aberdeenshire, at a place then known as Lesselyn.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> At Lesselyn he built a castle and it is from there that the name evolved into Lesley, and the various spelling variations.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> Bartolf's son was named Malcolm and was made constable of the royal Inverury Castle, which he held for [[David II of Scotland]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> His great-grandson was Sir Norman Lesley who acquired the lands of Fythkill in Fife, which were later called [[Leslie, Fife|Lesley]], in about 1282.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/>
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===14th to 15th centuries: Rothes and Balquhain===
The family sided with [[Robert the Bruce]] against firstly The Comyn in the Buchan and secondly [[Edward I of England|King Edward I]] and as a result were awarded further tracts of [[Aberdeenshire]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> They fought at the [[Battle of Bannockburn]] in 1314. Sir [[Sir Andrew de Leslie|Andrew de Lesly]] was one of the signatories of [[Declaration of Arbroath]], was sent to the Pope in 1320 asserting Scotland's independence.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> His grandson, Walter died at the
The chiefly line of the Clan Leslie passed to a junior branch of the family, from whom the present [[Earl of Rothes]] descends.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> In 1391, Sir Norman Lesley believed that his only son, David, had been killed in the [[Crusades]],<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> and therefore passed over his estates to his cousin, Sir George Lesley.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> Then in 1398, after George Lesley had taken possession of the castle and lands, David returned from the Crusades and claimed possession of his estate.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> The family managed to resolve the matter peacefully and in 1445 Sir George Lesley's grandson, also called George, was created a [[Lord of Parliament]] as Lord Lesley of Leven, and all of his lands were united into the barony of Ballinbreich.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> At some point before 1458, he was then advanced to the title of Earl of Rothes.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/>
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====Rothes====
During the [[Anglo-Scottish Wars]], George de Lesly was the Leslys' first Earl. His son George Leslie, the 2nd Earl, and his grandson were killed at the [[Battle of Flodden]] in 1513.<ref>{{cite book |last=Guthrie |first=William |author-link=William Guthrie (historian) |year=1767 |title=A General History of Scotland |url=https://archive.org/details/ageneralhistory14guthgoog/page/n6/mode/2up |volume=4 |location=[[Paternoster Row]], London |publisher=A. Hamilton, Robinson and Roberts |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageneralhistory14guthgoog/page/n366/mode/2up 371]-372 |access-date=May 7, 2023}}</ref> The third Earl, also George, carried out a private family vendetta on the life of David Beaton, cardinal Archbishop of St Andrews. At the trial he was acquitted.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/>
[[George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes]], was one of the Scottish commissioners at the marriage of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], as heir to the throne of [[France]] in 1558.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> George, along with the Earl of Cascillus and two others, died in mysterious circumstances, believed to be poisoning for refusing to allow the crown of Scotland to be settled on the [[Dauphin of France]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/>
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Fetternear which became the home of the Leslies of Balquhain, Wardes, and [[Warthill House|Warthill]] includes the remains of a 14th-century palace, home of Bishop Alexander Kininmund who, in 1320, drafted the Declaration of Arbroath, the letter sent to Pope John XXII in Avignon declaring that the Scots would never be subjected to English rule. It also incorporates the remains of even earlier palaces and sites of settlement dating back 4,000 years.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/>
John Leslie, Bishop of Ross was born in 1526. He was the most loyal of Mary, Queen of Scots's supporters during the turbulent times of 1562. It was John Leslie who wrote for her the famous History of Scotland.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> He, the second baron of Wardes, was awarded extensive lands in the Garioch from James IV and was five times married. He is now represented in the [[Garioch]] by the Leslies of Warthill descended from his second son.
