Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

Timbuŋ

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Timbuŋ
taxon
Yu'ŋmaaO. afer Mali niŋ
Nangban yiŋga YuyaOrycteropus afer Mali niŋ
Yaɣili Kpamlispecies Mali niŋ
Lamba ZuliyaOrycteropus Mali niŋ
Taxon common nameAardvark, Oryctérope, Antbear, Ant Bear, Erdferkel Mali niŋ
Original combinationMyrmecophaga afra Mali niŋ
Biɛhigu sheeiSub-Saharan Africa Mali niŋ
IUCN conservation biɛhiguLeast Concern Mali niŋ
Pilibu saha5 million years BCE Mali niŋ
Diel cyclenocturnal Mali niŋ
Sequenced genome URLhttps://www.dnazoo.org/assemblies/Orycteropus_afer Mali niŋ
Skeleton of an aardvark

Timbuŋ ("/ˈɑːrdvɑːrk/ ARD-vark; Orycteropus afer") nyɛla binkɔb'so ŋun dii bi galisi pam, ka gbiri tiŋgbani, ka gori yuŋ ka gbihiri wuntaŋ ni, ka be Africa.[1][2] Timbuna malila nye waɣila, ka di ŋmani kurichu dini, ka di luɣisiri bindirigu yihirina tiŋgbani ni.

Timbuna ko m-be Siliminsi ni boli kunduna zuliya shɛli "Tubulidentata."[3][4]

Timbuna nyɛla binkɔbiri ban diri yuŋ, timbuna dirila salinsahi yoba, ka mali bɛ nyinnyahi gbiri yihiriba na bɛ biɛhisi shee. Timbuna lahi gbiri vo'shɛŋa ni bƐ mini bɛ zaɣ'bihi ni be.

Yuli mini Pubu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Yuli

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Saha shɛŋa Siliminsi tooi booni timbuŋ "African ant bear",[5] "anteater" (ka di ti gabi di mini "South American anteaters"), bee "Cape anteater"[5] bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli boli "Cape of Good Hope".

Siliminsili ni yuli din nyɛ "aardvark" nyɛla "Afrikaans" (af) ka yina tuuli "Afrikaans erdvark" ni.[5] Di gbunni nyɛla "dunia kurichu" bee "tiŋgbani ni kurichu."[6][7][8]

Siliminsili ni yuli din nyɛ "Orycteropus" gbunni nyɛla "naba ni gbibu", ka yuli din nyɛ "afer" zani ti Africa.[9][10]

Pubu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Skull of an aardvark

Timbuŋ biɛhigu dii bi ŋmani kurichu zaa.[9] bɛ bela Siliminsi ni booni binnɛma zuliya shɛli "Orycteropus", bɛ balibu puuni yini din be Siliminsi ni boli zuliya shɛli "Orycteropodidae" ni. Timbunŋ dii bi ŋmani Siliminsi ni boli ''South American anteater", din mini bɛ mali nahingbana shɛlika di ŋmani taba maa zaa yoli.[11][12][13][14][15][12]

Biɛhigu taɣibu Taarihi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Taarihi wuhiya ni Africa ka timbuna pili zaŋ gbaai saha kamani "Paleocene".[12][16][17][18]

Tuuli din daa mali gabbu daa nyɛla Siliminsi ni boli shɛli "Myorycteropus africanus" ka di yina Kenyan Miocene yaɣa.[12] Tuuli shɛhirili din yina Siliminsi ni boli zuliya shɛli "Orycteropus" n-daa nyɛ "Orycteropus mauritanicus", ka di be Algeria yaɣa zaŋ chaŋ Miocene, ka bɛ bali kuri shɛli gba daa be Kenya.[12] Timbuna piligun nyɛla din chaŋ ti gbaai yuun gbaliŋ, ka be Europe.[12][19]

Balibu din pahi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Timbuna malila balibu pinaayopɔin[3]

