submitter : Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Adli, E.; Pitman, S.; Molendijk, J.C.; Verzilov, V.A.; Bracco, C.; Mazzoni, S.; Chappell, J.; Godoy, D. Medina; Pardons, A.; Schmidt, J.S.; Bachmann, A.-M.; Fiorito, R.; Shalimova, I.A.; Garolfi, L.; Tuev, P.V.; Barrientos, D.; Turner, M.; Liu, S.; Petrenko, A.; Cascella, M.; Gorgisyan, I.; Apsimon, R.; Woolley, B.; Ahuja, A.; Gessner, S.; Jensen, L.; Keeble, F.; Pukhov, A.; Peña Asmus, F.; Jolly, S.; Vieira, J.; Silva, L.O.; Velotti, F.; Bohl, T.; Buttenschön, B.; Kim, S.-Y.; Maricalva Brun, L.; Ibison, M.; Li, Y.; Williamson, B.; Lopes, N.; Chevallay, E.; Grulke, O.; Friebel, F.; Sosedkin, A.P.; Mitchell, J.; Farmer, J.; Batsch, F.; Deubner, L.H.; Ruhl, H.; Berglyd Olsen, V.K.; Henderson, J.R.; Deacon, L.; Lotov, K.V.; Soby, L.; Fonseca, R.A.; Bauche, J.; Xia, G.; Hansen, J.; Rey, S.; Speroni, R.; Caldwell, A.; Öz, E.; Moreira, M.; Wing, M.; Sherwood, P.; Verra, L.; Moody, J.T.; Rieger, K.; Gorn, A.A.; Apsimon, O.; Braunmüller, F.; Pepitone, K.; Fedosseev, V.N.; Hüther, M.; Gschwendtner, E.; Granados, E.; Burt, G.; Bernardini, M.; Spitsyn, R.I.; Welsch, C.P.; Helm, A.; Perera, A.; Minakov, V.A.; Doebert, S.; Damerau, H.; Dexter, A.; Muggli, P.; Chung, M.; Martyanov, M.; Kraus, F.; Pasquino, C.; Cooke, D.

doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0485-4

Article
Report number	arXiv:1808.09759
Title	Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch
Related title	Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch
Author(s)	Adli, E. (Oslo U.) ; Ahuja, A. (CERN) ; Apsimon, O. (Manchester U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Apsimon, R. (Lancaster U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Bachmann, A.-M. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Barrientos, D. (CERN) ; Batsch, F. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Bauche, J. (CERN) ; Berglyd Olsen, V.K. (Oslo U.) ; Bernardini, M. (CERN) ; Bohl, T. (CERN) ; Bracco, C. (CERN) ; Braunmüller, F. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Burt, G. (Lancaster U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Buttenschön, B. (Greifswald, Max Planck Inst.) ; Caldwell, A. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Cascella, M. (University Coll. London) ; Chappell, J. (University Coll. London) ; Chevallay, E. (CERN) ; Chung, M. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Cooke, D. (University Coll. London) ; Damerau, H. (CERN) ; Deacon, L. (University Coll. London) ; Deubner, L.H. (Philipps U. Marburg) ; Dexter, A. (Lancaster U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Doebert, S. (CERN) ; Farmer, J. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Fedosseev, V.N. (CERN) ; Fiorito, R. (Liverpool U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Fonseca, R.A. (ISCTE, Lisbon) ; Friebel, F. (CERN) ; Garolfi, L. (CERN) ; Gessner, S. (CERN) ; Gorgisyan, I. (CERN) ; Gorn, A.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Granados, E. (CERN) ; Grulke, O. (Greifswald, Max Planck Inst. ; Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Gschwendtner, E. (CERN) ; Hansen, J. (CERN) ; Helm, A. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Henderson, J.R. (Lancaster U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Hüther, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Ibison, M. (Liverpool U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Jensen, L. (CERN) ; Jolly, S. (University Coll. London) ; Keeble, F. (University Coll. London) ; Kim, S.-Y. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Kraus, F. (Philipps U. Marburg) ; Li, Y. (Manchester U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Liu, S. (TRIUMF) ; Lopes, N. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Lotov, K.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Maricalva Brun, L. (CERN) ; Martyanov, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Mazzoni, S. (CERN) ; Godoy, D. Medina (CERN) ; Minakov, V.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Mitchell, J. (Lancaster U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Molendijk, J.C. (CERN) ; Moody, J.T. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Moreira, M. (Lisbon, CFP ; CERN) ; Muggli, P. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; CERN) ; Öz, E. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Pasquino, C. (CERN) ; Pardons, A. (CERN) ; Peña Asmus, F. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Pepitone, K. (CERN) ; Perera, A. (Liverpool U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Petrenko, A. (CERN ; Novosibirsk, IYF) ; Pitman, S. (Lancaster U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Pukhov, A. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Rey, S. (CERN) ; Rieger, K. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Ruhl, H. (Unlisted, DE) ; Schmidt, J.S. (CERN) ; Shalimova, I.A. (Novosibirsk State U. ; Inst. Comp. Math Geophys.) ; Sherwood, P. (University Coll. London) ; Silva, L.O. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Soby, L. (CERN) ; Sosedkin, A.P. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Speroni, R. (CERN) ; Spitsyn, R.I. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Tuev, P.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Turner, M. (CERN) ; Velotti, F. (CERN) ; Verra, L. (CERN ; Milan U.) ; Verzilov, V.A. (TRIUMF) ; Vieira, J. (Lisbon, CFP) ; Welsch, C.P. (Liverpool U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Williamson, B. (Manchester U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Wing, M. (University Coll. London) ; Woolley, B. (CERN) ; Xia, G. (Manchester U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.)
Publication	2018-08-29
Imprint	2018-08-29
Number of pages	5
Note	7 pages, 4 figures
In:	10.1038/s41586-018-0485-4
DOI	10.1038/s41586-018-0485-4
Subject category	physics.acc-ph ; Accelerators and Storage Rings
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN SPS ; AWAKE
Abstract	High energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. In order to increase the energy or reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields, is one such promising novel acceleration technique. Pioneering experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse or electron bunch traversing a plasma, drives electric fields of 10s GV/m and above. These values are well beyond those achieved in conventional RF accelerators which are limited to 0.1 GV/m. A limitation of laser pulses and electron bunches is their low stored energy, which motivates the use of multiple stages to reach very high energies. The use of proton bunches is compelling, as they have the potential to drive wakefields and accelerate electrons to high energy in a single accelerating stage. The long proton bunches currently available can be used, as they undergo self-modulation, a particle-plasma interaction which longitudinally splits the bunch into a series of high density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The AWAKE experiment at CERN uses intense bunches of protons, each of energy 400 GeV, with a total bunch energy of 19 kJ, to drive a wakefield in a 10 m long plasma. Bunches of electrons are injected into the wakefield formed by the proton microbunches. This paper presents measurements of electrons accelerated up to 2 GeV at AWAKE. This constitutes the first demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The potential for this scheme to produce very high energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage means that the results shown here are a significant step towards the development of future high energy particle accelerators.
Copyright/License	publication: © 2018 Springer (License: CC-BY-4.0)

