002161393 001__ 2161393
002161393 003__ SzGeCERN
002161393 005__ 20220810144118.0
002161393 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1103/PhysRevC.94.044906
002161393 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2161393$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN
002161393 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:1606.04234
002161393 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1469272
002161393 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:1606.04234$$cnucl-ex
002161393 041__ $$aeng
002161393 084__ $$2CERN Library$$aEP-2016-107
002161393 088__ $$9CERN-EP-DRAFT-NA49-2016-001
002161393 088__ $$aCERN-EP-2016-107
002161393 100__ $$aAnticic, T.$$uBoskovic Inst., Zagreb$$vRudjer Boskovic Institute , Zagreb, Croatia
002161393 245__ $$aProduction of deuterium, tritium, and $^3$He in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A, and 158A GeV at the CERN SPS
002161393 260__ $$c2016-10-13
002161393 269__ $$aGeneva$$bCERN$$c15 Jun 2016
002161393 300__ $$a20 p
002161393 500__ $$9arXiv$$a22 pages, 29 figures, 8 tables, for submission to Phys. Rev. C
002161393 506__ [email protected]
002161393 506__ $$mcds-edboard-na49 [CERN]
002161393 506__ $$mcds-ph-ep-publications-referee-non-lhc [CERN]
002161393 520__ $$aProduction of $d$, $t$, and $^3$He nuclei in central Pb+Pb interactions was studied at five collision energies ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 6.3, 7.6, 8.8, 12.3, and 17.3 GeV) with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS. Transverse momentum spectra, rapidity distributions, and particle ratios were measured. Yields are compared to predictions of statistical models. Phase-space distributions of light nuclei are discussed and compared to those of protons in the context of a coalescence approach. The coalescence parameters $B_2$ and $B_3$, as well as coalescence radii for $d$ and $^3$He were determined as a function of transverse mass at all energies.
002161393 520__ $$9APS$$aProduction of d,t, and He3 nuclei in central Pb+Pb interactions was studied at five collision energies (sNN=6.3, 7.6, 8.8, 12.3, and 17.3 GeV) with the NA49 detector at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Transverse momentum spectra, rapidity distributions, and particle ratios were measured. Yields are compared to predictions of statistical models. Phase-space distributions of light nuclei are discussed and compared to those of protons in the context of a coalescence approach. The coalescence parameters B2 and B3, as well as coalescence radii for d and He3 were determined as a function of transverse mass at all energies.
002161393 520__ $$9arXiv$$aProduction of $d$, $t$, and $^3$He nuclei in central Pb+Pb interactions was studied at five collision energies ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 6.3, 7.6, 8.8, 12.3, and 17.3 GeV) with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS. Transverse momentum spectra, rapidity distributions, and particle ratios were measured. Yields are compared to predictions of statistical models. Phase-space distributions of light nuclei are discussed and compared to those of protons in the context of a coalescence approach. The coalescence parameters $B_2$ and $B_3$, as well as coalescence radii for $d$ and $^3$He were determined as a function of transverse mass at all energies.
002161393 540__ $$aarXiv nonexclusive-distrib. 1.0$$barXiv$$uhttp://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
002161393 540__ $$3preprint$$aCC-BY-4.0
002161393 540__ $$3publication$$aCC-BY-3.0
002161393 542__ $$3preprint$$dCERN$$g2016
002161393 542__ $$3publication$$dThe Author(s)$$g2016
002161393 595__ $$aCERN-EP
002161393 595__ $$aCERN EDS
002161393 595__ $$aLANL EDS
002161393 65017 $$2arXiv$$aNuclear Physics - Experiment
002161393 6531_ $$9CERN$$arelativistic heavy ion physics
002161393 6531_ $$9CERN$$aparticle and resonance production
002161393 6531_ $$9CERN$$aexperimental results
002161393 6531_ $$9CERN$$aheavy-ion collisions
002161393 6531_ $$9CERN$$aproduction of light nuclei d,t,3He
002161393 690C_ $$aARTICLE
002161393 690C_ $$aCERN
002161393 695__ $$9LANL EDS$$anucl-ex
002161393 693__ $$aCERN SPS$$eNA49
002161393 700__ $$aBaatar, B.$$uDubna, JINR$$vJoint Institute for Nuclear Research , Dubna, Russia
002161393 700__ $$aBartke, J.$$uCracow, INP$$vHenryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Cracow, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aBeck, H.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aBetev, L.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002161393 700__ $$aBiałkowska, H.$$uWarsaw, Inst. Nucl. Studies$$vInstitute for Nuclear Studies , Warsaw, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aBlume, C.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aBoimska, B.$$uWarsaw, Inst. Nucl. Studies$$vInstitute for Nuclear Studies , Warsaw, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aBook, J.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aBotje, M.$$uNIKHEF, Amsterdam$$vNIKHEF , Amsterdam, Netherlands
002161393 700__ $$aBunčić, P.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002161393 700__ $$aChristakoglou, P.$$uNIKHEF, Amsterdam$$vNIKHEF , Amsterdam, Netherlands
002161393 700__ $$aChung, P.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Chemistry, Stony Brook University (SUNYSB) , Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