  • Orycteropus afer afer (Southern aardvark)
  • O. a. adametzi Grote, 1921 (Western aardvark)
  • O. a. aethiopicus Sundevall, 1843
  • O. a. angolensis Zukowsky & Haltenorth, 1957
  • O. a. erikssoni Lönnberg, 1906
  • O. a. faradjius Hatt, 1932
  • O. a. haussanus Matschie, 1900
  • O. a. kordofanicus Rothschild, 1927
  • O. a. lademanni Grote, 1911
  • O. a. leptodon Hirst, 1906
  • O. a. matschiei Grote, 1921
  • O. a. observandus Grote, 1921
  • O. a. ruvanensis Grote, 1921
  • O. a. senegalensis Lesson, 1840
  • O. a. somalicus Lydekker, 1908
  • O. a. wardi Lydekker, 1908
  • O. a. wertheri Matschie, 1898 (Eastern aardvark)

"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica" gba nyɛla din kali "O. a. capensis" bee "Cape ant-bear" din be South Africa.[20]

Buɣisibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Southern aardvark (O. a. afer) front and rear foot print

Timbuŋ biɛhigu ŋmanila kurichu. O nyaaŋa naɣimi[21] ka mali kɔbiri. O naba dii bi waɣi pam, ka nyaaŋ naba maa waɣi gari tooni dini maa.[15] Tooni napɔŋ maa malila napɔŋbihi anahi, ka nyaaŋa dini maa mi mali napɔnbihi anu. Napɔŋ kam malila napɔŋ nyinnyehi zaɣ'kara. O yi damdi, o zala o napɔŋbihi zuɣu.[21] o malila kɔb'kpeŋ din che ka o gbiri voya. O ni gbiri luɣ'shɛŋa nyɛla din mali alaafee n-ti tihi ni binnɛma.[22][23]

An aardvark skeleton and mounted individual

Timbuŋ timsim paagi kama "60 and 80 kilograms (130–180 lb)".[15] Timbuŋ waɣilim paai kamani "105 and 130 centimetres (3.44–4.27 ft)",[24] ka ni tooi lahi zooi paai kamani "2.2 metres (7 ft 3 in)" o zuli waɣilim din nyɛ kamani "70 centimetres (28 in))" yi yɛn pahi. O malila "60 centimetres (24 in)" waɣim o bɔɣusapima ni, ka o sunsuuni nyɛ kamani "100 centimetres (3.3 ft)".[21] o naba malila kɔbiri din waɣa.[25]Kɔbiri din be o ningbuŋ ni paai balibu dibaa ata zaŋ chaŋ anahi.[21]

Zuɣu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Timbuŋ zuɣu din waɣa nyɛla din tam nyingoli din nyɛ zaɣ'ŋmaa ka be diti zuɣu, ka o nyee nyolini niŋ zaɣi pariti, ka mali nyevoya.[21] Timbuŋ zuɣu nyɛla din mali nahingbaŋ bɔbigu pam. Di puuni yini din gahim n-nyɛ di mali nyina.[15][12] O nyina nyɛla din niŋdi waɣilim pam.[10] Timbuŋ yi dɔɣi bihi, timbuŋ'bihi maa malila nyina, ka lala nyina ŋɔ yi ti vuɣi, di bi lahi binda. Timbuŋ kurili malila nyinbaɣiti ko, ka bɛ nyina laasabu mali nyɛ: 0.0.2-3.30.0.2.3 Lala nyina ŋɔ ka jila.[26] Nyina maa malila nyinbaɣiti pia ni anahi din be zuɣusaa ka nyinbaɣiti pinaayi mi be gbunni.[5] Timbuŋ nyevoya shee gba lahi nyɛla yaɣ'shɛli din gahim pam.[15]

Nyevoya maa kpansi nyɛla din mali kɔbiri.[21] Nyee maa nyoli ni nyɛla di ni tooi dam gili.[15][27]Nyee maa malila kɔb'bala n-gari binkɔbiri ban pahi, lala kɔba ŋɔ paa kamani kɔba dibaa awɔi zaŋ chaŋ kɔba pinaayi, ka baa mi mali dibaa anahi zaŋ chaŋ dibaanu.[10][10] nyee maa malila vo'bihi bɔbigu n-gari binkɔbiri ban pahi[21][12] Nyee maa ŋmanila kurichu nyee. Nangbani maa pɔrimi ka niŋ zaɣi choo, ka ŋmani binkɔbiri ban diri yoba ni salisahi dini. Timbuŋ malila zilin waɣinli din balisi ka ŋmani wahu (ka di waɣilim ni paagi kamani 30 centimetres (12 in)[5]ka mali binshɛŋa din che ka di taɣiri zeɣu.[28] Timbuŋ tiba din wumdi pam,[5] nyɛla din waɣa, kamani 20–25 centimetres (7.9–9.8 in).[21] Timbuŋ malila nina din pɔra.[21]

