APS : Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics : State of the Art and Challenges

Di Meglio, Alberto; Ortega, Enrique Rico; Jansen, Karl; Tavernelli, Ivano; Funcke, Lena; Spentzouris, Panagiotis; Roggero, Alessandro; Terashi, Koji; Delgado, Andrea; Lacroix, Denis; Gonzalez-Cuadra, Daniel; Fernandez-Combarro, Elias; Fuchs, Elina; Dunjko, Vedran; Vallecorsa, Sofia; Seixas, Joao; Bauer, Christian W.; Egger, Daniel J.; Wiese, Uwe-Jens; Pascuzzi, Vincent R.; Temme, Kristan; Montangero, Simone; Yoo, Shinjae; Halimeh, Jad C.; Grossi, Michele; Borras, Kerstin; Carrazza, Stefano; Crippa, Arianna; Silvi, Pietro; Alexandrou, Constantia; Meloni, Federico; Lewis, Randy; Tacchino, Francesco; Schuhmacher, Julian; de Putter, Roland; Kuhn, Stefan; Zhang, Jinglei; Lucio Martinez, Miriam; Mezzacapo, Antonio; Radescu, Voica; Tura, Jordi; Lucchesi, Donatella; Nagano, Lento; Holmes, Zoe; Tuysuz, Cenk; Arunachalam, Srinivasan; Croft, Vincent

doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.5.037001

Article
Report number	arXiv:2307.03236 ; FERMILAB-PUB-23-468-ETD
Title	Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics : State of the Art and Challenges
Related title	Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges. Summary of the QC4HEP Working Group
Author(s)	Di Meglio, Alberto (CERN) ; Jansen, Karl (DESY, Zeuthen ; Cyprus Inst.) ; Tavernelli, Ivano (IBM, Zurich) ; Alexandrou, Constantia (Cyprus U. ; Cyprus Inst.) ; Arunachalam, Srinivasan (IBM Watson Res. Ctr.) ; Bauer, Christian W. (LBNL, Berkeley) ; Borras, Kerstin (DESY ; Aachen, Tech. Hochsch.) ; Carrazza, Stefano (Milan U. ; CERN) ; Crippa, Arianna (DESY, Zeuthen ; Humboldt U., Berlin) ; Croft, Vincent (U. Leiden (main)) ; de Putter, Roland (IBM Watson Res. Ctr.) ; Delgado, Andrea (Oak Ridge) ; Dunjko, Vedran (U. Leiden (main)) ; Egger, Daniel J. (IBM, Zurich) ; Fernandez-Combarro, Elias (Oviedo U.) ; Fuchs, Elina (CERN ; Leibniz U., Hannover ; Braunschweig, Phys. Tech. Bund.) ; Funcke, Lena (Bonn U.) ; Gonzalez-Cuadra, Daniel (Innsbruck U. ; Innsbruck U., Quant. Opt. and Info.) ; Grossi, Michele (CERN) ; Halimeh, Jad C. (Munich U., ASC ; MCQST, Munich) ; Holmes, Zoe (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Kuhn, Stefan (DESY, Zeuthen) ; Lacroix, Denis (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Lewis, Randy (York U., Canada) ; Lucchesi, Donatella (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Lucio Martinez, Miriam (NIKHEF, Amsterdam ; Maastricht U.) ; Meloni, Federico (DESY) ; Mezzacapo, Antonio (IBM Watson Res. Ctr.) ; Montangero, Simone (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Nagano, Lento (Tokyo U., ICEPP) ; Pascuzzi, Vincent R. (IBM Watson Res. Ctr.) ; Radescu, Voica (IBM, Heidelberg) ; Ortega, Enrique Rico (Basque U., Bilbao ; Donostia Intl. Phys. Ctr., San Sebastian ; IKERBASQUE, Bilbao) ; Roggero, Alessandro (Trento U. ; TIFPA-INFN, Trento) ; Schuhmacher, Julian (IBM, Zurich) ; Seixas, Joao (Lisbon, IST ; Lisbon, CFTP ; Unlisted, PT) ; Silvi, Pietro (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Spentzouris, Panagiotis (Fermilab) ; Tacchino, Francesco (IBM, Zurich) ; Temme, Kristan (IBM Watson Res. Ctr.) ; Terashi, Koji (Tokyo U., ICEPP) ; Tura, Jordi (U. Leiden (main) ; Leiden U.) ; Tuysuz, Cenk (DESY, Zeuthen ; Humboldt U., Berlin) ; Vallecorsa, Sofia (CERN) ; Wiese, Uwe-Jens (U. Bern (main)) ; Yoo, Shinjae (Brookhaven Natl. Lab.) ; Zhang, Jinglei (Waterloo U., IQC ; Waterloo U.)
Publication	2024-08-01
Imprint	2023-07-06
Number of pages	49
In:	PRX Quantum 5 (2024) 037001
DOI	10.1103/PRXQuantum.5.037001 (publication)
Subject category	hep-th ; Particle Physics - Theory ; hep-lat ; Particle Physics - Lattice ; hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment ; quant-ph ; General Theoretical Physics
Abstract	Quantum computers offer an intriguing path for a paradigmatic change of computing in the natural sciences and beyond, with the potential for achieving a so-called quantum advantage, namely a significant (in some cases exponential) speed-up of numerical simulations. The rapid development of hardware devices with various realizations of qubits enables the execution of small scale but representative applications on quantum computers. In particular, the high-energy physics community plays a pivotal role in accessing the power of quantum computing, since the field is a driving source for challenging computational problems. This concerns, on the theoretical side, the exploration of models which are very hard or even impossible to address with classical techniques and, on the experimental side, the enormous data challenge of newly emerging experiments, such as the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In this roadmap paper, led by CERN, DESY and IBM, we provide the status of high-energy physics quantum computations and give examples for theoretical and experimental target benchmark applications, which can be addressed in the near future. Having the IBM 100 x 100 challenge in mind, where possible, we also provide resource estimates for the examples given using error mitigated quantum computing.
Copyright/License	publication: © 2024 authors (License: CC BY 4.0) preprint: (License: CC BY-SA 4.0)

$(Upper Panel) Proposed theoretical physical model systems (orange) with corresponding approaches (green) and quantum algorithms (blue). For more information on the identified areas of interest see Section~\ref{subsect_Theory}. (Lower Panel) Proposed experimental challenges (orange) with corresponding approaches (green) and quantum algorithms (blue). For more information on the identified areas of interest see Section~\ref{subsect_Experiments}. Legend: VQE: Variational Eigensolver; varQITE: variational Imaginary Time evolition; Tortter Dynamics: Time evolution based on trotteried time propagation operator; TN: Tensor Networks; QTN: Quantum Tensor Networks inspired from classical TN; varQTE: variational Quantum Real Time evolution; QNN: Quantum Neural Networks; QAOA: Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm; HHL Algorith: Quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations (by Aram Harrow, Avinatan Hassidim, and Seth Lloyd); QBM: Quantum Boltzman Machines; QCBM: Quantum Circuit Born Machine; QGANs: Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks. See Appendix~\ref{app:algos_limits} for an overview of a selection of these methods.$ $(Upper Panel) Proposed theoretical physical model systems (orange) with corresponding approaches (green) and quantum algorithms (blue). For more information on the identified areas of interest see Section~\ref{subsect_Theory}. (Lower Panel) Proposed experimental challenges (orange) with corresponding approaches (green) and quantum algorithms (blue). For more information on the identified areas of interest see Section~\ref{subsect_Experiments}. Legend: VQE: Variational Eigensolver; varQITE: variational Imaginary Time evolition; Tortter Dynamics: Time evolution based on trotteried time propagation operator; TN: Tensor Networks; QTN: Quantum Tensor Networks inspired from classical TN; varQTE: variational Quantum Real Time evolution; QNN: Quantum Neural Networks; QAOA: Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm; HHL Algorith: Quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations (by Aram Harrow, Avinatan Hassidim, and Seth Lloyd); QBM: Quantum Boltzman Machines; QCBM: Quantum Circuit Born Machine; QGANs: Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks. See Appendix~\ref{app:algos_limits} for an overview of a selection of these methods.$