002161393 700__ $$aChvala, O.$$uCharles U.$$vInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
002161393 700__ $$aCramer, J.G.$$uWashington U., Seattle$$vNuclear Physics Laboratory, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
002161393 700__ $$aEckardt, V.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax-Planck-Institut für Physik , Munich, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aFodor, Z.$$uBudapest, RMKI$$vKFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
002161393 700__ $$aFoka, P.$$uDarmstadt, GSI$$vGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) , Darmstadt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aFriese, V.$$uDarmstadt, GSI$$vGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) , Darmstadt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aGaździcki, M.$$uJan Kochanowski U.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland$$vFachbereich Physik der Universitat, Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aGrebieszkow, K.$$uWarsaw U. of Tech.$$vFaculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology , Warsaw, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aHöhne, C.$$uDarmstadt, GSI$$vGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) , Darmstadt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aKadija, K.$$uBoskovic Inst., Zagreb$$vRudjer Boskovic Institute , Zagreb, Croatia
002161393 700__ $$aKarev, A.$$uCERN$$vCERN , Geneva, Switzerland
002161393 700__ $$aKolesnikov, V.I.$$uDubna, JINR$$vJoint Institute for Nuclear Research , Dubna, Russia
002161393 700__ $$aKowalski, M.$$uCracow, INP$$vHenryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Cracow, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aKresan, D.$$uDarmstadt, GSI$$vGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) , Darmstadt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aLaszlo, A.$$uBudapest, RMKI$$vKFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
002161393 700__ $$aLacey, R.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Chemistry, Stony Brook University (SUNYSB) , Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
002161393 700__ $$avan Leeuwen, M.$$uNIKHEF, Amsterdam$$vNIKHEF , Amsterdam, Netherlands
002161393 700__ $$aMaćkowiak-Pawłowska, M.$$uWarsaw U. of Tech.$$vFaculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology , Warsaw, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aMakariev, M.$$uSofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.$$vInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy , BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
002161393 700__ $$aMalakhov, A.I.$$uDubna, JINR$$vJoint Institute for Nuclear Research , Dubna, Russia
002161393 700__ $$aMelkumov, G.L.$$uDubna, JINR$$vJoint Institute for Nuclear Research , Dubna, Russia
002161393 700__ $$aMitrovski, M.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aMrówczyński, St.$$uJan Kochanowski U.$$vInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aPálla, G.$$uBudapest, RMKI$$vKFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
002161393 700__ $$aPanagiotou, A.D.$$uAthens U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Athens , Athens, Greece
002161393 700__ $$aPrindle, D.$$uWashington U., Seattle$$vNuclear Physics Laboratory, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
002161393 700__ $$aPühlhofer, F.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Marburg, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aRenfordt, R.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aRoland, C.$$uMIT$$vMIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
002161393 700__ $$aRoland, G.$$uMIT$$vMIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
002161393 700__ $$aRustamov, A.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aRybczyński, M.$$uJan Kochanowski U.$$vInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aRybicki, A.$$uCracow, INP$$vHenryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Cracow, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aSandoval, A.$$uDarmstadt, GSI$$vGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) , Darmstadt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aSchmitz, N.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax-Planck-Institut für Physik , Munich, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aSchuster, T.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aSeyboth, P.$$uMunich, Max Planck Inst.$$vMax-Planck-Institut für Physik , Munich, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aSiklér, F.$$uBudapest, RMKI$$vKFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
002161393 700__ $$aSkrzypczak, E.$$uWarsaw U.$$vInstitute for Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aSlodkowski, M.$$uWarsaw U. of Tech.$$vFaculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology , Warsaw, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aStefanek, G.$$uJan Kochanowski U.$$vInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aStock, R.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aStröbele, H.$$uHamburg U., Dept. Math.$$vFachbereich Physik der Universität , Frankfurt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aSusa, T.$$uBoskovic Inst., Zagreb$$vRudjer Boskovic Institute , Zagreb, Croatia
002161393 700__ $$aSzuba, M.$$uWarsaw U. of Tech.$$vFaculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology , Warsaw, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aVarga, D.$$uEotvos U.$$vEötvös Loránt University , Budapest, Hungary
002161393 700__ $$aVassiliou, M.$$uAthens U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Athens , Athens, Greece
002161393 700__ $$aVeres, G.I.$$uBudapest, RMKI$$vKFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
002161393 700__ $$aVesztergombi, G.$$uBudapest, RMKI$$vKFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
002161393 700__ $$aVranić, D.$$uDarmstadt, GSI$$vGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) , Darmstadt, Germany
002161393 700__ $$aWłodarczyk, Z.$$uJan Kochanowski U.$$vInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce, Poland
002161393 700__ $$aWojtaszek-Szwarc, A.$$uJan Kochanowski U.$$vInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce, Poland
002161393 710__ $$gNA49 Collaboration
002161393 773__ $$c044906$$pPhys. Rev. C$$v94$$y2016
002161393 859__ [email protected]
002161393 8564_ $$uhttp://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.04234.pdf$$yPreprint
002161393 8564_ $$81256431$$s2158161$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/PhysRevC.94.044906.pdf$$yAPS Open Access article
002161393 8564_ $$81256431$$s2095595$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/PhysRevC.94.044906.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yAPS Open Access article
002161393 8564_ $$81291766$$s610993$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/arXiv:1606.04234.pdf
002161393 8564_ $$81291739$$s14268$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_meanmt_mass_new.png$$y00022 (Color online) Mass dependence of $\langle m_t\rangle -m$ in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$-158\agev. Linear fits to the data points are indicated by dashed lines.
002161393 8564_ $$81291740$$s11116$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_all_pt_tr.png$$y00006 (Color online) Invariant $p_t$ spectra of $t$ at 20$A$-158\agev. Only statistical errors are shown.
002161393 8564_ $$81291741$$s40150$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_penal_pt.png$$y00016 (Color online) a) Invariant mid-rapidity $p_t$ spectra of $p$, $d$ and $^3$He from central Pb+Pb collisions at 30\agev; b) Invariant yield of clusters at several values of $p_t/A$ from central Pb+Pb collisions at 30\agev~ (values for $d$ were divided by the spin factor 3/2); c) Penalty factor $P$ from the cluster yields at several values of $p_t/A$ from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$-158\agev; d) Excitation function for the penalty factor at $p_t/A$ near zero and $p_t/A=0.8$~\gevc. AGS data are from~\cite{clust_e864}, the result from the STAR Collaboration was reported in~\cite{star_pen}.
002161393 8564_ $$81291742$$s30817$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_penal_new_2.png$$y00015 (Color online) Penalty factor from the cluster yields at mid-rapidity (closed symbols) and 4$\pi$ multiplicities (open circles) in central A+A collisions. Red circles represent the NA49 data, the AGS measurement (blue triangle) is from~\cite{clust_e864}, and the green star indicates the result from the ALICE experiment~\cite{alice}. The thermal statistical model estimates are from~\cite{pbm,cleym,shm,vbg} (see text for detail).
002161393 8564_ $$81291743$$s61435$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_all_pt_20g_lin.png$$y00007 (Color online) $p_t$ spectra of $^3$He in rapidity bins of $|\Delta y|=0.3$ from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20\agev. Fits with a sum of two exponentials are plotted by the dashed curves, fits with a single exponential by dotted curves (see text for more detail).
002161393 8564_ $$81291744$$s8234$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_deu_total.png$$y00011 (Color online) 4$\pi$ yield of deuterons in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$-158\agev. The NA49 data (red squares) are the average of the results for the 'Fit A' and 'Fit B' extrapolations (see text for detail). Thermal model calculations (see text) are shown by blue circles; the inset shows the ratio of the experimental data to the thermal model predictions. Symbols for experimental data and model predictions have been displaced for clarity in presentation.
002161393 8564_ $$81291745$$s13586$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_all_mt_dt.png$$y00021 (Color online) Invariant $m_t$ spectra from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$-158\agev~for tritons (a) and deuterons (b).
002161393 8564_ $$81291746$$s40974$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_hadrons_40g.png$$y00024 (Color online) Blast-Wave (BW) motivated fits to mid-rapidity $m_t$ spectra of $\pi,K$, $p$ and $\bar{p}$ from central Pb+Pb collisions at 40\agev. Data from~Refs.~\cite{na49_pika,na49_pika1,na49_ppbar}
002161393 8564_ $$81291747$$s9115$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_meanmt_energy_new.png$$y00019 (Color online) a) $\langle m_t\rangle -m$ at mid-rapidity vs. $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ for $A=3$ clusters from central A+A collisions at SPS, AGS, and RHIC energies. b) The width $\sigma_{y/y_{beam}}$ of the Gaussian fitted to the rapidity dependence of $\langle m_t\rangle -m$ (see Fig.~\ref{meanmt_hel}) for $^3$He versus $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.
002161393 8564_ $$81291748$$s28845$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_deu_dndy.png$$y00009 (Color online) Rapidity distributions for $d$ at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev~(e). The solid symbols show the measurements and the open symbols represent the data points reflected about mid-rapidity. The error bars correspond to the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic errors. Dashed and dot-dashed lines indicate the functional forms used to extrapolate to $4\pi$ yields (see text for more detail). The NA44 experimental data on $d$ are taken from Ref~\cite{deu_na44}.
002161393 8564_ $$81291749$$s12194$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_all_pt_deu.png$$y00005 (Color online) Invariant $p_t$ spectra of $d$ at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev~(e). Only statistical errors are shown.
002161393 8564_ $$81291750$$s34196$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_dhel_dndy_new.png$$y00012 (Color online) Rapidity distributions for $^3$He (a) and deuterons (b) from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$-158\agev~versus normalized rapidity $y/y_{beam}$. The solid symbols show the measurements and the open symbols represent the data points reflected around mid-rapidity. The error bars correspond to the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic errors. Dashed lines indicate parabolic fits to the rapidity spectra (see text for more detail).
002161393 8564_ $$81291751$$s38242$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_meanmt_hel_new.png$$y00018 (Color online) Mean transverse mass for $^3$He as a function of $y/y_{beam}$ from central Pb+Pb at 20$A$-158\agev. Results for the forward and backward hemispheres were averaged (see text). Dashed lines indicate fits to a Gaussian.
002161393 8564_ $$81291752$$s30768$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_fig_b3_mt.png$$y00028 (Color online) Coalescence parameter $B_3$ as a function of $m_t-m$ for $^3$He nuclei from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev (e). The dashed lines represent fits with an exponential in $m_t$.
002161393 8564_ $$81291753$$s29998$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_fig_b2_mt.png$$y00027 (Color online) Coalescence parameter $B_2$ as a function of $m_t-m$ for deuterons from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev (e). The dashed lines represent fits with an exponential in $m_t$.
002161393 8564_ $$81291754$$s26133$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_trithel_pt.png$$y00025 (Color online) Ratio of $t$ to $^3$He yields as a function of $p_t$ from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev (e). The dashed lines show the results of fits to a constant.
002161393 8564_ $$81291755$$s14363$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_trit_hel_rat_hep.png$$y00026 (Color online) $n/p$, $t/^3$He, and $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratios in central A+A collisions.
002161393 8564_ $$81291756$$s8738$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_fig_rad.png$$y00030 (Color online) Coalescence radii $R_{coal}$ for A=2 (squares) and A=3 (circles) nuclei from central A+A collisions.
002161393 8564_ $$81291757$$s36244$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_clust_fig11.png$$y00000 (Color online) a) Energy loss \dedx~versus mass-squared from Pb+Pb at 20\agev~for the momentum interval 6$<$p$<$8~\gevc~. Deuteron and triton candidates are selected within the 3$\sigma$ PID ellipses indicated by the dashed lines. b) Mass-squared distribution after a \dedx~upper limit cut (see text). The solid line indicates the best fit with two Gaussians (the dotted lines) and the background (the dash-dotted line).
002161393 8564_ $$81291758$$s26796$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_fig_acc_mt.png$$y00003 (Color online) The NA49 phase space coverage in terms of $y$ and $m_t$ at 20\agev~for deuterons (a), tritons (b), $^3$He (c), and at 158\agev~for deuterons (d), tritons (e), $^3$He (f).
002161393 8564_ $$81291759$$s5376$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_sigmt_energy_new.png$$y00020 (Color online) a) $\langle m_t\rangle -m$ at mid-rapidity vs. $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ for $A=3$ clusters from central A+A collisions at SPS, AGS, and RHIC energies. b) The width $\sigma_{y/y_{beam}}$ of the Gaussian fitted to the rapidity dependence of $\langle m_t\rangle -m$ (see Fig.~\ref{meanmt_hel}) for $^3$He versus $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.
002161393 8564_ $$81291760$$s8677$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_hel_total.png$$y00010 (Color online) 4$\pi$ yield of $^3$He in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$-158\agev. The NA49 data (red squares) are the average of the results for the 'Fit A' and 'Fit B' extrapolations (see text for detail). Thermal model calculations (see text) are shown by blue circles; the inset shows the ratio of the experimental data to the thermal model predictions. Symbols for experimental data and model predictions have been displaced for clarity in presentation.
