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{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| name = African pygmy goose
| image = African pygmy goose, Nettapus auritus, at Muirhead Dams, Royal Macadamia Plantations, Machado, Limpopo, South Africa - male (26210431045) cropped.jpg
| image_caption =
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 25 September 2021">{{
|
▲| species = '''''N. auritus'''''
▲| binomial_authority = ([[Boddaert]], 1783)
}}
The '''African pygmy goose ''' ('''''Nettapus auritus''''') is a [[perching duck]] from [[sub-Saharan Africa]]. It is the smallest of Africa's [[
Though [[pygmy goose|pygmy geese]] have beaks like those of [[geese]], they are more related to the [[dabbling duck]]s and other species called 'ducks'.<ref name=WAZA>{{cite web|title=African pygmy goose|url=http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/ducks-geese-pelikanes-and-relatives/nettapus-auritus|publisher=World Association of Zoos and Aquariums|
It is one of the species to which the ''[[Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds]]'' (AEWA) applies.
==Taxonomy==
The African pygmy goose was described by the French polymath [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]] in his ''Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux'' in 1785.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Buffon | first=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | year=1785 | title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=17 | place=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | page=394 | chapter=La Sarcelle de Madagascar | language=fr | chapter-url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42298257 }}</ref> The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by [[François-Nicolas Martinet]] in the ''Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle'' which was produced under the supervision of [[Edme-Louis Daubenton]] to accompany Buffon's text.<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Buffon | first1=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author1-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | last2=Martinet | first2=François-Nicolas | author2-link=François-Nicolas Martinet | last3=Daubenton | first3=Edme-Louis | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton | last4=Daubenton | first4=Louis-Jean-Marie | author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton | year=1765–1783 | chapter=Sarcelle mâle de Madagascar | title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle | volume=8 | place=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | at=Plate 973 | chapter-url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42298257 }}</ref> Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist [[Pieter Boddaert]] coined the [[binomial name]] ''Anas aurita'' in his catalogue of the ''Planches Enluminées''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Boddaert | first=Pieter | author-link=Pieter Boddaert | year=1783 | title=Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés | place=Utrecht | page=48, Number 770 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27822668 | language=fr }}</ref> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=456 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16109096 }}</ref> The current [[genus]] ''[[Nettapus]]'' was erected by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich von Brandt]] 1836.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Brandt | first=Johann Friedrich von | author-link=Johann Friedrich von Brandt | year=1836 | title=Descriptiones et icones animalium rossicorum novorum vel minus rite cognitorum | volume=Fasciculus 1: Aves | language=la | publisher=Jussu et sumptibus Academiae Scientiarum | page=5 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53584280 }}</ref> The word ''Nettapus'' is from the Ancient Greek ''nētta'' "duck" and ''pous'' "foot". It was thought that the African pygmy goose possessed the feet and body of a duck and the neck of a goose. The specific ''auritus'' is the Latin word for "eared" or "long-eared".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n62 62], 269 }}</ref> The species is [[monotypic]].<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Screamers, ducks, geese & swans | work=World Bird List Version 7.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/waterfowl/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=7 November 2017 }}</ref>
==Description==
[[File:African Pygmy Geese, Moremi Reserve, Botswana.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Photo: Gary Clark]]
The African pygmy goose is one of the smallest of the perching [[duck]]s, and it has the average weight of about {{convert|285|g}} for males and {{convert|260|g}} for females. Length of individual wings is between {{convert|142| mm}} and {{convert|165|mm}} (not to be confused with wingspan).<ref name=Kear2005>{{cite book | title=Ducks, Geese and Swans: Species accounts (Cairina to Mergus) [Volume 2 of Ducks, Geese and Swans: Species accounts]|first1=Janet|last1=Kear|publisher= Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2005 |page=908 |isbn=9780198610090|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2K-9k-_EFcC&q=Nettapus}}</ref><br>
They have a short bill which extends up the forehead so they superficially resemble [[geese]].<br>
The males have a white face with black eye patches. The [[iridescent]] black crown extends down the back of the neck. This structure fringes powder green ear patches. The upper half of the fore neck is white and forms an open collar around the neck whereas the base if the neck and breast are light chestnut colored. The flanks are more intensely chestnut colored and the back is [[Metallic color|metallic]] green. The sixteen tail feathers are black. The wing feathers are black with metallic green iridescence on the coverts, with the exemption of a white bar on the distal secondaries. The belly is white. The bill is yellow with a black tip and the feet are dark-gray to black. The iris of there is reddish brown.<ref name=Kear2005 /><br>
The females have a gray face with a dark brown eye stripe and smudged brown patches on the cheeks and nape. They have dark-brown a forehead, crown and back of the neck with a slight iridescence. The breast and flanks have a dark chestnut coloration. Their back is dark brown. The wing feathers are dark brown-black with the exemption of a white bar on the distal secondaries. The belly is white. The lower part of the bill is yellow, the upper part mottled brown with a dark brown tip and the feet are dark-gray to black.<ref name=Kear2005 /><br>
Ducklings have a white face with a pattern similar to that of the adult female in black and a dark gray eye patch. Their black crown extends in a V-shape from the base of the bill to the back of the neck. The rump and flanks are white, the back and tail black. Neck, breast and belly are light-gray to white the wings are black. The lower part of the bill is pink, the upper part is gray with alight brown tip and the feet are dark-gray to black.<ref name=Kear2005 />
==Distribution==
The African pygmy goose is known to be [[nomad]]ic. It can be found across a wide area of sub-Saharan [[Africa]] and [[Madagascar]].<ref name=Nature>{{cite web|title=African Pygmy Goose, ''Nettapus auritus''|url=http://www.ontfin.com/Word/african-pygmy-goose-nettapus-auritus/|publisher=Nature Notes|
==Behavior==
The African pygmy goose feeds mainly on the seeds of water lilies (''[[Nymphaea]]'' spp.) <ref name=Douthwaite1980>{{cite journal| title= Seasonal changes in the food supply, numbers and male plumages of Pigmy Geese on the Thamalakane river in northern Botswana |first1=Robert John |last1= Douthwaite |journal = Wildfowl | volume = 31 | pages = 94–98 | date = 1980 }}</ref> but also on other floating seeds and small insects as well as other small invertebrates.<ref name=Kear2005 /> <br>
They live in strong pair bonds that may last over several seasons and their breeding is triggered by rains.<ref name=Kear2005 /> In captivity successful breeding is rare,.<ref name=Kolbe1999>{{cite book | title=Die Entenvögel der Welt | edition=5th|first1=Hartmut|last1=Kolbe|publisher= Ulmer-Verlag |location=Stuttgart |year=1999 |page=376}}</ref><ref name=Searle1987>{{cite journal | title=Breeding the African pygmy goose Nettapus auritus in the Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens |first1=K.C.| last1=Searle |journal=International Zoo Yearbook | volume=26 | issue = 1 | pages = 205–207 | date = January 1987 | doi = 10.1111/j.1748-1090.1987.tb03159.x}}</ref>
==References==
{{
==External links==
*{{
* Pygmy goose - [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/114.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds].
{{Taxonbar|from=Q386949}}
[[Category:Birds of Africa]]▼
{{DEFAULTSORT:goose, pygmy, African}}
[[Category:Birds of South Africa]]▼
[[Category:
[[Category:
▲[[Category:Birds of Africa|African pygmy goose]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1783|African pygmy goose]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Pieter Boddaert|African pygmy goose]]
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