File:Wappen röm.kaiser.JPG

English: 1605 coat of arms of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. The title reads Röm[isch] Kayserlicher und Kön[iglicher] May[estät] Wappen. Armorial from Siebmachers Wappenbuch, published in 1605, during the reign of Rudolf II. The coats of arms represent the Habsburg possessions of the late 16th to early 17th century, applicable to emperors Ferdinand I, Maximilian II and Rudolf II. The coat of arms at the center (Bindenshild (Habsburg (modern)/Babenburg) impaling Castile) combines the Austrian and Castilian coats of arms, representing descent from w:Joanna of Castile (mother of Ferdinand I) of the House of Trastámara (herself the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon).

The Bindenschild impaling Castile was first adopted as the arms of w:Philip I of Castile ("Philip the Handsome/Fair") (1478-1506), of the House of Habsburg, ruler of the Burgundian Netherlands and titular Duke of Burgundy from 1482 to 1506, as well as the first Habsburg King of Castile (as Philip I) for a brief time in 1506. In 1496 he married w:Joanna of Castile, the second daughter of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. He was the son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor by his wife Mary of Burgundy. These impaled arms were also displayed by his successors including Rudolf II Ferdinand I and Maximilian II.

Also shown is the Order of the Golden Fleece, of which the Habsburg emperors were members since Charles V. It is crowned by an early version of the imperial Crown of Austria. The eagle is circumscribed by the coats-of-arms the major territories held by the Habsburg emperors at the time. These are the Kingdoms of Hungary (both coats of arms are shown, see en:Coat of arms of Hungary), Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia (i.e. Bosnia), the Archduchy of Austria, the Duchies of Burgundy Styria and Carniola (i.e. Slovenia),

and the County of Tyrol.