Bindirigu nɛmbu soli

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Timbuŋ puli ni malila jila din zani ti bimpilinli zaani n-nɛmdi bindirigu, ka di zuŋu che ka bindirigu ŋumbu bi kpa talahi.[4][15] Timbuna balibu zaa nyɛla ban taɣiri zɛɣu pam.[1] Jila din bilisiri nintɔri nyɛla din yi polo gili o nyingoili;[15] lala nitɔri ŋɔ bilisibu n-che ka zilinli ŋ~i tooi gɔri ginga.[21][15][29]

Biɛhigu shee mini galisim

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Timbuna bela "sub-Saharan Africa", luɣ'shɛŋa (mɔri, ti'zimsa ni yɔɣu) mini bindirigu ni be (i.e., salinsahi mini yoba).[30] Wuntaŋ ni bɛ bela voya ni, din yɛn che ka wuntaŋ tulim ku paai ba.[31] Bayaɣiti ni gali luɣ'shɛŋa pam ka bɛ dii kani ka di daliri nyɛla bɛ voya ni gbibu malila tarisi.[3] Bɛ lahi je luɣ'shɛŋa tampima ni galisi, ka di daliri nyɛla bɛ je ni voya gbibu nahimba.[32] Bɛ galisi paai kamani 3,200 metres (10,500 ft), Ethiopia tiŋgbani ni. Bɛ bela "sub-Saharan Africa" zaŋ hali ni South Africa n-ti tabili luɣ'shɛŋa kamani Namibia, Ivory Coast, mini Ghana. Timbuna ka Madagascar.[8]



Timbuna biɛhigu ni taba mini luɣ'shɛŋa bɛ ni be

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Aardvark resting
Entrance to a burrow
Emerging from a burrow

Timbuna ni tooi sɔɣi kpe luɣ'shɛli ti be ni hali ni yuun'pishi ni ata.[1] Timbuna gbulisiri tibili ni binyɛra ban ni tooi gbahiba polo: gbuɣima, jangbuna, cheetahs, yobahi, kunduna, ni waɣimaha.[19][4]NInsalinima shɛba gba gbahiri timbuna niŋdi nimdi.[4] Timbuŋ ni tooi gbi voli nini pɔb'bu ni neebu bee n-guui ŋmaɣi binshɛri din gbahirba, amaa di zaa shɛli yi bi tooi ku bukaata, bɛ malilala nyinnyehi zabira, zuli mini bɛ biya, ka dooni yepiɛliga saha shɛŋa ka tabiri ni naba dibaa anahi maa.[4] Di yi ti miiba luɣ'shɛŋa bɛ tooi saɣindi nimaa ni.[19] Bɛ ni tooi lahi gbi voya ka tiligi saha shɛŋa, di yi ti miina, timbuŋ gbiri voli ni valiŋ.[24]

Dibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
The unusual cross-walk gait of the aardvark

Timbuŋ nyɛla binkɔbigu ŋun gori yuŋ ka di salinsahi mini yoba;[33] binwoli shɛli ko timbuna ni diri nyɛla Siliminsi ni boli binwoli shɛli "aardvark cucumber".[4] Lala binwolli ŋɔ mini timbuna malila biɛhigu ni taba, bɛ yi dili bɛ nyerila di bina miri bɛ biɛhisi din mali vuhim maa shee, ka di ʒi maa bili nimaani. TImbuna maa nimaani ni biɛhigu maa nyɛla din sɔŋdi lala tihi ŋɔ ka di zoori yom' ka timbuna maa vuhiri di mahim.[19][24]Timbuna bi diri salina ʒehi.[2]Bɛ bɔrila binnɛma ban zooi dibu.[34]Timbuna yirimina bɛ voya ni wuntaŋ yi ti maara bee wuntaŋ yi ti puhira, ka no tooi go n-wɔligi bɛ biɣisi shee kamani "10 to 30 kilometres (6.2 to 18.6 mi)". Saha shɛli bɛ ni bɔri bindirigu shee maa, bɛ malila bɛ nyehi firi tiŋgbani ni ka zaŋ bɛ tiba bahi tooni, ka di wuhiri ni ʒeɣu taɣibu mini tibili gbulisibu zaa bela bɛ bindirigu bɔbu ni. Bɛ yi bɔri bindirigu shee bɛ golindila bɛ soya ka ku doli so yini paai kamani dabaanu zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anii ka di daliri nyɛla di chemika yoba maa yɛligiri pahiri ka bɛ dira.[35]

