Commons:Briefmarken
Ein Bild einer Briefmarke muss public domain oder frei lizenziert sein, bevor es in Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann.
Die Urheberrechtsregeln für Briefmarken sind von Land zu Land unterschiedlich. Briefmarken können als staatliche Werke betrachtet werden, die nicht urheberrechtlich geschützt sind, obwohl es Commons:Nicht-urheberrechtliche Beschränkungen gibt, in denen die Stempel verwendet werden können. Sie können als staatliche oder korporative Werke betrachtet werden, die für einen definierten Zeitraum, beispielsweise 50 Jahre nach ihrer Herausgabe, urheberrechtlich geschützt sind. Der Copyright-Begriff kann sich auf die Lebensdauer der Mitwirkenden am Stempeldesign beziehen und kann sich nach dem Tod des letzten Überlebenden auf 70 Jahre oder mehr erstrecken.
Ziel dieser Projektseite ist es, die urheberrechtliche Situation von Briefmarken zu klären. Es enthält Informationen, die von Seiten aufgeschlüsselt werden und die für jedes Land relevanten Regeln beschreiben.
Siehe auch: Commons:Stamps/Public domain templates
COM:Abkhazia
Abchasien
use {{PD-AB-exempt}}
COM:Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Copyright expires 50 years after first put in circulation.[2008 Article 16.1.6]. For stamps published more than 50 years ago (before 1 January 1974) use {{PD-Afghanistan}}.
COM:Albania
Albanien
verwende {{PD-Albania-exempt}}
The Albanian Government regulation on postal stamps considers stamps as means of payment (General Provisions, Article 2: "Postal stamp is used to pay for postal services .."). Means of payment are exempt from copyright, see Not protected section above.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Albania
COM:Algeria
Algerien
Keine Information verfügbar
COM:Angola
Angola
Keine Information verfügbar
COM:Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua und Barbuda
Public domain for the stamps published before 1 January 1974 (older than 50 years) if the work is anonymous. See {{PD-Antigua and Barbuda}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Antigua and Barbuda
COM:Argentina
Argentinien
The basic copyright law of Argentina is Law No. 11.723 of September 28, 1933, on Legal Intellectual Property Regime (Copyright Law, as last amended by Law No. 26.570 of November 25, 2009). There is no mention of stamps or official works in the law, but Article 8 (as translated) says that "The ownership of anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons shall last for 50 years from the date of publication of those works." The government of Argentina is an institution and not a natural person so assume that where a stamp is anonymous, it is out of copyright after 50 years. Use {{PD-AR-Anonymous}} where applicable. If the designer of the stamp is shown, the stamp will remain in copyright for seventy years after death.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Argentina
COM:Armenia
Armenien
verwende {{PD-AM-exempt}}.
Stamps appear to qualify as "state symbols and signs", which are not subject to copyright under the 2013 version of the copyright law [2013 Article 4.1(d)]. The Law HO-46-N of December 14, 2004 On Postal Communication, amended in 2023, states that postal stamps are "state postal payment symbols".[1]
COM:Australia
Australien
Australia Post claims copyright ownership of Australian stamps for 50 years from publication (http://www.caslon.com.au/ipguide24.htm). Stamps published before 1 January 1974 can be tagged with {{PD-Australia}}.
Schöpfungshöhe
Nicht OK for most logos. The level of originality required for copyright protection in Australia is very low. Images showing the en:Australian Aboriginal Flag were consistently deleted from Commons as an Australian court has ruled that the flag is copyrighted.
[2] See the discussions in Category:Australian Aboriginal flag related deletion requests.
-
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is allowed on Commons only because the Australian government has purchased the copyright from the original author, retroactively applying laws that place it in public domain in its country of origin
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Australia
COM:Austria
Österreich
The Austrian postal service (Österreichische Post) has limited copyright for all stamps and the displayed images. The stamps can be used for sale, manufacture and advertising. For all other imaging requests (such as printing works, books or encyclopedias) the respective postage stamp designer needs to be contacted, since it is not advertising. For each stamp a release must be obtained individually. The contact addresses of the designers are subject to data privacy. See de:Wikipedia:Briefmarken#.C3.96sterreichische_Post. Therefore the general copyright term applies (pma + 70).
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Austria
COM:Azerbaijan
Aserbaidschan
use {{PD-AZ-exempt}}
An exception is File:1995 John Lennon..jpg.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Azerbaijan
COM:Bahrain
Bahrain
Keine Information verfügbar
COM:Bangladesh
Bangladesch
. Vor 2032 dürfen keine Bilder von bangladeschischen Briefmarken hochgeladen werden, da die ersten Briefmarken am 29. Juli 1971 ausgegeben wurden und die Urheberrechtsfrist für staatliche Werke beträgt 60 Jahre ab Veröffentlichung. Die Briefmarken von 1971 könnten im Jahr 2032 hochgeladen werden.
COM:Barbados
Barbados
Keine Information verfügbar
COM:Belarus
Belarus
verwende {{PD-BY-exempt}}
According to the Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 262-Z of May 17, 2011, "state symbols and signs (flag, coat of arms, anthem, awards, banknotes and other signs)" are not copyrightable.[262-Z/2011 Art.7(2)] According to the Postage Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 258-З of December 15, 2003, "postage stamp is an official (state) sign of postage printed on paper and carrying an artwork, and inscriptions "БЕЛАРУСЬ", "BELARUS", year of issue (in Arabic letters) and a par value (in Arabic figures). The par value of postage stamp may be designated in letters."[3]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Belarus
COM:Belgium
Belgien
In Belgien ist ein Bild einer Briefmarke urheberrechtsfrei, wenn die folgenden Bedingungen erfüllt sind:
70 Jahre nachdem La Poste / De Post die Briefmarke herausgegeben hat UND 70 Jahre nachdem der Entwerfer des Bildes auf der Briefmarke gestorben ist.
Die Werke der folgenden Künstler sind gemeinfrei, weil der Künstler vor dem 31. Dezember 1945 gestorben ist.
- Baugniet, Charles (1814-1886)
- Houyoux, Léon (1856-1940)
- Meunier, Henri (1873–1922)
- Vloors, Émile (1871–1952)
Die Werke der folgenden Künstler werden am 1. Januar, 70 Jahre nach ihrem Tod, gemeinfrei sein
- Bonnevalle, Oscar (1920-1993)
- De Bast, Jean (1883-1975)
- Dolphyn, William (1935–2016)
- Van Noten, Jean (1903–1982)
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Belgium
COM:Belize
Belize
According Belize's Copyright Act of 2000, where a protected work has been made by or under the direction or control of the Government and, apart from this subsection no copyright would subsist in the work, then copyright shall subsist therein by virtue of this subsection and shall initially belong to the State.[Cap.252/2000 Section 25(4)] No special terms are specified for stamps or other government works, so standard copyright rules apply.
For stamps issued before Belizean independence (1981), crown copyright applies.
Keine Information verfügbar
COM:Bolivia
Bolivien
The Law No.1322 of April 13, 1992 on Copyright states that copyright protection expires 50 years after the author's death calculated from 1 January following the year of death.[1322/1992 Article 18] For "anonymous works ... and in pseudonymous works, the economic rights shall last 50 years after the works have been made known" also calculated from 1 January of the following year.[1322/1992 Article 19]
For stamps published more than 50 years ago (before 1 January 1974) use {{PD-Bolivia}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Bolivia
COM:Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnien und Herzegowina
Keine Information verfügbar
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina
COM:Botswana
Botswana
Keine Information verfügbar
COM:Brazil
Brasilien
- Before 1983
use {{PD-BrazilGov}}
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Brazil
COM:Brunei
Brunei Darussalam
Keine Information verfügbar
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Brunei
COM:Bulgaria
Bulgarien
Keine Information verfügbar
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Bulgaria
COM:Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso
Keine Information verfügbar
COM:Burundi
Burundi
Stamps are not included among the types of work for which copyright does not apply.[Act 1/021 2005 Article 7] If the author is known, a stamp would be protected for life + 50 years.[Act 1/021 2005 Article 58] Otherwise, as an anonymous or collective work it would be protected for publication + 50 years.[Act 1/021 2005 Article 60–61]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Burundi
COM:Canada
Kanada
There is no special provision in the copyright law for postage stamps. Section 12 of the 1921 Copyright Act of Canada states that for government works (work that is, or has been, prepared or published by or under the direction or control of Her Majesty or any government department) the copyright is 50 years following the end of the calendar year during which the work has been published. This is known as Crown copyright.
There are also special non-copyright regulations which apply: see https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._1292/page-1.html.
For stamps published more than 50 years ago (before 1st of January 1974) use {{PD-Canada-stamp}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Canada
Keine Information verfügbar
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Chile
Siehe auch: Commons:Briefmarken
As mentioned elsewhere (see Manchukuo and Wang Jingwei regime CRT pages), stamps issued by the government of Manchukuo, or the Wang Jingwei regime are nowadays in public domain, as both are considered as puppet regimes by Chinese Government, and hence never recognized their copyright status.
Pending informations, but in normal cases Not OK for nearly all non-Manchukuo, non-Wang-regime stamps in China, because in most cases, the dates of birth of authors of those stamps are not publicly known, unless if that's issued before Jan 1, 1929 which is a {{PD-anon-expired}} case, we should de facto judge them as copyrighted by China Post or its affiliates (e.g. Beijing Stamp Factory).[4]
In rare cases, if the dates of birth of authors of some individual stamps are known, those can enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of China
COM:Colombia
Kolumbien
Stamps appear to be out of copyright after 70 years. If stamp is published before 1 January 1954 please use {{PD-Colombia}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Colombia
COM:Costa Rica
Costa Rica
The basic copyright law of Costa Rica is: Ley Nº 6683 - Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos. There are no specific provision for copyrights of postage stamps, but all works are copyrighted until 70 years after the author's death. In the case of government agencies and other public entities the copyrights of official works expired after 25 years, and in special cases after 50 years (i.e. books), both since the original publication date.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Costa Rica
Modern stamps of this country are not in public domain or their status is unknown. Cuba was under Spanish control until 1898 and then under U.S. control until the Republic was established on May 20, 1902. Accordingly, the copyright applicable to stamps issued during those time periods would be Spain and the U.S.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Cuba
COM:Czech Republic
Tschechien
Postal stamps of Czechia (they are since 1993) are copyrighted 70 years after the author's death by both authors: an engraver and a graphic artist. They are not official works. Stamps are officially announced in Poštovní věstník (Postal bulletin, it is published at least since 2000) and texts in this bulletin is public domain but the stamps are copyrighted.
COM:Czechoslovakia
Tschechoslowakei
Postage stamps of Czechoslovakia (published in 1918-1939 and in 1945-1992) are copyrighted 70 years after the author's death by both authors: an engraver and a graphic artist. (see overview of artists) Stamps issued before 1922 are PD with exception of portrait of TGM and Dove. Between 1934-1939 are PD stamps engraved by Bohumil Heinz with some exceptions (non PD graphic artist).
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Czechoslovakia
COM:Ecuador
Ecuador
Under the Intellectual Property Law (Codification No. 2006-13) there is no exception for stamps, which would be protected for 70 years from publication.
- Protected works shall include, inter alia, the following: ... works of painting, drawing, engraving and lithography ....[2006-13 Art.8(f)]
- The employer or commissioner owns copyright in works by made employees or commissioned.[2006-13 Art.16]
- Where the holder of rights in a work from the time of creation of the work is a legal person, the period of protection shall be 70 years from the making, disclosure or publication of the work, whichever is the later.[2006-13 Art.81]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Ecuador
COM:El Salvador
El Salvador
According to the 2017 revision, works owned by legal entities are protected for 70 years counted from 1 January of the year following that of first publication.[2017 Article 86(c)]
Translation of the specific permission to use images of postage stamps for non-commercial educational, philatelic and cultural purposes was contained in an email message dated 11 January 2007 from Silvia María Orantes, Head of the Philatelic Office, Government of El Salvador but commercial restriction images are not permitted here.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of El Salvador
COM:Ethiopia
Äthiopien
. There are no specific laws on the copyright status of stamps. Ethiopian stamps are in the public domain 50 years after the date of issue, per the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Proclamation No. 410/2004, which states that "Economic rights shall belong to the author during his lifetime and to the heirs or legatees for fifty years from the date of death of the author" (Art. 20) and "The economic rights relating to an audiovisual work shall be protected for fifty years beginning from the date of making of the work or communication of the work to the public, which ever date is the latest."
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Ethiopia
COM:Faroe Islands
Färöer
COM:Finland
Finnland
Åland has its own laws on postal matters; the discussion below does not concern stamps of Åland.
Stamps issued before 1990
Before 1990 stamps were issued by a public body whose decisions and statements are not protected by copyright. See #Not protected (above). If an image of a stamp was included in a public body's decision or statement and the stamp is not an independent work, the image would be free of copyright as part of the document, the document can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and the image can be cropped from this document. Use {{PD-FinlandStamp}} in these cases.
It is uncertain how the above affects the copyright of stamps depicted in other places. The precautionary principle is that we assume a stamp is copyrighted unless proven otherwise. A copyrighted stamp will lose copyright protection 70 years after the author's death or 70 years after publication if the author is anonymous. Information on the author of a stamp will often be available at Postimuseo's Postimerkkiselain, and should be included in the stamp description where available. Use {{PD-old-70}} or {{PD-anon-70}} in these cases.
Stamps issued from 1990
Posts and Telecommunications of Finland became a state-owned enterprise known as Posti-Tele in 1990. It is not clear whether this entity and its successors retained the status of public bodies. The precautionary principle is that we assume it did not, and any new stamps issued from 1990 onward remain copyrighted.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Finland
COM:France
Frankreich
According to La Poste, French stamps have the same legal status as any other work of art. Stamps by designers deceased more than 70 years ago are public domain.[5] The names of the artists are generally printed at the bottom of the stamps or its main picture. Check the individual artists death dates in the frwiki category: Dessinateur de timbres/Stamp designers and also the French Phil-ouest website that lists many more than have wiki articles.
On 1st January 2015, it appears that all postage stamps of France issued until 1922 are in the public domain (doubts about the 1919 stamp known as "The Two Orphans" – cause: no information found on the date of death of Surand and Jarraud).
The following list of artists whose works are in public domain in France (but not necessarily in the United States) because they died before 31 December 1953 is non-exhaustive:
- Barre, Jacques-Jean (1793–1855)
- Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eugène (1798–1863)
- Barre, Désiré-Albert (1818–1878)
- Merwart, Paul (1855–1902)
- Blanc, Joseph (1846–1904)
- Dubois, Alphée (1831–1905)
- Chaplain, Jules (1839–1909)
- Sage, Jules-Auguste (1840–1910)
- Roty, Oscar (1846–1911)
- Mouchon, Louis-Eugène (1843–1914)
- Nézière, Georges de la (1878–1914)
- Puyplat, Jules-Jacques (1843–1915)
- Merson, Luc-Olivier (1846–1920)
- Thévenin, Auguste (1856–1921)
- Dumoulin, Louis (1860–1924)
- Froment, Eugène (1844–1926 (?))
- Paul Albert Laurens (1870–1934)
- Ruffé, Léon (1864–1935)
- Mignon, Justin Abel Francois Xaviér (1861–1936)
- Dezarrois, Antoine (1864–1939)
- Gandon, Gaston (1872–1941)
- Delzers, Jean Antonin (1873–1943)
- Degorce, Georges Léo (1894–1943)
- Nézière, Joseph de La (1873–1944)
- Grégoire, René (1871–1945)
- Prudhomme, George Henri (1873–1947)
- Cortot, Henri (1892–1950)[7]
- Ouvré, Achille (1872–1951)
- Hourriez, Georges (1878–1953)[8]
- Dulac, Edmond (1882–1953)
- Nézière, Raymond de la (1865–1953)
Works by the following artists will be in public domain in France (but not necessarily in the United States) on 1 January following 70 years after their death:
- Feltesse, Émile Henri (1881–1955) @2026
- Barlangue, Gabriel Antoine (1874–1956) @2027
- Dufresne, Charles Paul (1885–1956) @2027
- Lemasson, Henri (1870–1956) @2027
- Cheffer, Henry (1880–1957) @2028
- Rigal, Louis Pierre (1888–1959) @2030
- Munier, Pierre (1889–1962) @2033
- Cocteau, Jean (1889–1963) @2034
- Kieffer, Clément (1881-1964) @2035
- Mazelin, Charles (1882–1964) @2035
- Louis, Robert (1902–1965) @2036
- Serres, Raoul (1881–1971) @2042
- Cami, Robert (1900–1973) @2044
- Lemagny, Paul Pierre (1905–1977) @2048
- Spitz, André (1883–1977) @2048
- Piel, Jules (1882–1978) @2049
- Picart Le Doux, Jean (1902–1982) @2053
- Monvoisin, Michel (1932–1982) @2053
- Miró, Joan (1893–1983) @2054
- Fernez Louis (1900–1984) @2055
- Decaris, Albert (1901–1988) @2059
- Delpech, Jean (1916–1988) @2059
- Haley, Claude (1923–1988) @2059
- Gandon, Pierre (1899–1990) @2061
- Pheulpin, Jean (1907–1991) @2062
- Cottet, René (1902–1992) @2063
- Combet, Jacques (1920–1993) @2064
- Lengellé, Paul (1908-1993) @2064
- Peynet, Raymond (1908–1999) @2070
- Hundertwasser, Friedensreich (1928–2000) @2071
- Leguay, Marc (1910–2001) @2072
- Durrens, Claude (1921–2002) @2073
- Hertenberger, Claude (1912–2002) @2073
- Bridoux, Charles (1942–2003) @2074
- Dessirier, René (1919–2003@2074
- Guillame, Cécile (1933–2004) @2075
- Folon, Jean-Michel (1934–2005) @2076
- Forget, Pierre (1923–2005) @2076
- Lacaque, Eugène (1914–2005) @2076
- Slania, Czeslaw (1921–2005) @2076
- Schach-Duc, Yvonne (1933–2009) @2080
- Sainson, Huguette (1929–2011) @2082
- Mathieu, Georges (1921–2012) @2083
- Béquet, Pierre (1932–2012) @2083
- Leliepvre, Eugène (1908–2013) @2084
- Wou-Ki, Zao (1920–2013) @2084
- Markó, Serge (1926–2014) @2085
- Taraskoff, Mark (1955–2015) @2086
- Quillivic, René (1925–2016) @2087
- Andréotto, Claude (1949–2017) @2088
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of France
COM:Georgia
Georgien
verwende {{PD-GE-exempt}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Georgia
COM:Germany
Deutschland
Laut Entscheidung eines deutschen Landgerichts (Landgericht Berlin) in einem Fall der Erben des deutschen Künstlers Loriot gegen die Wikimedia Foundation, bekannt gegeben am 27. März 2012, sind deutsche Briefmarken keine „amtliche Werke“ nach § 5 I oder II UrhG und damit nicht gemeinfrei, wie bisher bei Commons angenommen.
Briefmarken anderer privater Einrichtungen sind ebenfalls urheberrechtlich geschützt. Es gilt jedoch die übliche deutsche Urheberrechtsverfallsfrist - das Urheberrecht erlischt 70 Jahre nach dem 1. Januar nach dem Tod des Urhebers. Einzelne Briefmarken können aus anderen Gründen (z.B. einfache grafische Gestaltung) urheberrechtsfrei sein. Für eine weitere Diskussion siehe Wikilegal/Copyright von Bildern in deutschen Briefmarken.
Veraltete Lizenzvorlagen, die gelöscht oder geändert werden sollen
Siehe Commons:WikiProject Public Domain/German stamps review.
- Template:PD-German stamps
für Briefmarken der Deutschen Post AG, ausgegeben ab 5. Mai 1995 (Aufdruck „Deutschland“) - Template:PD-Deutsche Bundespost stamps
für Briefmarken der Deutschen Bundespost (Bundespost, einschließlich Saarland), die von 1949 bis zum 6. April 1995 ausgegeben wurden - Template:PD-Deutsche Bundespost Berlin stamps
für Briefmarken der Deutschen Bundespost Berlin, ausgegeben von 1949 bis zum 27. September 1990 - Template:PD-GDR stamps
für Briefmarken der Deutschen Post der DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik, 1945-1990) - Template:PD-DBZ stamps
für Briefmarken, die von den alliierten Besatzungsbehörden herausgegeben wurden (1945-1949) - Template:PD-German Empire stamps
für Briefmarken der „Deutschen Reichspost“ (einschließlich ausländischer Stellen), die vor 1945 ausgegeben wurden - Für Briefmarken der vor-kaiserlichen deutschen Staaten gilt die Template:PD-old.
- Siehe Diskussionsseiten für Aktualisierungen
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Germany
COM:Greece
Griechenland
Stamps by artists deceased more than 70 years ago (or pseudonymously designed more than 70 years ago, before 1 January 1954) are free. The copyright status of all other stamps issued before 1970 is disputed (possibly {{PD-GreekGov}} as government administrative documents). Stamps issued since 1970 follow the 70 years pma rule.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Greece
. Stamps by artists deceased more than 60 years ago (or pseudonymously designed more than 60 years ago, before 1 January 1964) are free.[2005 Article 20–23]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Haiti
COM:Hungary
Ungarn
Stamps of Hungary are probably not in the public domain. Although Hungarian copyright law denies copyright protection for "means of state direction" (Act No. LXXVI. of 1999], I.4), the recommendation by the Council of Copyright Experts rejects a similar arguments for banknotes and suggests that "means of state direction" applies to specific, "official" uses of a work.
The same logic is presumed to apply to stamps as well. Assume copyrighted until general term of protection expires.
Also refer to Commons talk:Stamps/Public domain#Hungary and Commons:Undeletion requests/Archive/2013-10#File:1888 Kodaly 500.jpg
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Hungary
COM:Iceland
Island
Keine Information verfügbar
: Stamps are now covered under {{GODL-India}}. In addition, all Indian stamps older than 60 years are in the public domain. See en.wikipedia discussion here and here.
Use either {{GODL-India}} or {{PD-India}} where appropriate. Material issued by the Government of India before independence may be covered by {{PD-UKGov}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of India
COM:Indonesia
Indonesien
under Article 43(b) of the 2014 Copyright Law.
Please use {{PD-IDGov}} for images of Indonesian postal stamps. However, please note that it has not been determined if modifications or derivatives can be made to works enumerated in Article 43 (Please read the Commons discussion on the issue here).
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Indonesia
: Alle Briefmarken, die vor dem 22. März 1994 ausgegeben wurden, sind gemeinfrei, da nach dem Gesetz zum Schutz der Rechte von Autoren, Komponisten und Künstlern iranische Briefmarken, die vor dem 22. März 1994 entworfen wurden, nach 30 Jahren gemeinfrei werden, wegen "In den folgenden Fällen werden Bilder nach 30 Jahren, gerechnet vom Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung oder Aufführung gemeinfrei werden (Artikel 16): In Fällen, in denen das Urheberrecht einer Rechtsperson gehört, oder auf eine solche übertragen wurde." Iranische Briefmarken sind urheberrechtlich geschützt und das Urheberrecht gehört der Iranischen Post, die eine "Rechtsperson" darstellt. Verwende in diesen Fällen {{PD-Iran}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Iran
: For stamps published more than 50 years ago (before 1st of January 1974) use {{PD-Iraq}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Iraq
COM:Ireland
Irland
Irish stamps issued by the Department of Posts and Telegraphs before 1984 are official works and those over 50 years old are in the public domain (published before 1 January 1974). Use {{PD-IrishGov}} to tag them. Since 1 January 1984, when An Post was established Irish stamps are copyright to the company.
COM:Israel
Israel
Paragraph 51 of Israeli Postal Services Statute 1986, in its 2004 revised version stipulates that the State owns full copyrights for Israeli stamps. The Israeli copyright statute from 2007 determines that the State's copyrights expire on 1 January of the 51st year after the creation of the work. Hence, only stamps created 50 or more years ago are in the public domain. Template:PD-IsraelGov would be appropriate to indicate their copyright status.
Until specific information becomes available, apply the 70 years pma rule (or 70 years after issue for anonymous/pseudonymous stamps), so stamps by designers deceased more than 70 years are public domain. Where there are joint authors, such as an engraver and a designer, the copyright term starts following the death of the last survivor.
{{PD-Italy}} does not apply to Italian stamps. The law contains no exceptions to standard copyright law for stamps.
Stamps sometimes contain date and author. The Stamp Art blog, while not necessarily reliable, does list designers and some engravers of Italian stamps and Italian stamp designers, so may be worth reviewing.
The following list of artists whose works are in public domain because they died on or before 31 December 1950 is non-exhaustive:
- Ferraris, Giuseppe (engraver) (1791–1869)
- Joubert Ferdinand (1810–1884)
- Matraire, Francesco (- c1884)
- Wyon, Leonard Charles (1826–1891)
- Bigola, Ludovico (1822–1905 )
- Michetti, Francesco Paolo (1851–1929)
- Del Neri, Edoardo (1890–1932)
- Calcagnadoro, Antonino it (1876–1935)
- Sezanne, Augusto (1856–1935)
- D'Urso, Nicola (1877–1937)
- Cellini, Guiseppe (1855–1940)
- Savage, Robert (engraver: ABNC) (1868–1943)
- Terzi, Aleardo (1870–1943)
- Constantini, Giovanni (1872–1947)
- Chiappelli, Francesco (1890–1947)
- Mezzana, Corrado (1890–1952)
Works by the following artists will remain protected until 70 years after their death:
- Rondini, Guiseppe (1881–1955) @2026
- Paschetto, Paolo Antonio (1885–1956) @2027
- Grassi, Vittorio (1878–1958) @2029
- Frigerio, Federico (1873–1959) @2030
- Cambellotti, Duilio (1876–1960) @2031
- Morbiducci, Publius (1889–1963) @2034
- Cossio, Carlo (1907–1964) @2035
- Di Fausto, Florestano (1890–1965) @2036
- Parmeggiani, Carlo (1881–1967) @2038
- Parrini, Manlio (1901–1968) @2039
- Mancioli, Corrado (1904–1968) @2039
- Conti, Gian Battista (1878–1971) @2042
- Lalia, Alfredo (1907–1971) @2042
- Marussig, Guido (1885–1972) @2043
- Guerrini, Giovanni (1887–1972) @2043
- Garelli, Franco (1909–1973) @2044
- Lerario, Giovanni (1913–1973) @2044
- Retrosi, Virgilio (1892–1975) @2046
- Morelli, Enzo (1896–1976) @2047
- Ortona, Ugo (1888–1977) @2048
- Cisari, Giulio (1892–1979) @2050
- Melis, Melkiorre it (1889–1982) @2053
- Zainea, Serban (1907–1990)[2] @2061
- Garrasi, Renato (1915–1990)(some sources say 1954) @2061
- Dominioni, Paolo Caccia (1896–1992) @2063
- Marangoni, Tranquillo (1912–1992) @2063
- Ferrini, Renato (1910–2005) @2076
- Tuccelli, Maria Maddalena-(b. 1951)
The following artists have unknown death dates:
Stamps more than 70 years old or published before 1 January 1968 are in the public domain, per {{PD-Japan}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Japan
COM:Kazakhstan
Kasachstan
use {{PD-KZ-exempt}}
Pursuant to Article 8 of Law No. 6-I of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Copyright and Associated Rights dated June 10, 1996, "official symbols and signs (flags, coats of arms, decorations, bills and coins and other official symbols and signs)" are not copyrighted.[419/2015 Article 8] Pursuant to Article 1 of Law No. 386-II of Kazakhstan On Post dated February 8, 2003, official signs of postage include "stamps, souvenir sheets, stamped covers, postcards, postage meter marks and other signs introduced into circulation by the authorised agency, which confirm that postal operator services have been paid."
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Kazakhstan
. The Copyright Act 1966 states that "any work eligible for copyright which has been created pursuant to a commission from the Government" is copyrighted "until the end of the expiration of fifty years from the end of the year in which it was first published" [3]. For stamps published more than 50 years ago (before 1 January 1974) use {{PD-Kenya|1}}.
(if prior to December 1965) per {{PD-UKGov}}
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Kenya
. Law No. 38/NA of November 15, 2017, on Intellectual Property does not mention stamps, and nothing that could be interpreted as stamps is included in the list of unprotected works.[38/NA/2017 Article 94]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Laos
COM:Latvia
Lettland
.
The Copyright Law of 2000 (as amended up to June 14, 2017) says that official symbols and signs (flags, coats of arms, anthems, and awards) are not protected, but does not include stamps in this list. It also says that official documents and official translations of such texts are not protected, but a stamp cannot be considered to be the text of an official document. Under the precautionary principle we must assume that stamps are protected in the normal way.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Latvia
COM:Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
According to the Law of May 19, 1999, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights, "Copyright protection shall not subsist in ... means of payment".[1999-2006 Art.5] However, Liechtenstein generally emulates Swiss law, and Liechtenstein's Copyright Act is based on the Swiss text. The majority of Swiss copyright law commentaries does not consider stamps "means of payment".
[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
It is therefore likely that Liechtenstein stamps are protected by copyright as well.
In the past, {{PD-Liechtenstein}} was used for uploads of stamps from Liechtenstein, but this should not be done in the future, unless it's possible to produce evidence for the public domain claim.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Liechtenstein
COM:Lithuania
Litauen
use {{PD-LT-exempt}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Lithuania
COM:Malawi
Malawi
Under Malawi's Copyright Act, 2016, the copyright term for works by the government is 50 years from the date of first publication and for works by individual authors is life of the author plus fifty years.[26/2016 Section 35(1a),(1e)] Since the first stamps of Malawi were issued on 6 July 1964, the earliest any stamp of Malawi was PD in 2015 (and even then only if the artwork depicted on the stamp is a government work).
