Springer : Conceptual Design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory

Abeln, A.; Ushakov, N.; Hailey, C.J.; Mols, J.P.; Muratova, V.; Castel, J.F.; Werthenbach, U.; Bykovskiy, N.; Miralda-Escudé, J.; Limousin, O.; Fleck, I.; Ortiz de Solórzano, A.; Lakić, B.; Golm, J.; Giannotti, M.; Biasuzzi, B.; Segui, L.; Navick, X.F.; Carmona, J.M.; Lomskaya, I.; Pérez, O.; Calvet, D.; Houdy, T.; Schmidt, S.; Dumoulin, L.; Díez, D.; Salvado, J.; Ruz, J.; Aune, S.; Iglesias-Marzoa, R.; Weltman, A.; Schneekloth, U.; Cogollos, C.; Unzhakov, E.; López-Alegre, G.; Döbrich, B.; Notari, A.; Kravchuk, L.; Luzón, G.; Mertens, S.; Civitani, M.M.; Gninenko, S.; Christensen, F.E.; Pais Da Silva, H.P.; Gastaldo, L.; Mauricio, J.; Lasserre, T.; Rodrigues, M.; Hagge, L.; Drachnev, I.; Bergé, L.; Mirallas, H.; Schiffer, T.; Henriksen, P.L.; Ferreira, D.D. M.; Hahn, J.; Ringwald, A.; Papaevangelou, T.; Pantuev, V.; Marutzky, F.; Malbrunot, C.; Tkachev, I.; Ludwig, K.; Jakovčić, K.; Perez, K.; Mentink, M.; Picatoste, E.; Troitsky, S.; Menesguen, Y.; Arguedas Cuendis, S.; Galán, J.; Tavecchio, F.; Marnieros, S.; Derbin, A.; Schott, M.; Oriol, C.; Lindner, A.; Altenmüller, K.; Wuensch, W.; Ferrer-Ribas, E.; Marin-Franch, A.; Gascón, D.; Rueda-Teruel, S.; Poda, D.V.; Attié, D.; Oster, S.; Voronin, D.; Loidl, M.; Golubev, N.; Nones, C.; Saemann, E.O.; Rueda-Teruel, F.; Armengaud, E.; Brun, P.; Obis, L.; Ruiz-Choliz, E.; Chernov, V.; Kaminski, J.; Cebrián, S.; Giomataris, Y.; Borges De Sousa, P.T. C.; Pareschi, G.; ten Kate, H.H. J.; Lubsandorzhiev, B.; Margalejo, C.; Hengstler, D.; Irastorza, I.G.; Pivovaroff, M.J.; Mescia, F.; Desch, K.; Unger, D.; Vogel, J.K.; Nozik, A.; Dinter, M.; Laurent, P.; Giuliani, A.; Basso, S.; Iñiguez, C.; Dafní, T.; Orsini, F.; Kanoute, B.; Dudarev, A.; Iguaz, F.J.; Karstensen, S.; Yanes-Díaz, A.; Redondo, J.

doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2021)137

Article
Report number	arXiv:2010.12076
Title	Conceptual Design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory
Author(s)	Abeln, A. (Kirchhoff Inst. Phys.) ; Altenmüller, K. (Zaragoza U.) ; Arguedas Cuendis, S. (CERN) ; Armengaud, E. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Attié, D. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Aune, S. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Basso, S. (Brera Observ.) ; Bergé, L. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Biasuzzi, B. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Borges De Sousa, P.T. C. (CERN) ; Brun, P. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Bykovskiy, N. (CERN) ; Calvet, D. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Carmona, J.M. (Zaragoza U.) ; Castel, J.F. (Zaragoza U.) ; Cebrián, S. (Zaragoza U.) ; Chernov, V. (Moscow, MIPT ; Moscow, INR) ; Christensen, F.E. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Civitani, M.M. (Brera Observ.) ; Cogollos, C. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; Barcelona U.) ; Dafní, T. (Zaragoza U.) ; Derbin, A. (St. Petersburg, INP) ; Desch, K. (Bonn U.) ; Díez, D. (Zaragoza U.) ; Dinter, M. (DESY) ; Döbrich, B. (CERN) ; Drachnev, I. (St. Petersburg, INP) ; Dudarev, A. (CERN) ; Dumoulin, L. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Ferreira, D.D. M. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Ferrer-Ribas, E. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Fleck, I. (Siegen U.) ; Galán, J. (Zaragoza U.) ; Gascón, D. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; Barcelona U.) ; Gastaldo, L. (Kirchhoff Inst. Phys.) ; Giannotti, M. (Barry U.) ; Giomataris, Y. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Giuliani, A. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Gninenko, S. (Moscow, INR) ; Golm, J. (CERN ; Jena U.) ; Golubev, N. (Moscow, INR) ; Hagge, L. (DESY) ; Hahn, J. (Siegen U.) ; Hailey, C.J. (Columbia U.) ; Hengstler, D. (Kirchhoff Inst. Phys.) ; Henriksen, P.L. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Houdy, T. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Iglesias-Marzoa, R. (CEFCA, Teruel) ; Iguaz, F.J. (SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin) ; Irastorza, I.G. (Zaragoza U.) ; Iñiguez, C. (CEFCA, Teruel) ; Jakovčić, K. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Kaminski, J. (Bonn U.) ; Kanoute, B. (SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin) ; Karstensen, S. (DESY) ; Kravchuk, L. (Moscow, INR) ; Lakić, B. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Lasserre, T. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Laurent, P. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Limousin, O. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Lindner, A. (DESY) ; Loidl, M. (LIST, Saclay) ; Lomskaya, I. (St. Petersburg, INP) ; López-Alegre, G. (CEFCA, Teruel) ; Lubsandorzhiev, B. (Moscow, INR) ; Ludwig, K. (DESY) ; Luzón, G. (Zaragoza U.) ; Malbrunot, C. (CERN) ; Margalejo, C. (Zaragoza U.) ; Marin-Franch, A. (CEFCA, Teruel) ; Marnieros, S. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Marutzky, F. (DESY) ; Mauricio, J. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; Barcelona U.) ; Menesguen, Y. (LIST, Saclay) ; Mentink, M. (CERN) ; Mertens, S. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Mescia, F. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; Barcelona U.) ; Miralda-Escudé, J. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; ICREA, Barcelona) ; Mirallas, H. (Zaragoza U.) ; Mols, J.P. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Muratova, V. (St. Petersburg, INP) ; Navick, X.F. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Nones, C. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Notari, A. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; Barcelona U.) ; Nozik, A. (Moscow, MIPT ; Moscow, INR) ; Obis, L. (Zaragoza U.) ; Oriol, C. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Orsini, F. (SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin) ; Ortiz de Solórzano, A. (Zaragoza U.) ; Oster, S. (DESY) ; Pais Da Silva, H.P. (CERN) ; Pantuev, V. (Moscow, INR) ; Papaevangelou, T. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Pareschi, G. (Brera Observ.) ; Perez, K. (MIT) ; Pérez, O. (Zaragoza U.) ; Picatoste, E. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; Barcelona U.) ; Pivovaroff, M.J. (LLNL, Livermore ; SLAC) ; Poda, D.V. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Redondo, J. (Zaragoza U.) ; Ringwald, A. (DESY) ; Rodrigues, M. (LIST, Saclay) ; Rueda-Teruel, F. (CEFCA, Teruel) ; Rueda-Teruel, S. (CEFCA, Teruel) ; Ruiz-Choliz, E. (Mainz U.) ; Ruz, J. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Saemann, E.O. (DESY) ; Salvado, J. (ICC, Barcelona U. ; Barcelona U.) ; Schiffer, T. (Bonn U.) ; Schmidt, S. (Bonn U.) ; Schneekloth, U. (DESY) ; Schott, M. (Mainz U.) ; Segui, L. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Tavecchio, F. (Brera Observ.) ; ten Kate, H.H. J. (CERN) ; Tkachev, I. (Moscow, INR) ; Troitsky, S. (Moscow, INR) ; Unger, D. (Kirchhoff Inst. Phys.) ; Unzhakov, E. (St. Petersburg, INP) ; Ushakov, N. (Moscow, INR) ; Vogel, J.K. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Voronin, D. (Moscow, INR) ; Weltman, A. (Cape Town U.) ; Werthenbach, U. (Siegen U.) ; Wuensch, W. (CERN) ; Yanes-Díaz, A. (CEFCA, Teruel)
Publication	2021-05-17
Imprint	2020-10-22
Number of pages	77
Note	77 pages, 49 figures. Prepared for submission to JHEP. Third version after referees comments
In:	JHEP 2105 (2021) 137
DOI	10.1007/JHEP05(2021)137
Subject category	hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment ; astro-ph.IM ; Astrophysics and Astronomy ; physics.ins-det ; Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	IAXO
Abstract	This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as prototype for IAXO, but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with relevant physics reach itself, and with potential for discovery. The BabyIAXO magnet will feature two 10 m long, 70 cm diameter bores, and will host two detection lines (optics and detector) of dimensions similar to the final ones foreseen for IAXO. BabyIAXO will detect or reject solar axions or ALPs with axion-photon couplings down to $g_{a\gamma} \sim 1.5 \times 10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$, and masses up to $m_a\sim 0.25$ eV. BabyIAXO will offer additional opportunities for axion research in view of IAXO, like the development of precision x-ray detectors to identify particular spectral features in the solar axion spectrum, and the implementation of radiofrequency-cavity-based axion dark matter setups.
Copyright/License	publication: © 2021-2024 The Authors (License: CC-BY-4.0), sponsored by SCOAP³ preprint: (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0)

$Feynman diagrams of the different processes responsible for axion production in the Sun. The Primakoff conversion of photons in the electromagnetic fields of the solar plasma depends on the axion-photon coupling $\gagamma$, and is present is practically every axion model. In non-hadronic models, in which axions couple with electrons at tree level, additional mechanisms of solar axion production are relevant, namely: atomic axio-recombination and axion-deexcitation, axio-Bremsstrahlung in electron-ion or electron-electron collisions and Compton scattering with emission of an axion. Collectively, the flux of solar axions from all these latter $g_{ae}$-mediated channels is sometimes called ABC solar axions, from the initials of the mentioned processes. In the diagrams, the letters $\gamma$, $a$, $e$ and $I$ represent a photon, axion, electron and ion respectively. Figure from ref~\cite{Redondo:2013wwa}.$ $Sensitivity plot of IAXO and BabyIAXO in the primary $\gagamma$-$m_a$ parameter space, compared with the QCD axion (yellow) band~\cite{DiLuzio:2016sbl} and other current (solid) and future (dashed) experimental and observational limits (we refer to~\cite{Irastorza:2018dyq} for details on those limits). The yellow band represent the standard QCD axion models and the orange line the benchmark KSVZ model.$ $Sensitivity plot of IAXO to BCA ($\gae$-mediated) solar axions, in the $(|\gae\gagamma|^{1/2}$-$m_a)$ parameter space. The yellow band corresponds to the QCD axion models and the diamond-shaped color regions correspond to particular QCD axion models that are able to fit all the anomalous stellar cooling observations, following~\cite{Giannotti:2017hny}.$ Show more plots

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