Bɛ yi gora bɛ malila bɛ tooni napona gbiri vo'mulima bahirra ni di che ka bɛ tooi doli lala soli ŋɔ baŋdi bɛ biɛhigu sheei.[33] BƐ yi ni nya yoma mini salinsahi, bɛ malila bɛ tooni naba gbiri ni nimmohi, ka duhi bɛ tyiba zuɣusaa n-gbulisiri tibili ni bɛ dimba, ka mali bɛ zilima maa gbahi binneen'bɔbigu—kamani tuhi pihinu yuŋ dahinyini puli ni. Bɛ nyinnyehi ŋɔ chemi ka bɛ tooi gbiri yihiri yoba na yom. Bɛ bi saɣiri vuhiri saɣiri niŋdi bɛ nyehi ni, ka di nyɛla bɛ ŋariti li mi.[36] Bɛ yi di nasara, timbuŋ zinli din waɣilim nyɛ kamani ("30 centimetres (12 in)"[37] leeenil;a binniɛma. Timbuna yi chaŋ yob'duu gbuni ka ŋmaligi, binkɔbiri ban kpalim gba chanimi ti gahim bɛ ni diu ka che shɛli.[38] Yob'duri ni ko bindira bɛ saɣiri timbuna, di zuɣu bɛ gindimi bɔri yoba ban gɔriginda. Lala binnɛma ŋɔ yi chana, bɛ ni tooi pe laai nima kamani "10–40 metres (33–131 ft)" ka di zuɣu che ka timbuna ŋɔ tooi gbahiriba alaha.Lala binnɛma ŋɔ zooi la binkɔb'kara ni be shɛli [38] Ni mɔri mini binkɔbiri maa bina nyɛla yoba ŋɔ ni doli shɛli.[38]

Bɛ mali yaa pam di yi niŋ ka yuŋ na bi zibi pam (kamani yuŋ kuriga anii zaŋ chaŋ kurigi pinaayi); amaa, bɛ bɛ bi doli yuŋ din zimsi pam bee din bi zimsa. Tulim bee maasim yi galisi nyaŋba, bi labirila bɛ voya ni. Bɛ gɔri paari kamani "2 and 5 kilometres (1.2 and 3.1 mi)" yuŋ kam puli ni; amaa, amaa vihigu shɛŋa wuhiya ni bɛ ni tooi go m-paai kamani "30 kilometres (19 mi)" yuŋ dahinyini puuni.[33]

Timbuna gɔri yuŋ gari wuntaŋ ni.[39]

Kumsi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Timbuna nyɛla binkɔbiri ban bi yori vuri. Amaa, amaa bɛ nyɛla ba ŋumdi bɛ yi ti bɔri bindirigu sheei.[40] ka chehiri di yi ti niŋ ka dabiɛm gbahiba.[4] Varisigu yi varisiba bɛ kperila bɛ voya ni. di yi ni ka binshɛɣu bɛ miri ba ka bɛ gbi shɛli yom. Lala vo'palli ŋƆ bɛ yɛn zilima, ka bɛ yina di yi niŋ ka lala pɔhim biɛɣu maa gari.[41]

Chandi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

TImbuna nyɛla ban duɣiri kom pam.[41] TImbuŋ ni tooi zaŋ minti anu gbi voli din zilima[42] but otherwise moves fairly slowly.