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Malawi
COM:Malaysia
Malaysia
According to article 23 of The Copyright Act 1987 (act 332), works by the Government Organizations are subject to copyright until the beginning of the year following 50 years after publication, so only stamps more than 50 years old may be uploaded and they should use the template {{PD-Malaysia}}. This applies until 1992 when the Malaysian post office was corporatized as Pos Malaysia, so the normal artistic copyright term likely applies (life plus 50 years), unless as a corporate work the term of publish plus 50 years applies.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Malaysia
COM:Manchukuo
Mandschukuo
verwende {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}}.
Da die VR China stets den Nordosten beansprucht und Mandschuko nie anerkannt hat, endete jedes Urheberrecht an Briefmarken von Mandschuko spätestens am 1. Januar 1996, da China das "corporate copyright" auf 50 Jahre nach Veröffentlichung begrenzt und die einzelnen Grafiker nicht mehr festzustellen sind.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Manchukuo
COM:Mexico
Mexiko
Keine Information verfügbar
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Mexico
COM:Moldova
Moldau
use {{PD-MD-exempt}}.
According to the law on Copyright of the Republic of Moldova no. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994 (Amended by Law no. 1268-XV, of 25 July 2002) Article 7. refers to "State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.)" as Works Not Protected by Copyright. The Moldovan Postal Law No. 36 from 29 April 2016 defines postal stamp as "printed valuable sign issued and put into circulation exclusively by the state as an attribute of its sovereignty".[22]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Moldova
COM:Mozambique
Mosambik
Mozambique copyright law instituted in 2001 states that copyright subsists for 70 years following completion for "works of applied art" which appears to cover stamps.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Mozambique
COM:Myanmar
Myanmar
Under Sec. 17(a)(5) of the Law No. 15/2019, Government works of Myanmar are copyrighted for 50 years from first publication (before 1 January 1974).
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Myanmar
COM:Namibia
Namibia
According to the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 6 of 1994, copyright of government-produced work is held by the state, and lasts for a period of 50 years after publication [6/1994 Section 6(5)]. The Namibian post was originally a department of the government's Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication, and became Namibia Post Ltd, or NamPost, in 1992. Before its independence in 12 June 1968 {{PD-SAGov}} may apply.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Namibia
COM:Netherlands
Niederlande
See nl:Wikipedia:Beleid voor gebruik van media/Postzegels (In Dutch).
Prior to 1 January 1989, the government-owned corporation PTT considered Dutch stamps as being created by the PTT company and as such was considered their author. In The Netherlands copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author. With stamps issued prior to 1989, copyright expires 70 years after publication.
From 1 January 1989 onwards, the PTT became the private company TNT Post. The rules are sometimes different compared to the period before 01-01-1989; for example, when there is more than one author of a stamp.
As of 2024 Dutch stamps created in the period 1852–1953 are considered to be Public Domain.
COM:New Zealand
Neuseeland
In New Zealand, the Crown Copyright is defined by Sections 2(1), 26 et 27 of the 1994 Copyright Act. It lasts 100 years, with exceptions. It protects the work created by a person employed or engaged by the Crown, Ministers of the Crown, offices of Parliament and government departments. See Wikipedia:Crown copyright [in English].
According to this law, images of New Zealand stamps are in the public domain :
- 50 years after issue for stamps issued before 31 December 1944 (Template:PD-NZ-50-years on the Wikipedia in English). Use {{PD-NZ-50-years}}. All stamps from 1944 and before are thus in the Public Domain.
- 100 years after issue for stamps issued between 1 January 1945 and the 31 March 1987 by the New Zealand Post Office as a Department of the Government. No stamps from 1945 onward will therefore become public domain before 1 January 2045.
COM:Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Nicaragua
COM:North Korea
Nordkorea
. Gemäß nordkoreanischem Urheberrechtsgesetz von 2006, "gelten die Eigentumsrechte eines urheberrechtlich geschützten Werkes oder eines urheberrechtlich geschützten visuellen (Kunst-)werks, dessen Urheber eine Institution, Unternehmen oder Organisation ist, für bis zu 50 Jahre nach dessen Veröffentlichung ."[1532/2006 Article 24]
Wenn vor dem 1. Januar 1974 veröffentlicht, benutze {{PD-DPRKOld}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of North Korea
COM:Ottoman Empire
Osmanisches Reich
use {{PD-Ottoman}}.
COM:Pakistan
Pakistan
Nicht OK. Use {{PD-Pakistan-stamp}} for stamps whose copyright has expired
Copyright ownership of stamps is maintained by the Government of Pakistan, as stamps in Pakistan are issued by Pakistan Post, which works under the Government of Pakistan. According to Pakistan's Copyright Ordinance, 1962, stamps can be classified as artistic:
- "artistic" work' means: ... a painting, a sculpture, a drawing (including a diagram, map, chart or plan), an engraving or a photograph, whether or not any such work possess artistic quality.[XXXIV/2000 Section 2(c.i)]
- "Government work" means a work which is made or published by or under the direction or control of ... the Government or any department of the Government.[XXXIV/2000 Section 2(m)]
- in the case of a Government work, Government shall, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, be the first owner of the copyright therein.[XXXIV/2000 Section 139(d)]
- Copyright in a Government work shall, where Government is the first owner of the copyright therein, subsist until 50 years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the work is first published.[XXXIV/2000 Section 22(1)]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Pakistan
COM:Panama
Panama
Under the Law No. 64 of October 10, 2012, stamps are not excluded from protection (e.g. as official texts).[64/2012 Article 13] Copyright lasts for 70 years after death of the author or coauthor, or 70 years from publication if the work is anonymous or pseudonymous [64/2012 Article 59–60]. However, the economic rights for works created by authors who died before Law 15 of 8 August 1994 came into force will have the duration of 80 years as provided for in the Administrative Code of 1917.[64/2012 Article 194] In effect, works by authors who died after 1943 are still protected. For older stamps, if applicable, use {{PD-Panama}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Panama
COM:Paraguay
Paraguay
: Stamps are not mentioned in Law No. 1328/98 on Copyright and Related Rights, and are not included in the categories that are not protected.[1328/1998 Article 8]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Paraguay
- Stamps created prior to 1971
- Some stamps were created by Casa de Correos y Telégrafos, today Ministry of Transport and Communications-owned Servicios Postales del Perú (Serpost). In Law No. 13714 of 1961, works by the government had a duration of 25 years and its copyright expired before 1996.
