Attari: Difference between revisions

| subdivision_name = {{flagflagu|India}}

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'''Attari''', also spelled '''Atari''', [[Punjabi]]:ਅਟਾਰੀ is a village of [[Amritsar Districtdistrict]] in the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] state of [[India]], 3&nbsp;km from the [[Indo-Pakistani border]] at [[Wagah]]. It is situated 25 &nbsp;km west of the Sikh holy city of [[Amritsar]],<ref>{{cite news |title=New checkpost opened at Attari, to boost sub-continental trade |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/new-checkpost-opened-at-attari-to-boost-sub-continental-trade-197355 |publisher=NDTV |date=13 April 2012 |access-date=5 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025040330/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/new-checkpost-opened-at-attari-to-boost-sub-continental-trade-197355 |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and is the last Indian station on the rail route connecting [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] with the Indian capital [[Delhi]].<ref>[http://www.nr.indianrail.gov.in/scripts/static/RecentReleasesDisplay_h.aspx?id=1803 Official website of Northern Railways - India]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Attari village was the native village of Sardar Sham Singh Attariwala, one of the generals in the Army of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]].

Attari village, Inin the Majha Region, was founded by two [[Sidhu]] Jatt[[Jats|Jat]] brothers, by the name of Gaur Singh and Kaur Singh around 1740. They were the sons of Chaudhri Kahn Chand Sidhu of village Kaonke in Ludhiana (Malwa). The two brothers [[immigrated]] to the Majha Region beyond the Sutlej River. Firstly the found another village, by the name of Kaunke (Amtitsar). Later a famous local Asceticascetic named, Mool Dass pointed the brothers towards a large mound (Theh"theh" Inin [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]), and asked them to establish a new village. Gaura got built a Attariattari (Three three-storey house), on the mound and later on a village devolopeddeveloped around the Attariattari.

Then the brothers were known as simply Gaura and Kaura. Later on they heard the gallantry and braveness of the tufftough and hardriding Majha Sikhs, who were fighting, Guerrilla[[guerrilla warfare]] against the crumbling Lahore -based Mughal authorities,. They went to Amritsar, and at the Akal Bunga (Akal Takhat), both Sidhu brothers took Khande De Pahul, and became Gaur Singh and Kaur Singh (Sikhs). The brothers joined the Jathajatha (Bandband) of Jathedar Baba Gurbakash Singh, a famous brave Sikh Sandhu Jatt Warriorwarrior of village Roranwala Kalan some 1 mile from Attari village.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The Sikhs would attack and plunder Mughal treasures and seize goods such as weapons[[weapon]]s and horses[[horse]]s. The Sidhu Attari family, joined the Bhangi Misl (Sikh ConfedracyConfederacy), Inin their captures of Lahore and other places and takingtook part in the establishment of Sikh Misl Rulerule in central Panjab. From [[1750s]] to 1803 Thethe family remained loyal to the Sikh Bhangi Misl.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

From 1802-03 to 1803, Sardar Nihal Singh (died 1818) of Attari family would loot and plunder the treasures of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore, In retaliation of the Maharaja, Invadinginvading and putting an end to the once -dominant Bhangi Sikh Misl in the Majha Region. Sardar Sham Singh Attari (1785-18461785–1846), from this family was the great fallen hero of the Battle of Sabhraon February 10th10, 1846, of First Anglo Sikh Wars. Second Sikh rebellion of 1848-491848–49, was also leadled by Attari family members, namely Sardar Chattar Singh Sidhu and his young son, Sardar Sher Singh Sidhu Attariwala, which resulted in British victory over the Sikhs.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

When the British abolished old Pargana system in 1849, Theythey created modern districts and Attari village was in 1849-18551849–1855 added to Lahore District. But in 1855 it was added to Amritsar District and remains so to this present day.

In 1862, Thethe British Government, Joinedjoined Lahore and Amritsar by Railwayrailway line. Modernisation of Punjab had started in 1850's1850s with the building of large and small canals (Nehar Inin [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]). This Railwayrailway line would pass through the north of Attari village. RaiwalyThe railway line was completed in 1865.