===17th century===
During the 17th century, Lesleys fought in [[Germany]], France, [[Sweden]] and in the [[Baltic region|Baltic]] as mercenaries.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> [[Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven]], fought on the Continent and then returned to Scotland to command the [[Covenanter]] army.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> His seat was [[Balgonie Castle]] or the ''Tower of Balgonie'', which he improved and extended.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> Alexander Leslie won a great victory over the English royalists at the [[Battle of Newburn]] in 1640.<ref>Edward Furgol, 'Beating the Odds: Alexander Leslie's 1640 Campaign in England' in Steve Murdoch and Andrew Mackillop (eds.), Fighting for Identity: Scottish Military Experience c.1550–1900 (Leiden, 2002), pp. 33–59.</ref>
====Wars of the Three Kingdoms====
Commanding the Covenanters [[Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven]], and General [[Robert Monro]] captured Edinburgh Castle with a thousand men.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> {{unreliable source|date=July 2021}}
With the Scots, Leven went into England in 1640 and defeated the King's soldiers at the [[Battle of Newburn]]. For this, he was created Earl of Lewis by King Charles I. General Alexander Leslie of Balgonie fought for [[Gustavus Adolphus]], the King of Sweden. He achieved great fame across Europe for his skills in war and returned to Scotland a Field Marshal.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/>
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====Balquhain====
The career of [[Walter Leslie (1607–1667)]] was all in Europe, where in the [[Thirty Years War]] he rose to prominence after leading the assassination of the Imperial generalissimo [[Wallenstein]] and his coterie in 1634, becoming a field marshal and imperial count.<ref>Worthington, David. ''Scots in Habsburg Service, 1618–1648'', 2004, Brill, especially pp. 153–288, and see index. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6juROi0C39MC&pg=PA205 google books]</ref>
Sir Alexander Leslie of Auchintool was a general in the Russian army and was Governor of [[Smolensk]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/> The seventh Earl of Rothes was created Duke of Rothes by [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] in 1680.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Leslie"/>
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[[File:Leslie Castle, Geograph.jpg|right|thumb|[[Leslie Castle]] in 1989]]
*The Bass, the original Clan Leslie wooden castle built in 1080–1085. The remains can still be seen down by the [[River Ury]] in [[Inverurie]] next to the Celtic burial mounds.
*[[Leslie Castle]] in Aberdeenshire is a 17th-century tower house but stands on the site of an earlier fortification.<ref name="Coventry">{{cite book |last=Coventry
*[[Castle Leslie]] in [[County Monaghan]], [[Ulster]], Ireland. Built in the 17th century, the castle and surrounding {{convert|1000|acre|km2|
*[[Fetternear Palace]] in Aberdeenshire, the Leslies built a tower house here in the 1560s.<ref name="Coventry"/> The castle passed to the Abercrombies in 1627 but later returned to the Leslies who kept there the ''Fetternear Banner'', which was a pre-Reformation banner of the fraternity of the Holy Blood.<ref name="Coventry"/>
*[[Balquhain Castle]] in Aberdeenshire was held by the Leslies from 1340 but was sacked during a feud with the [[Clan Forbes]] in 1526.<ref name="Coventry"/>
*[[Balgonie Castle]] was acquired by Alexander Leslie in 1635.<ref name="Coventry"/>
*Leslie House in [[Fife]] was owned by the Leslies until 1919, when a major fire destroyed most of the house and its contents.<ref
*Kininvie Manor House in the Spey Valley near Rothes. Has been held by the Leslies since 1521 and they apparently still own the property.<ref name="Coventry"/> Originally part of the Balquhain Leslies' estates, then purchased by the second son of the Earl of Rothes (1936), currently the home of Colonel David Leslie.<ref>
*[[Lickleyhead Castle]] in [[Auchleven]], Aberdeenshire, built circa 1450, was owned by the Leslies until 2018.
*[[Wardhill Castle]] in [[Meikle Wartle]], Aberdeenshire passed to the Leslies in 1518 and is still owned by their descendants.<ref name="Coventry"/>
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{{Scottish clans}}
[[Category:Clan Leslie| ]]
[[Category:Scottish clans|Leslie]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Scottish people of Hungarian descent]]
[[Category:Families of Hungarian ancestry]]
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