- For stamps created by the Government and published before 1971 use {{PD-Peru-organization}}, for other works use {{PD-old-auto}} where applicable.
- Stamps created since 1971
The basic law on copyright in Peru is contained in Legislative Decree No. 822 of April 23, 1996. There is no special mention of stamps in this law as "official work".[822/1996 Art.9] Copyright lasts for 70 years from death, calculated from the 1 January following the year of death, or for 70 years from the year of disclosure for anonymous and pseudonymous works.[822/1996 Art.52–53]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Peru
COM:Philippines
Philippinen
Works by the government of the Philippines are not protected by copyright. A prior approval of the government is necessary for exploitation of such works for profit. However, the clause for prior approval is determined to be a non-copyright restriction and can be safely ignored for the purposes of Wikimedia Commons by policy. (See discussion).
Warning while Philippine stamps are public domain as works of the Philippine government, one must also take into account the underlying derivative works that may appear in the stamps, such as photographs from non-free sources and copyrighted artworks. Section 176.3 of the copyright law provides that the copyright in a work is not invalidated by its "publication or republication by the government in a public document." See also this April 2020 deletion request and this May 2021 deletion request.
COM:Poland
Polen
According to Article 4, case 2 of the Polish Copyright Law Act of February 4, 1994 "normative acts and drafts thereof as well as official documents, materials, signs and symbols are not subject to copyrights". Such materials should use {{PD-Polishsymbol}}. Unfortunately it is unclear if Polish stamps and banknotes are considered official materials, signs or symbols by Polish law. In 2009 about 900 files with Polish stamps were deleted (see Commons talk:Stamps/Archive 1#Polish stamps are copyrighted for the discussion).
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Poland
COM:Romania
Rumänien
Gemäß der Rumänischen Urheberrechtsgesetze und Zusatzgesetze („Neighboring Rights Law“) Nummer 8/1996 vom 14. März 1996 mit weiteren Zusätzlichem Kapitel 3 Artikel 9 sollen "Zahlungsmittel" nicht den gesetzlichen Schutz des Urheberrechts unterliegen. Deshalb werden Bilder von Briefmarken als Public Domain betrachtet. Darüber hinaus definiert das rumänische Postgesetz vom 6. März 2013 Postwertzeichen als „Wertpapier, das ausschließlich unter der Autorität des Staates als Ausdruck seiner Souveränität herausgegeben und in Umlauf gebracht wird“,[23], was bedeutet, dass rumänische Postwertzeichen „offizielle Symbole des Staates, der öffentlichen Behörden und Organisationen“ sind, die nicht durch das rumänische Urheberrecht geschützt sind.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Romania
COM:Russia
Russland
use {{PD-RU-exempt|stamps}}
Pursuant to Article 1259.6 of Part IV of the Civil Code (No. 230-FZ) of the Russian Federation dated 8 December 2006, official symbols and signs (flags, emblems, orders, banknotes, and the like), as well as symbols and signs of municipal formations are not copyrighted. Pursuant to Article 2 of Federal Law No. 176-FZ of the Russian Federation On Postal Service dated July 17, 1999, official signs of postage include "postage stamps and other signs put on mail that give evidence that postage has been paid".
Article 1.1 of Official Postage Signs and Special Postmarks Regulations, put into force on 26 May 1994 by Order 115 of the Ministry of Communication of the Russian Federation, defines the official postage signs concretely and labels postage stamps, souvenir and miniature sheets, stamped envelopes, and postal stationery cards as the postage signs. Even works still under copyright can be used by the Russian post, without altering the copyright status of the work used.
A copyrighted painting can be used on an envelope or such and {{PD-RU-exempt}} will apply, without turning the painting into a Public Domain work. Prerequisite is that the Russian post acquired permission from the copyright-holder. We can safely assume that the Russian post has come to an agreement with the copyright-holder of such work.
Tuva stamps
use {{PD-RU-exempt}}.
From 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent nation under the name of Tannu Tuva, officially, the Tuvan People's Republic, or the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva. The independence of Tannu Tuva, however, was recognized only by its neighbors: the Soviet Union and Mongolia.
Since 1944 Tuva has been part of the Russian Federation.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Russia
COM:Seychelles
Seychellen
- Before June 1976
use {{PD-UKGov}} Seychelles was a British colony until June 1976; its stamps of the colonial era are covered by the "Crown Copyright", which expires after 50 years and puts the stamps in the public domain (see Crown copyright [in English] and {{PD-UKGov}}).
- Before 1999
use {{PD-Seychelles}}.
- After 1999
Postage stamps first published 25 years ago or later are not in the public domain, and should not be uploaded.
COM:Singapore
Singapur
All stamps are under the copyright of the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA). No stamps may be reproduced without paying royalties to the IDA, if requested. According to Singapore's copyright law, stamps become public domain 70 years after the death of the engraver or 70 years after their issuance, if governmental work. Use {{PD-SG-artisticwork}}.
The Singapore Philatelic Museum has been appointed to administer approval for reproduction.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Singapore
COM:South Africa
Südafrika
South African stamps older than 50 years (published before 1 January 1974) are in the public domain, use {{PD-SAGov}}
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of South Africa
COM:South Korea
Südkorea
According to Articles 39 to 44 of the Copyright Act of the Republic of Korea, copyrighted works enter the public domain 70 years after publication when made public in the name of an organization. Use {{PD-South Korea}} if published before 1 January 1963.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of South Korea
COM:Soviet Union
Sowjetunion
Since, according to intergovernmental and international treaties, Russian Federation is a legal successor to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the tag {{PD-RU-exempt}} (please see "Russia" above) also applies to images of postage stamps, stamped covers and stamped post cards (postal stationery) of the RSFSR and USSR.
