Content deleted Content added
m added a link to the MCB portal |
|||
(17 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Class of enzyme}}
{{infobox enzyme
| Name = alliin lyase
| EC_number = 4.4.1.4
| CAS_number = 9031-77-0
| GO_code = 0047654
|
|
|
}}
{{Infobox protein family
Line 51:
:an ''S''-alkyl-<small>L</small>-cysteine ''S''-oxide <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate
Hence, this enzyme has one [[substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]], ''S''-alkyl-<small>L</small>-[[cysteine]] [[sulfoxide|''S''-oxide]], and two [[product (chemistry)|products]], alkyl [[sulfenic acid|sulfenate]] and
This enzyme belongs to the family of [[lyase]]s, specifically the class of carbon-sulfur lyases. The [[List of enzymes|systematic name]] of this enzyme class is '''''S''-alkyl-<small>L</small>-cysteine ''S''-oxide alkyl-sulfenate-lyase (2-aminoacrylate-forming)'''. Other names in common use include '''alliinase''', '''cysteine sulfoxide lyase''', '''alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase''', '''''S''-alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase''', '''<small>L</small>-cysteine sulfoxide lyase''', '''''S''-alkyl-<small>L</small>-cysteine sulfoxide lyase''', and '''alliin alkyl-sulfenate-lyase'''. It employs one [[cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactor]], [[pyridoxal phosphate]].
Many alliinases contain a novel ''N''-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain ([[EGF-like domain]]).<ref name="pmid12235163">{{cite journal |
== Occurrence ==
Line 63:
In garlic, an alliinase enzyme acts on the chemical [[alliin]] converting it into [[allicin]]. The process involves two stages: elimination of 2-propenesulfenic acid from the amino acid unit (with α-aminoacrylic acid as a byproduct), and then condensation of two of the [[sulfenic acid]] molecules.
[[Image:Cysteine-to-allicin-2D-skeletal.
Alliin and related substrates found in nature are [[Chirality (chemistry)|chiral]] at the [[sulfoxide]] position (usually having the ''S'' [[Chirality (chemistry)#By configuration: R- and S-|absolute configuration]], and alliin itself was the first natural product found to have both carbon- and sulfur-centered stereochemistry.<ref name="isbn0-85404-190-7">{{cite book | author = Block, Eric
There are a range of similar enzymes that can react with the cysteine-derived sulfoxides present in different species. In onions, an isomer of alliin, isoalliin, is converted to 1-propenesulfenic acid. A separate enzyme, the lachrymatory factor synthase or LFS, then converts this chemical to [[syn-propanethial-S-oxide|''syn''-propanethial-''S''-oxide]], a potent [[lachrymator]]. The analogous [[butyl]] compound, ''syn''-butanethial-''S''-oxide, is found in ''[[Allium siculum]]'' species.<ref>{{cite journal |
==Structural studies==
Line 76:
==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal |
* {{cite journal | last = Goryachenkova | first=E. V. | year = 1952 |
* {{cite journal |
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090720113506/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/lehre/bza/taste/1lk9/1lk9text.htm Genuine Garlic:Alliinase from ''Allium sativum''.]
{{Carbon-sulfur lyases}}
{{Enzymes}}
{{Portal bar|
[[Category:EC 4.4.1]]
|