Bɛ yi gɔri yuŋ, bɛ fahirimi zani voli maa nolini kamani minti pia zuɣu, n-tihindi ka gbulisiri tibili. Lala siɣa ŋɔ niŋbu nyaaŋa, bɛ yirimina zaŋ "seconds" chaŋ kamani "10 metres (33 ft)". ka naan yi zani, n-gbulisi tibili, ka gbuligiri di zuɣu gbulsiri tibili, ka yiɣi zani ha ka pili chandi.[17]

Yoba mini salinsahi gbibu nyaaŋa, timbuŋ lahi gbiri vo'shɛŋa ni bɛ ni be, ka di mali siɣim buta: vo'shɛŋa bɛ ni gbiri bɛ bindira bɔbu ni, yaakoro mini vuhi shee, ni bɛ ni be luɣ'shɛŋa saha kam.[33] vo'shɛŋa ni bɛ ni be sahakam nio tooi mali dunoya pam ka ni tooi zilim paai kamani 13 metres (43 ft).[33] Ninsali no tooi kpe bɛ voya ŋɔ yini kam ni.[24] Timbuna taɣirila bɛ vo'shɛŋa ni bɛ ni be nahingbana sahakam, ka tooi lahi taɣiri vo'pala. Bɛ vo'kura nyɛla biɛhisi shee zaŋ ti mɔɣuni binkɔbiri. Bɛ yi zo ka che li mɔguni binkɔbiri kamani yobahi, dɛhi mini binkɔbiri ban pahi nyɛla ban zaŋdi li niŋdi bɛ biɛhisi shee.[39] Binkɔbi shɛba ban lahi kperi din ni nyɛla waɣimaha, kunduna baŋa ni soonsi. Lala voya ŋɔ yi di kani buɣim yi di taai yɔɣu ni di naan ku binkɔbiri pam.[39] Timbuŋ nyaŋ mini zaɣi bihi ko n-laɣimdi voli ni; amaa, timbuna bela tooi laɣimdi voli ni, di leei zoomi ka yini yini be voli ni.[24]Binshɛɣu yi liri o voli ni di gbiri la vo'palli m-puhi yi ka tɔ tankpa palli maa ŋari, di suhu yi bɔra ka di gili ti kpe vo'kurili maa ni ti zabi ni nyinyehi.[24]TImbuna tooi sɔgiri gbihiri yob'du kura ni ka di tiligiri ba ka cheri bɛ dimba.[27]

Dɔɣibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Aardvark mother and young

Timbuŋ baɣili niŋdila chira ayopɔin,[33] timbuŋ bili timsi paai kamani " 1.7–1.9 kilograms (3.7–4.2 lb)'[43] Bɛ dɔɣirla Anashaara goli May zaŋ chaŋ Anashaara goli July.[22] Timbuŋ yi dɔɣi, timbuŋbihi maa malila tibi tabila. DI yi mɔɣira, di mɔgirimi yihi bihi zuɣu kam di beni na.[1] Bakoi dibaa ayi nyaaŋa, di nigbungbaŋ taɣirimi ka bakoi dibaa ata nyaaŋa, tiba maa ni tooi gbaai.[1] Bakoi dibaa anu zaŋ chaŋ dibaa ayɔbu nyaaŋa, ka ningbuna ni kɔbiri pili zoobu.[1]Bakoi dibaa ayi nyaaŋa, timbuŋ bili ni tooi doli o ma go ka di yoba bakoi dibaa awɔi nyaaŋa,[1]ka ni tooi mɔɣi paai bakoi dibaa ata[24] zaŋ chaŋ bakoi pinaayɔbu.[33] Timbuŋbili yi paai chira ayɔbu, di tooi gbi di maŋmaŋa voli, amaa di yɛn bela di ma sani hali ka di waɣibu saha ti lahi paai,[33] ka di gba ni tooi dɔɣi kamani yuma ayi nyaaŋa.[24]

Gubu mini taɣibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Di daa ŋmanila timbuna filimdi mi,[24] amaa, di ni tooi niŋ lala, ka di daliri nyɛla bɛ nyabu bi niŋ alaha.[27] Bɛ galisim bɛ yi polo ka di nyɛla bɛ ni gori yuŋ mini bɛ ni be voya ni la zuɣu; amaa, bɛ kalinli ŋmanila di za luɣ'yini. Africa bɛ dii bi niŋ bayana shɛli polo, amaa bɛ ni be luɣa pam la zuɣu, bɛ kali nyɛla di kuli beni. bɛ ni tooi filim bela eastern, northern, mini western Africa. Southern African kalinli bɛ filimda.[19] Bɛ ni mali bɛ ni diri bindiri shɛŋa la zuɣu; di ni tooi che ka bɛ filimda.[24]

