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'''Johanna Budwig''' (1908 – 2003) was a German [[biochemist]], [[alternative cancer treatment]] advocate and writer.<ref name="Kerckhof 2020">Kerckhof, Annette. (2020). ''Budwig, Johanna (1908–2003)''. In ''Wichtige Frauen in der Naturheilkunde''. Springer. pp. 65-69. {{ISBN|978-3-662-60458-8}}</ref> Budwig was a [[pharmacist]] and held [[doctorate]] degrees in [[physics]] and [[chemistry]].<ref name= "Mannion2010">{{cite journal |first1= C. |last1= Mannion |first2= S. |last2= Page |first3= L.H. |last3= Bell |first4= M. |last4= Verhoef |title= Components of an anticancer diet: Dietary recommendations, restrictions and supplements of the Bill Henderson Protocol |journal= [[Nutrients (journal)|Nutrients]] |year= 2010 |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–26 |doi= 10.3390/nu3010001 |pmid= 22254073 |pmc= 3257729 |doi-access= free }}</ref> Based on her research on [[fatty acid]]s she developed a [[Lacto vegetarianism|lacto-vegetarian]] diet that she believed was useful in the [[Management of cancer|treatment of cancer]]. There is no clinical evidence that thisthe orBudwig otherdiet [[List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments#Diet-based|"anti-cancer" diets]] areis effective, and the Budwig dietit may because activelyadverse harmfuleffects.<ref name=cruk/><ref name=Hübner2012/>
 
==Biography==
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In 1952 she described a diet which she claimed had anti-cancer effects. She called it the “Budwig protocol”.<ref name="ACSF">{{cite web |publisher= [[American Cancer Society]] |url= http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Flaxseed.asp?sitearea=ETO |title= Flaxseed |date= 2011-10-14 |access-date= 2014-03-18 |website= cancer.org |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100329054117/http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Flaxseed.asp?sitearea=ETO |archive-date= 2010-03-29 }}</ref><ref name="ACSO3">{{cite web |publisher= [[American Cancer Society]] |url= http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Omega-3_Fatty_Acids.asp?sitearea=ETO |title= Omega-3 Fatty Acids |website= cancer.org |date= 2013-01-17 |access-date= 2014-03-18 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090608234220/http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Omega-3_Fatty_Acids.asp?sitearea=ETO |archive-date= 2009-06-08 }}</ref> The focus of this diet is on modifying the intake of dietary fats.<ref name= "Mannion2010"/> It is a lacto-vegetarian diet rich in [[flaxseed oil]] and other cold-pressed vegetable oils, mixed with cottage cheese and meals high in fruits, vegetables with sauerkraut, freshly squeezed juices, nuts and seeds. The diet avoids animal fats, butter, margarine, meat, seafood and sugar.<ref name="Kerckhof 2020"/><ref name="Käsmayr 2017"/> She recommended the consumption of garlic, leeks or onions as these plants contain proteins with sulphur content.<ref name="Kerckhof 2020"/> Her dietary ideas inspired the research of [[Catherine Kousmine]].<ref name="Käsmayr 2017">Käsmayr, Anneli. (2017). ''Culinary Turn Aesthetic Practice of Cookery''. Transcript Verlag. p. 165. {{ISBN|978-3-8376-3031-2}}</ref>
 
WhileThere theis Budwig Protocol has not been thoroughly analyzed, there isno scientificclinical evidence thatsupporting flax seeds, athe componentclaims of this diet, may help in the preventionBudwig anddiet spreadagainst of hormonally-based cancers, especially those of the breastcancer.<ref name=cruk>{{cite journal |last1=Aliani |first1=Michel |last2=Austria |first2=J. Alejandro |last3=Maddaford |first3=Thane G. |last4=Parikh |first4=Mihir |last5=Netticadan |first5=Thomas |last6=Pierce |first6=Grant N.web |title=DietaryBudwig Flaxseed as a Strategy for Improving Human Healthdiet |journalpublisher=National Library[[Cancer ofResearch MedicineUK]] |dateurl=25 May 2019 |url=httpshttp://www.ncbicancerresearchuk.nlm.nih.govorg/pmcabout-cancer/articlescancer-in-general/PMC6567199treatment/# |accesscomplementary-alternative-date=18 July 2023}}<therapies/ref> <ref>{{cite journalindividual-therapies/budwig-diet |last1website=Fritz |first1=Heidi |last2=Flower |first2=Gillian |last3=Balneaves |first3=Lynda G |last4=Verma |first4=Shailendra |last5=Skidmore |first5=Becky |last6=Fernandes |first6=Rochelle |last7=Kennedy |first7=Deborah |last8=Cooley |first8=Kieran |last9=Wong |first9=Raymond |last10=Sagar |first10=Stephen |last11=Fergusson |first11=Dean |last12=Seely |first12=Dugald |title=Flax and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review |journal=National Library of Medicinecancerresearchuk.org |date=8 September 2013 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24013641/ |access-date=1821 JulyDecember 20232018}}</ref> Anti cancer diets still can, regardless of their purported efficacies, cause [[adverse effects]] including [[malnutrition]], [[stomach ache]], [[flatulence]], and [[allergic reactions]].<ref name=cruk/> <ref name= "Hübner2012">{{Cite journal |last1= Hübner |first1= J. |last2= Marienfeld |first2= S. |last3= Abbenhardt |first3= C. |last4= Ulrich |first4= C.M. |last5= Löser |first5= C. |display-authors= 4 |title= Wie sinnvoll sind 'Krebsdiäten'? |trans-title= How useful are diets against cancer? |journal= [[Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift]] |volume= 137 |issue= 47 |pages= 2417–22 |year= 2012 |doi = 10.1055/s-0032-1327276 |pmid= 23152069 |s2cid= 76124925 |language= DE}}</ref><ref name= "ACSF"/> [[Adverse effects]] of the diet have included [[malnutrition]], [[stomach ache]], [[flatulence]], and [[allergic reactions]].<ref name=cruk/><ref name= "Hübner2012"/>
 
People with cancer who delay or forgo effective treatments as a result of using diets such as the Budwig Diet might suffer [[relapse]], experience unnecessary disease progression, and experience continuing cancer-related symptoms.<ref name= "Huebner2014">{{Cite journal |last1= Huebner |first1= J. |last2= Marienfeld |first2= S. |last3= Abbenhardt |first3= C. |last4= Ulrich |first4= C. |last5= Muenstedt |first5= K. |last6= Micke |first6= O. |last7= Muecke |first7= R. |last8= Loeser |first8= C. |display-authors= 4 |title= Counseling patients on cancer diets: A review of the literature and recommendations for clinical practice |journal= [[Anticancer Research]] |volume= 34 |issue= 1 |pages= 39–48 |year= 2014 |pmid= 24403443 |url= http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/34/1/39.long}}</ref>