002161393 8564_ $$81291761$$s12530$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_fig_b3.png$$y00029 (Color online) Coalescence parameter $B_2$ and $B_3$ from central A+A collisions.
002161393 8564_ $$81291762$$s36998$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_clust_fig2.png$$y00001 (Color online) a) Energy loss \dedx~versus mass-squared from Pb+Pb at 20\agev~for the momentum interval 6$<$p$<$8~\gevc~. Deuteron and triton candidates are selected within the 3$\sigma$ PID ellipses indicated by the dashed lines. b) Mass-squared distribution after a \dedx~upper limit cut (see text). The solid line indicates the best fit with two Gaussians (the dotted lines) and the background (the dash-dotted line).
002161393 8564_ $$81291763$$s13863$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_penal_new_1.png$$y00014 (Color online) Values of \dndy~at mid-rapidity (see text) as a function of mass number $A$ ($p, d$, $^3$He) from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$-158\agev. The dashed lines represent the fit to an exponential dependence (see text Eq.~\ref{penalty}). Values of \dndy~for $d$ were divided by the spin factor 3/2 (see text for more detail).
002161393 8564_ $$81291764$$s6466$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_shape_dndy_new.png$$y00013 (Color online) The ratio $b/a$ of the fit parameters obtained for the rapidity spectra of $^3$He (dots) and $d$ (squares) from central Pb+Pb collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.
002161393 8564_ $$81291765$$s59777$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_mtspec_hel.png$$y00017 (Color online) $m_t$ spectra of $^3$He in rapidity slices from central Pb+Pb collisions at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev~(d). The spectra are scaled down by a factor of 3 successively. Only statistical errors are plotted. Dashed curves indicate the fits to the spectra with a sum of two exponential functions.
002161393 8564_ $$81291767$$s32119$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_hel_dndy.png$$y00008 (Color online) Rapidity distributions for $^3$He at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev~(e). The solid symbols show the measurements and the open symbols represent the data points reflected about mid-rapidity. The error bars correspond to the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic errors. Dashed and dot-dashed lines indicate the functional forms used to extrapolate to $4\pi$ yields (see text for more detail). The NA44 experimental data on $t$ are taken from Ref.~\cite{deu_na44}
002161393 8564_ $$81291768$$s54562$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_all_pt_hel.png$$y00004 (Color online) Invariant $p_t$ spectra of $^3$He at 20$A$ (a), 30$A$ (b), 40$A$ (c), 80$A$ (d), and 158\agev~(e). Only statistical errors are shown. The distributions near mid-rapidity are drawn to scale, other spectra are scaled down by successive powers of 5 for clarity. The same scaling factor is used for two rapidity slices that are symmetric about mid-rapidity ($y=0$).
002161393 8564_ $$81291769$$s37398$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_new_fig2.png$$y00002 (Color online) a) Energy loss \dedx~measured in the MTPC as a function of rigidity for charged tracks from central Pb+Pb collisions at 40\agev. The dashed curves indicate the PID cut boundaries used for selection of $^3$He. b) Distribution of \dedx~in the momentum interval $8<p<10$~\gevc. A fit of a Gaussian signal plus background is shown by the solid curve. Black vertical lines indicate the selection window for $^3$He.
002161393 8564_ $$81291770$$s11577$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161393/files/plots_mtspec_tbeta.png$$y00023 (Color online) Energy dependence of the source temperature $T$ (a) and average collective transverse velocity $\langle \beta \rangle$ (b) at the kinetic freezeout in central A+A collisions. The NA49 data from the $m_t$ versus mass analysis (see text for detail) are indicated by green circles; those from blast-wave (BW) fits of $m_t$ spectra of hadrons from NA49 are depicted by blue squares; red stars are the STAR-BES results from a BW analysis of hadron spectra reported in~\cite{star_bw}.
002161393 9031_ $$aApproval requested for number CERN-EP-2016-107$$bCERN-EP-2016-107$$cEPPHAPP$$d2016-04-26 10:43:48$$e2016-05-03 10:43:[email protected]$$swaiting
002161393 9031_ $$aFurther internal refereeing of the paper$$bCERN-EP-2016-107$$cEPPHAPP$$d2016-05-03 08:28:[email protected]$$sreviewing
002161393 9031_ $$aDocument approved$$bCERN-EP-2016-107$$cEPPHAPP$$d2016-05-10 17:47:[email protected]$$sapproved
002161393 916__ $$sn$$w201624
002161393 960__ $$a13
002161393 980__ $$aNA49_Papers
002161393 980__ $$aARTICLE
002161393 981__ $$a2148587