Vihigu wuhiya ni tiŋgbani nama tɛri taɣibu ni tooi dam timbuna ka di daliri nyɛla tulim ni tooi kuri salinsahi mini yoba, bɛ ni diri bindiri shɛŋa.[43] Bindirigu kalinsi ni tooi che ka bɛ ni tooi gɔri yuŋ mini wuntaŋ ni zaa, amaa di dolila dabisili maa tulim ni nyɛ shɛm. Timbuna vihigu niŋbu Kalahari bɔpiɛligu ni wuhiya ni tulim kula timbuna anu zaŋ chaŋ ayɔbu.[44] Tulim yi kpe timbuŋ, di ni yuui pam ka o ti lahi labina o daalaafee ni.

Timbuna wumsibu shee tulli daa nyɛla "London Zoo" din daa pili yuuni 1869, din daa mali binkɔbiri ban yina South Africa.[19]

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Africa salima ni, niriba bɔrila timbuŋa zaŋ chaŋ o nimmohi ni bindirigu polo ni di ni bɛ lahi zori daiɛm ni yob'dahi la zuɣu. Hausa tabiibi niŋdi zaŋla timbuŋ suhui ni dabara, gbaŋ, gbɛɣu, n-ti tabili timbuŋ nyinnyehi, ka bɛ laɣimdi di mini tia shɛli tɔri gabiri taba. Ka zaŋli pɔbi gbaŋ shɛli ni yɛtili bɛ nyɔri ni, ni lala tabiibi maa cherimi ka ŋun malili ni tooi pili yi dikpuni ni bee chamsi ni yuŋ.[45] Yaha, bali shɛŋa, kamani Margbetu, Ayanda, ni Logo,[18] malila timbuna nyina maani nyingokɔriti, ka bɛ booni li saha tibu tabiibi.[4] O nimdi, din mali kurichu nahingbana, nyɛla bɛ ni diri shɛli kaya ni taɣa shɛŋa ni.[4] Dagbamba ban be Ghana malila dihitabili ni timbuŋ malila tima.[43] Dagbamba dihimitabili ni timbuŋ ni tooi lee ninsali n-kpe n-gari ninsalinima ni.[46]

Buku di nyɛ bihi dini ka nyɛ ninliha kpanjɔɣu, WGBH ni yihi shɛli na, ka bɛ niŋli tiŋgban gari kɔbigu ni pihinii ni, nyɛla timbuŋ.[47] Buku maa tuuli yaɣili ni, "Arthur's Nose" (1976), o malila nye waɣinli din ŋmani timbuŋ dini,[48] amaa bukunima din pahi ni, ka o nini maa kpulim pam.[49]

"Otis the Aardvark" daa nyɛla beebii m-be "Children's BBC" ni.

Bɛ daa pala "F-111/FB-111" yupaa boli litimbuŋ ka di nyɛla di nyee ŋmanila lala binkɔbigu maa. US linjimanima ni, bɛ daa tila "VF-114" yupaa boli li timbuŋ, "F-4s" din yiɣiri mini "F-14s".

"Cerebus the Aardvark" nyɛla kpɛrigu buku shɛli Dave Sim ni yihina.

