002745750 001__ 2745750
002745750 005__ 20241216042516.0
002745750 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2745750$$pcerncds:CERN$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT
002745750 0247_ $$2DOI$$9arXiv$$a10.1103/physrevresearch.3.023103$$qpublication
002745750 0247_ $$2DOI$$9bibmatch$$a10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.023103
002745750 0247_ $$2DOI$$9arXiv$$a10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.023103$$qpublication
002745750 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:2011.04398$$cphysics.plasm-ph
002745750 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:2011.04398
002745750 035__ $$9Inspire$$aoai:inspirehep.net:1829076$$d2024-12-15T16:55:51Z$$h2024-12-16T03:02:26Z$$mmarcxml$$ttrue$$uhttps://inspirehep.net/api/oai2d
002745750 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1829076
002745750 041__ $$aeng
002745750 100__ $$aArrowsmith, [email protected]$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
002745750 245__ $$9arXiv$$aGenerating ultra-dense pair beams using 400 GeV/c protons
002745750 269__ $$c2020-11-09
002745750 260__ $$c2021-05-11
002745750 300__ $$a9 p
002745750 520__ $$9APS$$aAn experimental scheme is presented for generating low-divergence, ultradense, relativistic, electron-positron beams using 400 GeV/c protons available at facilities such as HiRadMat and AWAKE at CERN. Preliminary Monte Carlo and particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate the possibility of generating beams containing 1013–1014 electron-positron pairs at sufficiently high densities to drive collisionless beam-plasma instabilities, which are expected to play an important role in magnetic field generation and the related radiation signatures of relativistic astrophysical phenomena. The pair beams are quasineutral, with size exceeding several skin depths in all dimensions, allowing the examination of the effect of competition between transverse and longitudinal instability modes on the growth of magnetic fields. Furthermore, the presented scheme allows for the possibility of controlling the relative density of hadrons to electron-positron pairs in the beam, making it possible to explore the parameter spaces for different astrophysical environments.
002745750 520__ $$9arXiv$$aA previously unexplored experimental scheme is presented for generating low-divergence, ultra-dense, relativistic, electron-positron beams using 400 GeV/c protons available at facilities such as HiRadMat and AWAKE at CERN. Preliminary Monte-Carlo and Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate the possibility of generating beams containing $10^{13}-10^{14}$ electron-positron pairs at sufficiently high densities to drive collisionless beam-plasma instabilities, which are expected to play an important role in magnetic field generation and the related radiation signatures of relativistic astrophysical phenomena. The pair beams are quasi-neutral, with size exceeding several skin-depths in all dimensions, allowing for the first time the examination of the effect of competition between transverse and longitudinal instability modes on the growth of magnetic fields. Furthermore, the presented scheme allows for the possibility of controlling the relative density of hadrons to electron-positron pairs in the beam, making it possible to explore the parameter spaces for different astrophysical environments.
002745750 540__ $$3preprint$$aarXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0$$uhttp://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
002745750 540__ $$3publication$$aCC-BY-4.0$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
002745750 542__ $$3publication$$dauthors$$g2021
002745750 65017 $$2arXiv$$ahep-ph
002745750 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aParticle Physics - Phenomenology
002745750 65017 $$2arXiv$$aastro-ph.HE
002745750 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aAstrophysics and Astronomy
002745750 65017 $$2arXiv$$aphysics.plasm-ph
002745750 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aOther Fields of Physics
002745750 690C_ $$aCERN
002745750 690C_ $$aARTICLE
002745750 700__ $$aShukla, N.$$uCINECA$$vCINECA High-Performance Computing Department , Via Magnanelli 6/3, 40033 Casalecchio di Reno - Bologna, Italy
002745750 700__ $$aCharitonidis, N.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
002745750 700__ $$aBoni, R.$$uRochester U.$$vUniversity of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester NY 14623, USA
002745750 700__ $$aChen, H.$$uLLNL, Livermore$$vLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
002745750 700__ $$aDavenne, T.$$uRutherford$$vRutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
002745750 700__ $$aDyson, A.$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
002745750 700__ $$aFroula, D.H.$$uRochester U.$$vUniversity of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
002745750 700__ $$aGudmundsson, J.T.$$uRoyal Inst. Tech., Stockholm$$uIceland U.$$vDepartment of Space and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden$$vScience Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
002745750 700__ $$aHuffman, B.T.$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
002745750 700__ $$aKadi, Y.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
002745750 700__ $$aReville, B.$$uHeidelberg, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
002745750 700__ $$aRichardson, S.$$uAWRE, Aldermaston$$vAtomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
002745750 700__ $$aSarkar, S.$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
002745750 700__ $$aShaw, J.L.$$uRochester U.$$vUniversity of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester NY 14623, USA
002745750 700__ $$aSilva, L.O.$$uLisbon, CFP$$vGoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
002745750 700__ $$aSimon, P.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
002745750 700__ $$aTrines, R.M.G.M.$$uRutherford$$vRutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
002745750 700__ $$aBingham, R.$$uRutherford$$uStrathclyde U.$$vRutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
002745750 700__ $$aGregori, G.$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
002745750 773__ $$c023103$$mpublication$$n2$$pPhys. Rev. Res.$$v3$$xPhysical Review Research 3 (2021) 023103$$y2021
002745750 8564_ $$82266223$$s337954$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2745750/files/peak_densities_shared.png$$y00001 The dependencies of peak densities of each beam species on Be target and Pb converter thicknesses is shown for four configurations. (a) and (b) show the densities obtained for single-component targets of beryllium and lead, while (c) and (d) show the sensitivities of particle densities to a change in thickness of beryllium or lead from a configuration that generates a high density of $e^+e^-$ pairs (that is, 30 cm beryllium target with a 4 cm lead converter). The largest pair beam densities are only achieved by using a configuration that contains both beryllium and lead, and the thickness of lead can be modified to alter the ratio of $e^+e^-$ to hadrons in the beam. Densities are obtained assuming an incident $p^+$ beam with radius $\sigma =$ 0.5 mm, and are presented in units per incident proton, so that the numbers can be scaled to the bunch intensity of the proton facility. A pulse duration of 375 ps is assumed to obtain the peak density from the simulated peak fluence.
002745750 8564_ $$82266224$$s83353$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2745750/files/setup.png$$y00000 Left: Beam parameters for 400 GeV/c proton facilities HiRadMat \cite{efthymiopoulos2011hiradmat} and AWAKE \cite{gschwendtner2016awake}. Right: Proposed experimental setup. Beams composed of electrons, positrons, photons, protons and other hadrons are generated using a beryllium target followed by a lead converter. Driving the beam into a gas cell will ionize the gas, forming a background plasma where the beam-plasma interaction can be studied. Since the bulk of the electrons and positrons in the beam have much smaller momentum than the hadrons, dipole magnets can be used to deflect $e^+e^-$ out of the beam to study their energy spectra, while the hadrons are deflected less and are absorbed by the beam dump.
002745750 8564_ $$82266225$$s560500$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2745750/files/energy_phasespace.png$$y00002 Energy spectra (left) and angle-position phase space plots (right) obtained in the case of a 30 cm beryllium target and 4 cm lead converter. The simulation setup is the same as the one mentioned in Table \ref{tab:characteristics}. The energy spectra are displayed in the ranges where their spectra are most significant, while insets display the spectra extending to much higher energies. The angle-position phase space plots are normalized and displayed with a colour mapping that clearly depicts the half-maxima.
002745750 8564_ $$82266226$$s2396351$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2745750/files/2011.04398.pdf$$yFulltext
002745750 8564_ $$82266227$$s234009$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2745750/files/field_energies.png$$y00004 Evolution of energies contained within transverse magnetic field $\epsilon_{B\bot}$ (red), transverse electric field $\epsilon_{E\bot}$ (green) and longitudinal electric field $\epsilon_{E\parallel}$ (blue) as the beam propagates, normalized to the initial kinetic energy of the beam $\epsilon_p=(\gamma_b-1)V$ where $V$ is the volume of the beam.
002745750 8564_ $$82266228$$s852717$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2745750/files/pic_sims.png$$y00003 Simulation results of the interaction between an electron-positron-proton bunch and a static plasma with density $10^{14}~\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ at a time $t=705~[1/\omega_p]=1.27~\mathrm{ns}$. (a) Density filaments of electrons (blue) and protons (red). (b) Transverse magnetic fields ($B_{\bot}$) filaments due to current filamentation. (c) Longitudinal electric fields ($E_{\parallel}$), and (d) transverse electric fields ($E_{\bot}$) attributed to space charge and inductive effects. Units are such that one plasma period [$1/\omega_p$] corresponds to $[1/\omega_p]=1.8~\mathrm{ps}$, while one skin depth [$c/\omega_p$] corresponds to $[c/\omega_p]=530~\mathrm{\mu m}$, and magnetic and electric field units are $[m_e\omega_pc/e]=3.2~\mathrm{T}$ and $[m_e\omega_pc/e]=\mathrm{GV}~\mathrm{m}^{-1}$ respectively.
002745750 8564_ $$82294377$$s1598060$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2745750/files/PhysRevResearch.3.023103.pdf$$yFulltext from publisher
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002745750 980__ $$aARTICLE