The European Spallation Source neutrino super-beam conceptual design report

Alekou, A.; Cederkall, J.; Kayis Topaksu, A.; Bhattacharyya, A.K.; Milas, N.; Bolling, B.; Koziol, M.; Lindroos, M.; Bogomilov, M.; Jenssen, M.; Krhač, K.; Kliček, B.; Kildetoft, B.; Stipčevíc, M.; Blennow, M.; Petkov, G.; de André, J.P. A.M.; Vankova-Kirilova, G.; Burgman, A.; Geralis, Th.; Buchan, O.; Dracos, M.; Lacny, L.; Fernandez-Martinez, E.; Zormpa, O.; Martins, C.; Maiano, C.; Tarkeshian, R.; Ota, T.; Wildner, E.; Fanourakis, G.; Efthymiopoulos, I.; Saiang, D.; Rosauro-Alcaraz, S.; Johansson, R.; Mezzetto, M.; Tolba, T.; Delahaye, J.P.; Cristaldo Morales, E.; Terranova, F.; Cupial, P.; Trachanas, E.; Stavropoulos, G.; Ohlsson, T.; Collins, M.; Tsenov, R.; Patrzalek, D.; Halíc, L.; Gålnander, B.; Baussan, E.; Vassilopoulos, N.; Marrelli, C.; Oglakci, M.; Snamina, J.; Gokbulut, G.; Thomas, J.; Olvegård, M.; Zou, Y.; Poussot, P.; Christiansen, P.; Carlile, C.J.; Dancila, D.; D'Alessi, L.; Blaskovic Kraljevic, N.; Ekelöf, T.; Park, J.; Eshraqi, M.; Danared, H.; Folsom, B.; Ghosh, M.; Bouquerel, E.; Wurtz, J.; Fukuda, T.; Szybínski, B.; Sosa, A.G.; Gazis, N.; Farricker, A.

doi:10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00664-w

Article
Report number	arXiv:2206.01208
Title	The European Spallation Source neutrino super-beam conceptual design report
Related title	The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam Conceptual Design Report
Author(s)	Alekou, A. (CERN ; Uppsala U.) ; Baussan, E. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Bhattacharyya, A.K. (ESS, Lund) ; Blaskovic Kraljevic, N. (ESS, Lund) ; Blennow, M. (Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm ; Stockholm U., OKC) ; Bogomilov, M. (Sofiya U.) ; Bolling, B. (ESS, Lund) ; Bouquerel, E. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Buchan, O. (ESS, Lund) ; Burgman, A. (Lund U.) ; Carlile, C.J. (Uppsala U.) ; Cederkall, J. (Lund U.) ; Christiansen, P. (Lund U.) ; Collins, M. (Lund U. ; ESS, Lund) ; Cristaldo Morales, E. (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Cupial, P. (AGH-UST, Cracow) ; D'Alessi, L. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Danared, H. (ESS, Lund) ; Dancila, D. (Uppsala U.) ; de André, J.P. A.M. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Delahaye, J.P. (CERN) ; Dracos, M. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Efthymiopoulos, I. (CERN) ; Ekelöf, T. (Uppsala U.) ; Eshraqi, M. (ESS, Lund) ; Fanourakis, G. (Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.) ; Farricker, A. (U. Liverpool (main) ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Fernandez-Martinez, E. (Madrid, IFT ; Madrid, Autonoma U.) ; Folsom, B. (ESS, Lund) ; Fukuda, T. (Nagoya U. ; KMI, Nagoya) ; Gazis, N. (ESS, Lund) ; Gålnander, B. (ESS, Lund) ; Geralis, Th. (Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.) ; Ghosh, M. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb ; Hyderabad U.) ; Gokbulut, G. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb ; Cukurova U.) ; Halíc, L. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Jenssen, M. (ESS, Lund) ; Kayis Topaksu, A. (Cukurova U.) ; Kildetoft, B. (ESS, Lund) ; Kliček, B. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Koziol, M. (AGH-UST, Cracow) ; Krhač, K. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Lacny, L. (AGH-UST, Cracow) ; Lindroos, M. (ESS, Lund) ; Maiano, C. (ESS, Lund) ; Marrelli, C. (ESS, Lund) ; Martins, C. (ESS, Lund) ; Mezzetto, M. (INFN, Padua ; Trento U.) ; Milas, N. (ESS, Lund) ; Oglakci, M. (Cukurova U.) ; Ohlsson, T. (Royal Inst. Tech., Stockholm ; Stockholm U., OKC) ; Olvegård, M. (Uppsala U.) ; Ota, T. (Madrid, IFT ; Madrid, Autonoma U.) ; Park, J. (Lund U. ; Milan Bicocca U. ; IBS, Daejeon) ; Patrzalek, D. (ESS, Lund) ; Petkov, G. (Sofiya U.) ; Poussot, P. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Johansson, R. (ESS, Lund) ; Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Saiang, D. (Lulea U. Technol. (main) ; Lulea U.) ; Szybínski, B. (AGH-UST, Cracow) ; Snamina, J. (AGH-UST, Cracow) ; Sosa, A.G. (ESS, Lund) ; Stavropoulos, G. (Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.) ; Stipčevíc, M. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Tarkeshian, R. (ESS, Lund) ; Terranova, F. (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Thomas, J. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Tolba, T. (Hamburg U.) ; Trachanas, E. (ESS, Lund) ; Tsenov, R. (Sofiya U.) ; Vankova-Kirilova, G. (Sofiya U.) ; Vassilopoulos, N. (DINS, Dongguan ; CAS, IHEP, Dongguan) ; Wildner, E. (CERN) ; Wurtz, J. (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Zormpa, O. (Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.) ; Zou, Y. (Uppsala U.)
Publication	2022-11-16
Imprint	2022-06-02
Number of pages	216
In:	Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231, 21 (2022) pp.3779-3955
DOI	10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00664-w (publication) 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00729-w (erratum)
Subject category	physics.acc-ph ; Accelerators and Storage Rings ; hep-ph ; Particle Physics - Phenomenology ; hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract	This conceptual design report provides a detailed account of the European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam (ESS$\nu$SB) feasibility study. This facility has been proposed after the measurements reported in 2012 of a relatively large value of the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$, which raised the possibility of observing potential CP violation in the leptonic sector with conventional neutrino beams. The measured value of $\theta_{13}$ also privileges the $2^{nd}$ oscillation maximum for the discovery of CP violation instead of the more typically studied $1^{st}$ maximum. The sensitivity at this $2^{nd}$ oscillation maximum is about three times higher than at the $1^{st}$ one, which implies a reduced influence of systematic errors. Working at the $2^{nd}$ oscillation maximum requires a very intense neutrino beam with an appropriate energy. The world's most intense pulsed spallation neutron source, the European Spallation Source (ESS), will have a proton linac operating at 5 MW power, 2 GeV kinetic energy and 14 Hz repetition rate (3 ms pulse duration, 4% duty cycle) for neutron production. In this design study it is proposed to double the repetition rate and compress the beam pulses to the level of microseconds in order to provide an additional 5 MW proton beam for neutrino production. The physics performance has been evaluated for such a neutrino super beam, in conjunction with a megaton-scale underground water Cherenkov neutrino detector installed at a distance of 360--550 km from ESS. The ESS proton linac upgrades, the accumulator ring required for proton-pulse compression, the target station design and optimisation, the near and far detector complexes, and the physics potential of the facility are all described in this report. The ESS linac will be operational by 2025, at which point the implementation of upgrades for the neutrino facility could begin.
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