. Die Anfrage an das spanische Philateliebüro ergab, dass wohl keine Gemeinfreiheit besteht. Die Erlaubnis, Bilder spanischer Briefmarken zu veröffentlichen, erfordert eine spezifische Anfrage an Sociedad Estatal de Correos y Telégrafos.
According to Spanish copyright law, while most official works are not protected by copyright, standalone images are specifically exempted, and the author retains copyright. So it is safe to assume that Spanish stamps are copyright their designers, in which case they are protected for 70 years after the author's death, or 80 years if the author died before 1988. If the designer is unknown, the stamp falls into the public domain 70 years after it was issued, or 80 years if issued before 1987.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Spain
COM:Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
. The Intellectual Property Act No 36 of 2003 is silent on stamps, so assume copyrighted until general term of protection expires. It seems that stamps would be public domain if published before 1 January 1954, use {{PD-Sri Lanka}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Sri Lanka
COM:Sweden
Schweden
Siehe auch: Category talk:Stamps of Sweden
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Sweden
COM:Switzerland
Schweiz
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Switzerland
COM:Taiwan
Republik China
According to the TIPO[28], stamps are considered as normal copyrighted artworks, not government works. Old stamps can be public domain following the #Terms section above.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Taiwan
COM:Tajikistan
Tadschikistan
use {{PD-TJ-exempt}}.
Pursuant to Article 7 of Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to 2009) of the Republic of Tajikistan, "state symbols and signs" are not copyrighted.
Pursuant to Article 1 of Law of Tajikistan On Postal Services dated June 4, 2003, "state signs of payment for postal communication [are] postal stamps, which are attached to postal correspondence and confirm the payment of postal communication services, blocks, stamped envelopes, postal cards"[29]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Tajikistan
COM:Thailand
Thailand
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Thailand
The Copyright Acts 2002 states that,
- For a collective work other than a work of applied art ... the economic and moral rights are protected for fifty years from the date on which the work was either made, first made available to the public, or first published, whichever date is the latest.[2002 Sec.18]
- A "work of applied art" is an artistic creation with utilitarian functions or incorporated in a useful article, whether made by hand or produced on an industrial scale.[2002 Sec.2] The economic and moral rights are protected for twenty five years the making of the work.[2002 Sec.18]
Thus, any stamp published more than 50 years ago should be in the public domain.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Tonga
COM:Turkey
Türkei
Under Law No. 5846 of December 5, 1951 (as amended up to decision no 2020/29 of Constitutional Court of Turkey on July 17, 2020),
- The rights in works created by civil servants, employees and workers during the execution of their duties shall be exercised by the persons who employ or appoint them; provided that the contrary may not be deduced from a special contract between such persons or from the nature of the work.[5846/1951 Article 18]
- If the first author is a legal person, the term of protection shall be 70 years from the date on which the work was made public.[5846/1951 Article 27]
The copyright for stamps therefore belongs to the Turkish government and lasts 70 years from publication. Thus, any stamp issued 70 or more years ago (published before 1 January 1954) is public domain.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Turkey
COM:Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Turkmenistan
COM:Ukraine
Ukraine
use {{PD-UA-exempt}}.
Nach Artikel 10 des Gesetzes über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Rechte (englisch) sind alle ukrainischen Briefmarken gemeinfrei. Sie werden im Gesetz der Ukraine über den Postdienst (4. Oktober 2001) als "Staatszeichen" definiert:
- Eine Briefmarke ist ein nach dem gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Verfahren hergestelltes Staatszeichen mit festgelegtem Nennwert und Zustand, das als Zahlungsmittel für die vom nationalen Betreiber bereitgestellten Postdienste dient.[31]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Ukraine
COM:United Arab Emirates
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate
The 2002 UAE law states that such works as stamps are protected for 50 years starting from 1 January of the publication year. Yet the 1992 law gave a 25 years copyright protection (starting from the publication date). This means that all UAE postage stamps printed before 1977 are in public domain. Stamps issued after that year should wait 50 years.
One may tag Template:PD-United Arab Emirates stamp to any such image.
COM:United Kingdom
Vereinigtes Königreich
1969 wurde das Postamt als "Nicht-Krone-Einrichtung" gegründet. Seitdem liegt das Urheberrecht neuer britischer Briefmarken bei der Post oder Royal Mail in eigener Sache, so dass im Allgemeinen keine Briefmarke hochgeladen werden darf.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of United Kingdom
COM:United States
Vereinigte Staaten
- Vor 1978
- Im öffentlichen Bereich als Werk der Bundesregierung verdendet man {{PD-USGov}}
- ab 1978
- Urheberrechtlich geschützt durch den United States Postal Service nach dem 1. Januar 1978 (dem Datum, an dem das Urheberrechtsgesetz von 1976 in Kraft trat).[32] Eine schriftliche Genehmigung ist erforderlich.[33]
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of United States
COM:Uzbekistan
Usbekistan
use {{PD-UZ-exempt}}.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Uzbekistan
COM:Venezuela
Venezuela
Stamps are not mentioned in the Law on Copyright 1993, and do not qualify as an excluded category.[1993 Article 4] Copyright lasts for 60 years from death, calculated from the 1 January following the year of death.[1993 Article 25] The copyright in anonymous or pseudonymous works shall expire after 60 years counted from January 1 of the year following that of the first publication thereof.[1993 Article 27]
Use template {{PD-Venezuela}} where applicable.
Siehe auch: Category:Stamps of Venezuela
Weltpostverein / WADP / WNS
Der Weltpostverein hat in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Weltverband für die Entwicklung der Philatelie (WADP) das WADP-Nummerierungssystem (WNS) entwickelt, das am 1. Januar 2002 eingeführt wurde. Die Website (https://www.wnsstamps.post/en/Stamps-Search) enthält Einträge für rund 160 Länder und aussendende Postgesellschaften mit über 25.000 registrierten Briefmarken seit 2002. Viele von ihnen verfügen über Abbildungen, die im Allgemeinen unter dem Urheberrecht des Ausgabestaates stehen, aber vom WPV und WADP zum Herunterladen zugelassen sind.
Einzelnachweise
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