CERN Accelerating science

Article
Report number arXiv:1502.05956
Title Planck 2015 results. IX. Diffuse component separation: CMB maps
Author(s)

Adam, R. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Ade, P.A.R. (Cardiff U.) ; Aghanim, N. (Orsay) ; Arnaud, M. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Ashdown, M. (Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U.) ; Aumont, J. (Orsay) ; Baccigalupi, C. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Banday, A.J. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Barreiro, R.B. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Bartlett, J.G. (APC, Paris ; Caltech) ; Bartolo, N. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Basak, S. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Battaner, E. (Granada U.) ; Benabed, K. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Benoit, A. (Neel Lab, Grenoble) ; Benoit-Levy, A. (University Coll. London ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Bernard, J.P. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Bersanelli, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Bielewicz, P. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse ; SISSA, Trieste) ; Bonaldi, A. (Manchester U.) ; Bonavera, L. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Bond, J.R. (Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Borrill, J. (LBL, Berkeley ; UC, Berkeley) ; Bouchet, F.R. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Boulanger, F. (Orsay) ; Bucher, M. (APC, Paris) ; Burigana, C. (Bologna Observ. ; Ferrara U. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Butler, R.C. (Bologna Observ.) ; Calabrese, E. (Oxford U.) ; Cardoso, J.F. (LTCI, Paris ; APC, Paris ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Casaponsa, B. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Castex, G. (APC, Paris) ; Catalano, A. (LPSC, Grenoble ; LERMA, Ivry) ; Challinor, A. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Chamballu, A. (DAPNIA, Saclay ; Orsay) ; Chary, R.R. (Caltech) ; Chiang, H.C. (Princeton U. ; KwaZulu Natal U.) ; Christensen, P.R. (Bohr Inst.) ; Clements, D.L. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Colombi, S. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Colombo, L.P.L. (UCLA ; Caltech) ; Combet, C. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Couchot, F. (Orsay) ; Coulais, A. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Crill, B.P. (Caltech) ; Curto, A. (Cambridge U. ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Cuttaia, F. (Bologna Observ.) ; Danese, L. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Davies, R.D. (Manchester U.) ; Davis, R.J. (Manchester U.) ; de Bernardis, P. (Rome U.) ; de Rosa, A. (Bologna Observ.) ; de Zotti, G. (Padua Observ. ; SISSA, Trieste) ; Delabrouille, J. (APC, Paris) ; Desert, F.X. (Grenoble Observ.) ; Dickinson, C. (Manchester U.) ; Diego, J.M. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Dole, H. (Orsay ; IUF, Paris) ; Donzelli, S. (Brera Observ.) ; Dore, O. (Caltech) ; Douspis, M. (Orsay) ; Ducout, A. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Imperial Coll., London) ; Dupac, X. (ESA, Madrid) ; Efstathiou, G. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.) ; Elsner, F. (University Coll. London ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Ensslin, T.A. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Eriksen, H.K. (Oslo U.) ; Falgarone, E. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Fantaye, Y. (Oslo U.) ; Fergusson, J. (Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Finelli, F. (Bologna Observ. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Forni, O. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Frailis, M. (Trieste Observ.) ; Fraisse, A.A. (Princeton U.) ; Franceschi, E. (Bologna Observ.) ; Frejsel, A. (Bohr Inst.) ; Galeotta, S. (Trieste Observ.) ; Galli, S. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Ganga, K. (APC, Paris) ; Ghosh, T. (Orsay) ; Giard, M. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Giraud-Heraud, Y. (APC, Paris) ; Gjerlow, E. (Oslo U.) ; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; SISSA, Trieste) ; Gorski, K.M. (Caltech ; Warsaw U.) ; Gratton, S. (Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.) ; Gregorio, A. (Trieste U. ; Trieste Observ. ; INFN, Trieste) ; Gruppuso, A. (Bologna Observ.) ; Gudmundsson, J.E. (Princeton U.) ; Hansen, F.K. (Oslo U.) ; Hanson, D. (Rutherford ; Caltech ; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Harrison, D.L. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Helou, G. (Caltech) ; Henrot-Versille, S. (Orsay) ; Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. (CEFCA, Teruel ; Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Herranz, D. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Hildebrandt, S.R. (Caltech) ; Hivon, E. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Hobson, M. (Cambridge U.) ; Holmes, W.A. (Caltech) ; Hornstrup, A. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Hovest, W. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Huffenberger, K.M. (Florida State U.) ; Hurier, G. (Orsay) ; Jaffe, A.H. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Jaffe, T.R. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Jones, W.C. (Princeton U.) ; Juvela, M. (Helsinki U.) ; Keihanen, E. (Helsinki U.) ; Keskitalo, R. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Kisner, T.S. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Kneissl, R. (European Southern Obs., Chile) ; Knoche, J. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Krachmalnicoff, N. (Milan U.) ; Kunz, M. (Geneva U. ; Orsay ; African Inst. Math. Sci., Cape Town) ; Kurki-Suonio, H. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Lagache, G. (Marseille, Lab. Astrophys. ; Orsay) ; Lamarre, J.M. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Lasenby, A. (Cambridge U. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Lattanzi, M. (Ferrara U.) ; Lawrence, C.R. (Caltech) ; Le Jeune, M. (APC, Paris) ; Leonardi, R. (ESA, Madrid) ; Lesgourgues, J. (CERN ; LPHE, Lausanne ; Savoie U.) ; Levrier, F. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Liguori, M. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Lilje, P.B. (Oslo U.) ; Linden-Vornle, M. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Lopez-Caniego, M. (ESA, Madrid ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Lubin, P.M. (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Macias-Perez, J.F. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Maggio, G. (Trieste Observ.) ; Maino, D. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Mandolesi, N. (Bologna Observ. ; Ferrara U.) ; Mangilli, A. (Orsay) ; Marshall, D.J. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Martin, P.G. (Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Martinez-Gonzalez, E. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Masi, S. (Rome U.) ; Matarrese, S. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua ; Gran Sasso) ; Mazzotta, P. (Rome U.) ; McGehee, P. (Caltech) ; Meinhold, P.R. (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Melchiorri, A. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Mendes, L. (ESA, Madrid) ; Mennella, A. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Migliaccio, M. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Mitra, S. (Pune U. ; Caltech) ; Miville-Deschenes, M.A. (Orsay ; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Molinari, D. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; Bologna Observ.) ; Moneti, A. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Montier, L. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Morgante, G. (Bologna Observ.) ; Mortlock, D. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Moss, A. (Nottingham U.) ; Munshi, D. (Cardiff U.) ; Murphy, J.A. (NUIM, Maynooth) ; Naselsky, P. (Bohr Inst.) ; Nati, F. (Princeton U.) ; Natoli, P. (Ferrara U. ; INFN, Rome2 ; Bologna Observ.) ; Netterfield, C.B. (Toronto U.) ; Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Noviello, F. (Manchester U.) ; Novikov, D. (Lebedev Inst.) ; Novikov, I. (Bohr Inst. ; Lebedev Inst.) ; