Springer : Search for $^{22}$Na in novae supported by a novel method for measuring femtosecond nuclear lifetimes

Fougères, Chloé; Guimarães, Valdir; José, Jordi; Barrientos, Diego; Ralet, Damien; Boston, Andrew J.; Pullia, Alberto; Salsac, Marie-Delphine; Stanoiu, Mihai; Mrázek, Jaromír; Lopez-Martens, Araceli; Li, Hongjie; Michelagnoli, Caterina; Hess, Herbert; Jungclaus, Andrea; Sanchis, Enrique; Smirnova, Nadezda A.; Clément, Emmanuel; Zielińska, Magdalena; Benzoni, Giovanna; Theisen, Christophe; Şenyiğit, Menekşe; Kaşkaş, Ayşe; Leoni, Silvia; Čeliković, Igor; Nyberg, Johan; Mengoni, Daniele; Saillant, Frédéric; Sohler, Dorottya; Kim, Yung Hee; Ljungvall, Joa; Reiter, Peter; Ciemala, Michał; Quintana, Begoña; Dudouet, Jérémie; Delafosse, Clément; Bemmerer, Daniel; Valiente-Dobón, Jose J.; Ujić, Predrag; Million, Benedicte; Siciliano, Marco; Podolyák, Zsolt; Rezynkina, Kseniia; Boulay, Florent; Bracco, Angela; Lemasson, Antoine; González, Vicente; Lenzi, Silvia M.; Fülöp, Zsolt; Menegazzo, Roberto; Böttger, Roman; Redon, Nadine; Goupil, Johan; Sánchez-Benítez, Angel M.; Cederwall, B.; Gottardo, Andrea; Eberth, Jürgen; Navin, Alahari; Napoli, Daniel R.; Domingo-Pardo, César; Korichi, Amel; de Oliveira Santos, François

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40121-3

Article
Report number	arXiv:2212.06302
Title	Search for $^{22}$Na in novae supported by a novel method for measuring femtosecond nuclear lifetimes
Author(s)	Fougères, Chloé (GANIL ; Argonne, PHY) ; de Oliveira Santos, François (GANIL) ; José, Jordi (Barcelona U. ; Barcelona, IEEC) ; Michelagnoli, Caterina (Laue-Langevin Inst.) ; Clément, Emmanuel (GANIL) ; Kim, Yung Hee (GANIL ; IBS, Daejeon, CENS) ; Lemasson, Antoine (GANIL) ; Guimarães, Valdir (Sao Paulo U.) ; Barrientos, Diego (CERN) ; Bemmerer, Daniel (HZDR, Dresden) ; Benzoni, Giovanna (INFN, Milan) ; Boston, Andrew J. (Liverpool U.) ; Böttger, Roman (HZDR, Dresden) ; Boulay, Florent (GANIL) ; Bracco, Angela (INFN, Milan) ; Čeliković, Igor (VINCA Inst. Nucl. Sci., Belgrade) ; Cederwall, B. (Royal Inst. Tech., Sodertalje) ; Ciemala, Michał (Cracow, INP) ; Delafosse, Clément (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Domingo-Pardo, César (Valencia U., IFIC) ; Dudouet, Jérémie (IP2I, Lyon) ; Eberth, Jürgen (Cologne U.) ; Fülöp, Zsolt (Debrecen, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; González, Vicente (Valencia U., Dept. Ing. Electronica) ; Gottardo, Andrea ; Goupil, Johan (GANIL) ; Hess, Herbert (Cologne U.) ; Jungclaus, Andrea (Madrid, Inst. Estructura Materia) ; Kaşkaş, Ayşe (Ankara U.) ; Korichi, Amel (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Lenzi, Silvia M. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Leoni, Silvia (INFN, Milan ; Milan U.) ; Li, Hongjie (GANIL) ; Ljungvall, Joa (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Lopez-Martens, Araceli (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Menegazzo, Roberto (INFN, Padua) ; Mengoni, Daniele (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Million, Benedicte (INFN, Milan) ; Mrázek, Jaromír (Debrecen, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; Napoli, Daniel R. (INFN, Legnaro) ; Navin, Alahari (GANIL) ; Nyberg, Johan (Uppsala U.) ; Podolyák, Zsolt ; Pullia, Alberto (Liverpool U. ; Milan U.) ; Quintana, Begoña (Salamanca U.) ; Ralet, Damien (GANIL ; IJCLab, Orsay) ; Redon, Nadine (IP2I, Lyon) ; Reiter, Peter (Cologne U.) ; Rezynkina, Kseniia (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Saillant, Frédéric (GANIL) ; Salsac, Marie-Delphine (IRFU, Saclay) ; Sánchez-Benítez, Angel M. (Huelva U.) ; Sanchis, Enrique (Valencia U., Dept. Ing. Electronica) ; Şenyiğit, Menekşe (Ankara U.) ; Siciliano, Marco (IRFU, Saclay ; Argonne) ; Smirnova, Nadezda A. (LP2I, Bordeaux) ; Sohler, Dorottya (Debrecen, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; Stanoiu, Mihai (Bucharest, IFIN-HH) ; Theisen, Christophe ; Valiente-Dobón, Jose J. (INFN, Legnaro) ; Ujić, Predrag (VINCA Inst. Nucl. Sci., Belgrade) ; Zielińska, Magdalena (IRFU, Saclay)
Publication	2023-09-05
Imprint	2022-12-12
Number of pages	18
Note	18 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
In:	Nature Commun. 14 (2023) 4536
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-40121-3
Subject category	astro-ph.SR ; Astrophysics and Astronomy ; astro-ph.HE ; Astrophysics and Astronomy ; nucl-ex ; Nuclear Physics - Experiment
Abstract	Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions in stellar binary systems, and important sources of $^{26}$Al and $^{22}$Na. While gamma rays from the decay of the former radioisotope have been observed throughout the Galaxy, $^{22}$Na remains untraceable. The half-life of $^{22}$Na (2.6 yr) would allow the observation of its 1.275 MeV gamma-ray line from a cosmic source. However, the prediction of such an observation requires good knowledge of the nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of this nucleus. The $^{22}$Na($p,\gamma$)$^{23}$Mg reaction remains the only source of large uncertainty about the amount of $^{22}$Na ejected. Its rate is dominated by a single resonance on the short-lived state at 7785.0(7) keV in $^{23}$Mg. In the present work, a combined analysis of particle-particle correlations and velocity-difference profiles is proposed to measure femtosecond nuclear lifetimes. The application of this novel method to the study of the $^{23}$Mg states, combining magnetic and highly-segmented tracking gamma-ray spectrometers, places strong limits on the amount of $^{22}$Na produced in novae, explains its non-observation to date in gamma rays (flux < 2.5x$10^{-4}$ ph/(cm$^2$s)), and constrains its detectability with future space-borne observatories.
Copyright/License	publication: (License: CC-BY-4.0) preprint: (License: CC BY 4.0)

${\textbf{Identification of $\gamma$-ray transitions in $^{23}$Mg.}} Left: The energy of the measured $\gamma$ rays is plotted as a function of the angle between the $\gamma$ ray and the $^{23}$Mg emitter. This matrix is conditioned with the detection of an $\alpha$ particle at $5.2<E_x<5.4$~MeV in the VAMOS++ magnetic spectrometer. The $\gamma$-ray transition ($E_{\gamma,0}=4840.0^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$~keV) from the $E_x=5292.0(6)$~keV excited state in $^{23}$Mg is clearly observed. Its energy is Doppler shifted. The background observed here is mostly due to random coincidences between $\gamma$ rays from the Compton background and $\alpha$ particles produced in fusion-evaporation reactions between the beam and $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O impurities deposited on the target. Right: Picture of the AGATA $\gamma$-ray spectrometer used to detect the $\gamma$ rays emitted during the reaction.$ ${\textbf{Identification of $\gamma$-ray transitions in $^{23}$Mg.}} Left: The energy of the measured $\gamma$ rays is plotted as a function of the angle between the $\gamma$ ray and the $^{23}$Mg emitter. This matrix is conditioned with the detection of an $\alpha$ particle at $5.2<E_x<5.4$~MeV in the VAMOS++ magnetic spectrometer. The $\gamma$-ray transition ($E_{\gamma,0}=4840.0^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$~keV) from the $E_x=5292.0(6)$~keV excited state in $^{23}$Mg is clearly observed. Its energy is Doppler shifted. The background observed here is mostly due to random coincidences between $\gamma$ rays from the Compton background and $\alpha$ particles produced in fusion-evaporation reactions between the beam and $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O impurities deposited on the target. Right: Picture of the AGATA $\gamma$-ray spectrometer used to detect the $\gamma$ rays emitted during the reaction.$ ${\textbf{Identification of $\gamma$-ray transitions in $^{23}$Mg.}} Left: The energy of the measured $\gamma$ rays is plotted as a function of the angle between the $\gamma$ ray and the $^{23}$Mg emitter. This matrix is conditioned with the detection of an $\alpha$ particle at $5.2<E_x<5.4$~MeV in the VAMOS++ magnetic spectrometer. The $\gamma$-ray transition ($E_{\gamma,0}=4840.0^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$~keV) from the $E_x=5292.0(6)$~keV excited state in $^{23}$Mg is clearly observed. Its energy is Doppler shifted. The background observed here is mostly due to random coincidences between $\gamma$ rays from the Compton background and $\alpha$ particles produced in fusion-evaporation reactions between the beam and $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O impurities deposited on the target. Right: Picture of the AGATA $\gamma$-ray spectrometer used to detect the $\gamma$ rays emitted during the reaction.$ Show more plots

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