Página principal > Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB |
Article | |
Report number | arXiv:1506.07135 |
Title | Planck 2015 results. XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB |
Author(s) |
Ade, P.A.R. (Cardiff U.) ; Aghanim, N. (Orsay) ; Akrami, Y. (Oslo U. ; Heidelberg U.) ; Aluri, P.K. (Pune U.) ; Arnaud, M. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Ashdown, M. (Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U.) ; Aumont, J. (Orsay) ; Baccigalupi, C. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Banday, A.J. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Barreiro, R.B. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Bartolo, N. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Basak, S. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Battaner, E. (Granada U.) ; Benabed, K. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Benoit, A. (Neel Lab, Grenoble) ; Benoit-Levy, A. (University Coll. London ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Bernard, J.P. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Bersanelli, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Bielewicz, P. (Warsaw, Copernicus Astron. Ctr. ; IRAP, Toulouse ; SISSA, Trieste) ; Bock, J.J. (Caltech) ; Bonaldi, A. (Manchester U.) ; Bonavera, L. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Bond, J.R. (Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Borrill, J. (LBL, Berkeley ; UC, Berkeley) ; Bouchet, F.R. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Boulanger, F. (Orsay) ; Bucher, M. (APC, Paris) ; Burigana, C. (Bologna Observ. ; Ferrara U. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Butler, R.C. (Bologna Observ.) ; Calabrese, E. (Oxford U.) ; Cardoso, J.F. (LTCI, Paris ; APC, Paris ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Casaponsa, B. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Catalano, A. (LPSC, Grenoble ; LERMA, Ivry) ; Challinor, A. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Chamballu, A. (DAPNIA, Saclay ; Orsay) ; Chiang, H.C. (Princeton U. ; KwaZulu Natal U.) ; Christensen, P.R. (Bohr Inst.) ; Church, S. (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.) ; Clements, D.L. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Colombi, S. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Colombo, L.P.L. (UCLA ; Caltech) ; Combet, C. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Contreras, D. (British Columbia U.) ; Couchot, F. (Orsay) ; Coulais, A. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Crill, B.P. (Caltech) ; Cruz, M. (Cantabria U., Santander) ; Curto, A. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; Cambridge U. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Cuttaia, F. (Bologna Observ.) ; Danese, L. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Davies, R.D. (Manchester U.) ; Davis, R.J. (Manchester U.) ; de Bernardis, P. (Rome U.) ; de Rosa, A. (Bologna Observ.) ; de Zotti, G. (Padua Observ. ; SISSA, Trieste) ; Delabrouille, J. (APC, Paris) ; Desert, F.X. (Grenoble Observ.) ; Diego, J.M. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Dole, H. (Orsay ; IUF, Paris) ; Donzelli, S. (Brera Observ.) ; Dore, O. (Caltech) ; Douspis, M. (Orsay) ; Ducout, A. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Imperial Coll., London) ; Dupac, X. (ESA, Madrid) ; Efstathiou, G. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.) ; Elsner, F. (University Coll. London ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Ensslin, T.A. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Eriksen, H.K. (Oslo U.) ; Fantaye, Y. (Rome U.) ; Fergusson, J. (Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Fernandez-Cobos, R. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Finelli, F. (Bologna Observ. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Forni, O. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Frailis, M. (Trieste Observ.) ; Fraisse, A.A. (Princeton U.) ; Franceschi, E. (Bologna Observ.) ; Frejsel, A. (Bohr Inst.) ; Frolov, A. (Simon Fraser U.) ; Galeotta, S. (Trieste Observ.) ; Galli, S. (Chicago U., KICP) ; Ganga, K. (APC, Paris) ; Gauthier, C. (APC, Paris ; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.) ; Ghosh, T. (Orsay) ; Giard, M. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Giraud-Heraud, Y. (APC, Paris) ; Gjerlow, E. (Oslo U.) ; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. (Oviedo U. ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Gorski, K.M. (Caltech ; Warsaw U.) ; Gratton, S. (Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.) ; Gregorio, A. (Trieste U. ; Trieste Observ. ; INFN, Trieste) ; Gruppuso, A. (Bologna Observ.) ; Gudmundsson, J.E. (Princeton U.) ; Hansen, F.K. (Oslo U.) ; Hanson, D. (Rutherford ; Caltech ; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Harrison, D.L. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Henrot-Versille, S. (Orsay) ; Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. (CEFCA, Teruel ; Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Herranz, D. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Hildebrandt, S.R. (Caltech) ; Hivon, E. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Hobson, M. (Cambridge U.) ; Holmes, W.A. (Caltech) ; Hornstrup, A. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Hovest, W. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Huang, Z. (Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Huffenberger, K.M. (Florida State U.) ; Hurier, G. (Orsay) ; Jaffe, A.H. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Jaffe, T.R. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Jones, W.C. (Princeton U.) ; Juvela, M. (Helsinki U.) ; Keihanen, E. (Helsinki U.) ; Keskitalo, R. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Kim, J. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Kisner, T.S. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Knoche, J. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Kunz, M. (Geneva U. ; Orsay ; African Inst. Math. Sci., Cape Town) ; Kurki-Suonio, H. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Lagache, G. (Marseille, Lab. Astrophys. ; Orsay) ; Lahteenmaki, A. (Aalto U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Lamarre, J.M. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Lasenby, A. (Cambridge U. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Lattanzi, M. (Ferrara U.) ; Lawrence, C.R. (Caltech) ; Leonardi, R. (ESA, Madrid) ; Lesgourgues, J. (Aachen, Tech. Hochsch. ; CERN) ; Levrier, F. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Liguori, M. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Lilje, P.B. (Oslo U.) ; Linden-Vornle, M. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Liu, H. (Bohr Inst.) ; Lopez-Caniego, M. (ESA, Madrid ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Lubin, P.M. (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Macias-Perez, J.F. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Maggio, G. (Trieste Observ.) ; Maino, D. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Mandolesi, N. (Bologna Observ. ; Ferrara U.) ; Mangilli, A. (Orsay) ; Marinucci, D. (Rome U.) ; Maris, M. (Trieste Observ.) ; Martin, P.G. (Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Martinez-Gonzalez, E. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Masi, S. (Rome U.) ; Matarrese, S. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua ; Gran Sasso) ; McGehee, P. (Caltech) ; Meinhold, P.R. (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Melchiorri, A. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Mendes, L. (ESA, Madrid) ; Mennella, A. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Migliaccio, M. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Mikkelsen, K. (Oslo U.) ; Mitra, S. (Pune U. ; Caltech) ; Miville-Deschenes, M.A. (Orsay ; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Molinari, D. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; Bologna Observ.) ; Moneti, A. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Montier, L. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Morgante, G. (Bologna Observ.) ; Mortlock, D. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Moss, A. (Nottingham U.) ; Munshi, D. (Cardiff U.) ; Murphy, J.A. (NUIM, Maynooth) ; Naselsky, P. (Bohr Inst.) ; Nati, F. (Princeton U.) ; Natoli, P. (Ferrara U. ; INFN, Rome2 ; Bologna Observ.) ; Netterfield, C.B. (Toronto U.) ; Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Noviello, F. (Manchester U.) ; Novikov, D. (Lebedev Inst.) ; Novikov, I. (Bohr Inst. ; Lebedev Inst.) ; Oxborrow, C.A. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Paci, F. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Pagano, L. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Pajot, F. (Orsay) ; Pant, N. (Pune U.) ; Paoletti, D. (Bologna Observ. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Pasian, F. (Trieste Observ.) ; Patanchon, G. (APC, Paris) ; Pearson, T.J. (Caltech) ; Perdereau, O. (Orsay) ; Perotto, L. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Perrotta, F. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Pettorino, V. (Heidelberg U.) ; Piacentini, F. (Rome U.) ; Piat, M. (APC, Paris) ; Pierpaoli, E. (UCLA) ; Pietrobon, D. (Caltech) ; Plaszczynski, S. (Orsay) ; Pointecouteau, E. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Polenta, G. (INFN, Rome2 ; Rome Observ.) ; Popa, L. (Bucharest, Inst. Space Science) ; Pratt, G.W. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Prezeau, G. (Caltech) ; Prunet, S. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Puget, J.L. (Orsay) ; Rachen, J.P. (Nijmegen U. ; Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Rebolo, R. (IAC, La Laguna ; CSIC, Madrid ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Reinecke, M. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Remazeilles, M. (Manchester U. ; Orsay ; APC, Paris) ; Renault, C. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Renzi, A. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Ristorcelli, I. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Rocha, G. (Caltech) ; Rosset, C. (APC, Paris) ; Rossetti, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Rotti, A. (Pune U.) ; Roudier, G. (APC, Paris ; LERMA, Ivry ; Caltech) ; Rubino-Martin, J.A. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Rusholme, B. (Caltech) ; Sandri, M. (Bologna Observ.) ; Santos, D. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Savelainen, M. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Savini, G. (University Coll. London) ; Scott, D. (British Columbia U.) ; Seiffert, M.D. (Caltech) ; Shellard, E.P.S. (Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Souradeep, T. (Pune U.) ; Spencer, L.D. (Cardiff U.) ; Stolyarov, V. (Cambridge U. ; Stavropol, Astrophys. Observ. ; Kazan State U.) ; Stompor, R. (APC, Paris) ; Sudiwala, R. (Cardiff U.) ; Sunyaev, R. (Garching, Max Planck Inst. ; Moscow, Space Res. Inst.) ; Sutton, D. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Suur-Uski, A.S. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Sygnet, J.F. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Tauber, J.A. (ESTEC, Noordwijk) ; Terenzi, L. (Facolta di Ingegneria, Rome ; Bologna Observ.) ; Toffolatti, L. (Oviedo U. ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; Bologna Observ.) ; Tomasi, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Tristram, M. (Orsay) ; Trombetti, T. (Bologna Observ.) ; Tucci, M. (Geneva U.) ; Tuovinen, J. (Trinity Coll., Dublin) ; Valenziano, L. (Bologna Observ.) ; Valiviita, J. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Van Tent, B. (Orsay) ; Vielva, P. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Villa, F. (Bologna Observ.) ; Wade, L.A. (Caltech) ; Wandelt, B.D. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII ; Illinois U., Urbana) ; Wehus, I.K. (Caltech) ; Yvon, D. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Zacchei, A. (Trieste Observ.) ; Zibin, J.P. (British Columbia U.) ; Zonca, A. (UC, Santa Barbara) |
Publication | 2016-09-20 |
Imprint | 23 Jun 2015 |
Number of pages | 62 |
Note | Comments: Paper XVI of the Planck 2015 release. A better quality pdf can be found at the ESA Planck publications web site, http://tinyurl.com/oy5a8b3 Paper XVI of the Planck 2015 release. This is the version accepted by A&A.; An additional section discussing the sensitivity of various anomalies to sky coverage has been included |
In: | Astron. Astrophys. 594 (2016) A16 |
DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/201526681 |
Subject category | Astrophysics and Astronomy |
Abstract | We test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies using observations made by the Planck satellite. Our results are based mainly on the full Planck mission for temperature, but also include some polarization measurements. In particular, we consider the CMB anisotropy maps derived from the multi-frequency Planck data by several component-separation methods. For the temperature anisotropies, we find excellent agreement between results based on these sky maps over both a very large fraction of the sky and a broad range of angular scales, establishing that potential foreground residuals do not affect our studies. Tests of skewness, kurtosis, multi-normality, N-point functions, and Minkowski functionals indicate consistency with Gaussianity, while a power deficit at large angular scales is manifested in several ways, for example low map variance. The results of a peak statistics analysis are consistent with the expectations of a Gaussian random field. The "Cold Spot" is detected with several methods, including map kurtosis, peak statistics, and mean temperature profile. We thoroughly probe the large-scale dipolar power asymmetry, detecting it with several independent tests, and address the subject of a posteriori correction. Tests of directionality suggest the presence of angular clustering from large to small scales, but at a significance that is dependent on the details of the approach. We perform the first examination of polarization data, finding the morphology of stacked peaks to be consistent with the expectations of statistically isotropic simulations. Where they overlap, these results are consistent with the Planck 2013 analysis based on the nominal mission data and provide our most thorough view of the statistics of the CMB fluctuations to date. |
Copyright/License | arXiv nonexclusive-distrib. 1.0 |