$The layout of the AWAKE experiment. The proton bunch and laser pulse propagate from left to right across the image, through a 10\,m column of rubidium vapour. This laser pulse (green, bottom images) singly ionises the rubidium (Rb) to form a plasma (yellow) which then interacts with the proton bunch (red, bottom left image). This interaction modulates the long proton bunch into a series of microbunches (bottom right image) which drive a strong wakefield in the plasma. The self-modulation of the proton bunch is measured in imaging stations 1 and 2 and the optical and coherent transition radiation (OTR, CTR) diagnostics. The rubidium is supplied by two flasks (pink) at each end of the vapour source. The density is controlled by changing the temperature in these flasks and a gradient may be introduced by changing their relative temperature. Electrons (blue), generated using a radio frequency (RF) source, propagate a short distance behind the laser pulse and are injected into the wakefield by crossing at an angle. Some of these electrons are captured in the wakefield and accelerated to high energies. The accelerated electron bunches are focused and separated from the protons by the spectrometer's quadrupoles and dipole magnet (grey, right). These electrons interact with a scintillating screen (top right image), allowing them to be imaged and their energy inferred from their position.$ $Signal of accelerated electrons. An image of the scintillator (horizontal distance, $x$, and vertical distance, $y$) with an electron signal clearly visible (top) and a vertical integration over the observed charge in the central region of the image (bottom), with background subtraction and geometric corrections applied, is shown. The intensity of the image is given in charge, $Q$, per unit area, calculated using the central value from the calibration of the scintillator. A $1\,\sigma$ uncertainty band from the background subtraction is shown in orange around zero on the bottom plot. Both the image and the projection are binned in space, as shown on the top axis, but the central value from the position--energy conversion is indicated at various points on the bottom axis. The electron signal is clearly visible above the noise, with a peak intensity at energy, $E \sim 800$\,MeV.$ $Background-subtracted projections of consecutive electron-injection events. Each projection is a vertical integration over the central region of a background-subtracted spectrometer camera image. Brighter colours indicate regions of high charge density, $dQ/dx$, corresponding to accelerated electrons. The spectrometer's quadrupoles were varied to focus at energies of 460--620\,MeV over the duration of the dataset. No other parameters were deliberately varied. The consistent peak around energy $E \sim 600$\,MeV demonstrates the stability and reliability of the electron acceleration.$ Show more plots

Corresponding record in: Inspire

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記錄創建於2018-09-05，最後更新在2023-07-13

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