Attari Sikh Sardars were well known for theretheir bravery and gallantry. The British said in 1865, that the Sikh Sardars of Attari, are the best blood of the Manjha (Majha).{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Over the years, trade regulation between the India and Pakistan have been eased, especially after 2007,<ref>{{cite news |title=Tomato-laden truck covers new ground for India-PakistanIndia–Pakistan trade |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_tomato-laden-truck-covers-new-ground-for-india-pakistan-trade_1124657 |publisher=DNA |date=1 Oct 2007 |access-date=5 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124174658/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_tomato-laden-truck-covers-new-ground-for-india-pakistan-trade_1124657 |archive-date=24 January 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> annual trade through road increased from Rs 6.5 billion in 2007 to Rs 15 billion in 2010-112010–11. After the Integrated Check Post (ICP) was opened at Attari on 13 April 2012 to improve road trade, around 500 trucks have been crossing the border every day.<ref>{{cite news|title=After Attari land route to Pakistan, Punjab keen on Hussainiwala |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/After-Attari-land-route-to-Pakistan-Punjab-keen-on-Hussainiwala/SP-Article1-839601.aspx |publisherwork=Hindustan Times |date=12 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124014936/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/After-Attari-land-route-to-Pakistan-Punjab-keen-on-Hussainiwala/SP-Article1-839601.aspx |archivedate=2013-01-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Traders eye more cross-border trade via Attari |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/277903/traders-eye-more-cross-border.html |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=10 Sep 2012 |access-date=5 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212450/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/277903/traders-eye-more-cross-border.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

It is the starting point of the [[National_Highway_1_National Highway 1 (India,_old_numbering old numbering)|National Highway 1]], part of the historic [[Grand Trunk Road]] and is also part of [[AH1]], the longest route of the [[Asian Highway Network]]. The [[Samjhauta Express]], the train service that actually crosses the international border, the only train that runs from [[Attari railway station]] to [[Wagah]], Pakistan a distance of 3&nbsp;km.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20000416/ina16011.html Samjhauta only between Attari and Wagah] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521035702/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20000416/ina16011.html |date=21 May 2008 }}</ref>

Currently, all freight traffic originating from Asia destined for Europe goes by sea. The [[Trans-Asian Railway]] will enable containers from [[Singapore]], [[China]], [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] and [[Korea]] to travel over land by train to [[Europe]]. The Southern Corridor of the Trans-Asian Railway is of prime interest to India. It connects [[Yunnan]] in [[China]] and [[Thailand]] with [[Europe]] via [[Turkey]] and passes through India. <ref>{{cite web| url = http://streamlinesupplychain.wordpress.com/2007/12/27/trans-asian-railways-tar/| title = Trans-Asian Railway| publisher = Streamline Supply Chain| accessdate = 2011-12-22| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120219044934/http://streamlinesupplychain.wordpress.com/2007/12/27/trans-asian-railways-tar/| archive-date = 19 February 2012| url-status = live| df = dmy-all}}</ref>

The proposed route will enter India through [[Tamu, BurmaMyanmar|Tamu]] and [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] in [[Manipur]] bordering [[Myanmar]], then enter [[Bangladesh]] through [[Mahisasan]] and Shabajpur and again enter India from Bangladesh at [[Gede, Nadia|Gede]], [[West Bengal]]. On the western side, the line will enter [[Pakistan]] at Attari. There is a {{convert|315| km}} missing link on this route in the India-Myanmar sector; of this, {{convert|180|km}}, in India, is between [[Jiribam]] in Manipur and [[Tamu, Burma|Tamu]] in Myanmar. The rail link between Jiribam and [[Imphal]] has been sanctioned by [[Indian Railways]], but that is unlikely to be completed before 2016. At present construction work is in progress in a {{convert|97|km}} stretch between Jiribam and Tupul.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.lawrkhawm.com/index.php?page=475 | title = Agreement on Trans-Asian railway passing through Manipur signed | publisher = Larkhawm | accessdate = 2011-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426065804/http://www.lawrkhawm.com/index.php?page=475 | archive-date = 26 April 2012 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://hindu.com/2007/07/01/stories/2007070150650900.htm | title = India signs accord on trans-Asian railway network | publisher date= The Hindu, 1 July 2007 | accessdate = 2011-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120515092218/http://hindu.com/2007/07/01/stories/2007070150650900.htm | archive-date = 15 May 2012 | url-status = livedead | work = [[The Hindu]] | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=129648&date=2011-03-18 | title = B'desh segment of TAR route preparation shows progress | publisherwork = Financial Express, |date=18 March 2011 | accessdate = 2011-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140219111626/http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=129648&date=2011-03-18 | archive-date = 19 February 2014 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110226/jsp/frontpage/story_13637652.jsp | title = Manipur gets rail gift for Trinamul bypoll win -– Tall promises of connecting all capitals of region leaves Northeast industry captains unimpressed | publisherwork = The Telegraph, |date=26 February 2011 | accessdate = 2011-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120515084453/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110226/jsp/frontpage/story_13637652.jsp | archive-date = 15 May 2012 | url-status = livedead | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

{{commonscatcommons category|Attari}}