File:The Americana - a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc. of the world (1903) (14782182034).jpg

Identifier: americanauniver08beac (find matches)
Title: The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc. of the world
Year: 1903 (1900s)
Authors: Beach, Frederick Converse, 1848-1918 Rines, George Edwin, 1860-
Subjects: Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Publisher: New York : Scientific American Compiling Dept.
Contributing Library: Robarts - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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ay from both land and sea,the possibilities of trade were incalculably en-larged. Despite the clandestine rivalry ofMontreal traders who intercepted their boats,the gross volume increased manifold, and itwas not crippled by the ravages ot France in1782, as part of the war begun in 1778, whenthey captured and partly ruined the massivestone Fort Prince of Wales at the mouth ofChurchill River, and altogether destroyed prop-erty valued by the company at half a millionpounds. But a much worse rivalry was at hand,organized and powerful: the Northwest Com-pany (q.v.), started on a co-operative plan in1784 by an association of Scotch merchants inMontreal. The Declaration of Rights havingguaranteed free and open trade to all Britishsubjects, this company invaded its rivals terri-tory, and the trade competition for many yearsmerged into actual war. In 1821 they had doneeach other so much harm that they consolidated,and Parliament in view of the evils of competi- (II DSON RIVER Kko.M WEST POINT.
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f. Looking eastward, showing the Dade monunieiit.2. Looking northward from the battery. HUE —IIUGGINS tion empowered the crown to issue licenses forthe Indian territories,2 which was exercised infavor of the new company, Meantime explora-tion had been steadily enlarging the territory:Samuel Hearne for the old company had reachedthe Arctic in 1771, Alexander Mackenzie for thenew one readied the Pacific in 1703. With theUnited States, its rivalry for the far Northwestwas strenuous and persistent : it planted postsin the Oregon district, repelled settlers, andthere was much danger of war till the boundarysettlement of 1846 quieted the dispute. In 1849it secured a grant of Vancouver Island. Thiswas the time of its palmiest growth. In 1846 ithad 513 employees and 35 officers, in 1856 it hadover 3,000 employees and officers together, with152 posts. Its trade monopoly expired by lim-itation in 1850, hut there was also a great desireto settle the Northwest Territories, with whichthe fur-tra

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