Treaty of La Pointe: Difference between revisions

[[File:Chief Buffalo's Petition 1849 originally of birch bark.jpg|thumb|Symbolic 1849 petition attributed to [[Kechewaishke|Chief Buffalo]] protesting the violation of the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe]]

The '''Treaty of La Pointe''' may refer to either of two [[treaty|treaties]] made and signed in [[La Pointe, Wisconsin]] between the [[United States]] and the [[Ojibwe]] (Chippewa) [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] peoples. In addition, the Isle Royale Agreement, an adhesion to the first Treaty of La Pointe, was made at La Pointe.

 

==1842 Treaty of La Pointe==<!-- This section is linked from [[Ojibwa]] -->

The first treaty of La Pointe was signed by Robert Stuart for the [[United States]] and representatives of the [[Ojibwe]] Bands of Lake Superior and the Mississippi River on October 4, 1842 and proclaimed on March 23, 1843, encoded into the laws of the United States as {{USStat|7|591}}. By this treaty, the Ojibwa ceded extensive tracts of land that are now parts of the states of Wisconsin and Michigan, specifically the latter's [[Upper Peninsula]].

 

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| 1 || Crow Wing River || Po go ne gi shik || [[Hole in the Day|''Bagonegiizhig'' (Hole in the Day)]] || 1st chief

| 3 || [[Sandy Lake Band]] || Ka non do ur uin zo || ''Gaa-nandawaawinzo'' (He that Gathers Berries/"''le Brocheux''") || 1st chief

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| 5 || Gull Lake || Ua bo jig || [[Waubojeeg|''Waabojiig'' (White Fisher)]] || 1st chief

| 35 || [[St. Croix Band]] || Ai aw bens || ''Ayaabens'' (Little Buck) || 2d chief

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| 37 || Chippewa River || Ua be she shi || ''Waabizheshi'' (Marten) || 1st chief

 

==1844 Isle Royale Agreement==

The '''Isle Royale Agreement''' is an adhesion to the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe, conducted at [[La Pointe, Wisconsin]] Territory on August 20, 1844. Commissioner [[Robert Stuart (Michigan politician)|Robert Stuart]] again represented the [[United States]]. The Grand Portage Band was using the resources on [[Isle Royale]] and believed it and they were in British territory. After boundary clarification was settled via the Webster Ashburton Treaty of 1842, the Grand Portage Band signed the Isle Royale Agreement with the United States as a treaty adhesion. The 1842 treaty signatories re-affirmed their treaty.

 

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| 01 || Wab-ish-gag-gang-e<ref>"Wab-ish-gag-gang-e" should be "Wab-ish-gag-gaug-e"</ref> || ''Waabishkaagaagi'' (White Crow) || [[Lac du Flambeau Band]]

 

==1854 Treaty of La Pointe==<!-- This section is linked from [[Ojibwa]] -->

The second treaty of La Pointe was signed by Henry C. Gilbert and David B. Herriman for the [[United States]] and representatives of the [[Ojibwe]] of Lake Superior and the [[Mississippi Chippewa|Mississippi]] on September 30, 1854, proclaimed on January 29, 1855, and codified as {{USStat|10|1109}}. The treaty ceded all of the Lake Superior Ojibwe lands to the United States in the [[Arrowhead Region]] of Northeastern Minnesota, in exchange for reservations for the Lake Superior Ojibwe in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. The signatory tribes retain hunting, fishing and gathering right within this region. The portions left unceded were given claims to the Mississippi Ojibwe.

The Indian reservations established under this treaty are:

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| 1 || [[La Pointe Band]] || Ke-che-waish-ke || [[Kechewaishke|''Gichi-weshkiinh'' (Great-renewer/"Buffalo")]] || 1st chief

| 65 || [[Lac du Flambeau Band]] || Ne-gig || ''Nigig'' (Otter) || 2d chief

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| 67 || [[Lac du Flambeau Band]] || Quay-quay-ke-cah || ''Gwekwekikaa'' (Keeps Turning) || headman