Kundivihira

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Hoiberg 2010, pp. 3–4
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Aardvark, n." Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. 26 February 2019.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Schlitter 2005, p. 86
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (in English). JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Goodwin 1997, pp. 2–3
  6. ↑ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 2010
  7. ↑ Tɛmplet:Cite OED
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "aardvark". Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English. 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shoshani 2002, p. 618
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Shoshani 2002, p. 619
  11. ↑ Fullerlove, Gina, ed. (2002). Encyclopedia of life sciences. London: Nature Publ. Group. ISBN 978-1-56159-274-6.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Rahm 1990, pp. 453–454
  13. ↑ Asher, Bennett & Lehmann 2009, p. 854
  14. ↑ Rodriguez 2013, p. 6
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 Rahm 1990, pp. 450–451
  16. ↑ Shoshani 2002, p. 620
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 (March 2007) "Additional material of the enigmatic Early Miocene mammal Kelba and its relationship to the order Ptolemaiida". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 (13): 5510–5. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0700441104. PMID 17372202.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Seiffert, Erik R (2007). "A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence". BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 (1): 224. DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224. PMID 17999766.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 (2013) "A Molecular Phylogeny of Plesiorycteropus Reassigns the Extinct Mammalian Order 'Bibymalagasia'". PLOS ONE 8 (3): e59614. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0059614. PMID 23555726.
  20. ↑ Tɛmplet:Cite EB1911
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 Rahm 1990, p. 452
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 (11 July 2018) "Digging the compromise: investigating the link between limb bone histology and fossoriality in the aardvark (Orycteropus afer)". PeerJ 6: e5216. DOI:10.7717/peerj.5216. PMID 30018860.
  23. ↑ (1 August 2018) "Ecosystem engineering through aardvark (Orycteropus afer) burrowing: Mechanisms and effects". Ecological Engineering 118: 66–72. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.04.022.
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 Haussmann, Natalie S. (2018-08-01). "Ecosystem engineering through aardvark (Orycteropus afer) burrowing: Mechanisms and effects". Ecological Engineering 118: 66–72. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.04.022. ISSN 0925-8574.
  25. ↑ Martin, Elizabeth A., ed. (1985). Macmillan dictionary of life sciences (2nd ed., repr ed.). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-34867-3.
  26. ↑ Martin 1983, p. 377
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Taylor, W. A. (2004-01). "Adaptations of the aardvark for survival in the Karoo: a review" (in en). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 59 (2): 105–108. DOI:10.1080/00359190409519169. ISSN 0035-919X.
  28. ↑ Taylor & Skinner 2004, p. 106
  29. ↑ Anon 2003
  30. ↑ African Wildlife Foundation 2013
  31. ↑ Grzimek's encyclopedia of mammals. Internet Archive. New York : McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 1990. ISBN 978-0-07-909508-4.CS1 maint: others (link)
  32. ↑ Rahm 1990, p. 455
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 van Aarde 1984, pp. 466–467
  34. ↑ Aardvark at Animal Corner (2013-07-26).
  35. ↑ Melton, Derek A. (1976-06). "The biology of aardvark (Tubulidentata‐Orycteropodidae)" (in en). Mammal Review 6 (2): 75–88. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1976.tb00204.x. ISSN 0305-1838.
  36. ↑ Rey, Benjamin (2017-07). "Drought-induced starvation of aardvarks in the Kalahari: an indirect effect of climate change". Biology Letters 13 (7): 20170301. DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0301. ISSN 1744-9561. PMID 28724691.
  37. ↑ Cute as a Button but a Pain in my Butt: The Aardvark.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Rahm 1990, p. 457
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 (2020) "Increased Diurnal Activity Is Indicative of Energy Deficit in a Nocturnal Mammal, the Aardvark". Frontiers in Physiology 11. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2020.00637. ISSN 1664-042X. PMID 32733261.
  40. ↑ Archive copy.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 ThriftBooks. Arthur's Nose book by Marc Brown (en).
  42. ↑ ThriftBooks. Arthur's Eyes: An Arthur Adventure book by Marc Brown (en).
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Melton, Derek A. (June 1976). "The biology of aardvark (Tubulidentata-Orycteropodidae)" (in en). Mammal Review 6 (2): 75–88. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1976.tb00204.x. ISSN 0305-1838.
  44. ↑ (2017-07-31) "Drought-induced starvation of aardvarks in the Kalahari: an indirect effect of climate change". Biology Letters 13 (7): 20170301. DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0301. PMID 28724691.
  45. ↑ Rebecca 2007
  46. ↑ te Velde 1997, p. 13
  47. ↑ WGBH 2013
  48. ↑ Arthur's Nose, Thriftbooks; accessed 2020.09.29.
  49. ↑ Arthur's Eyes, Thriftbooks; accesses 2020.09.29.
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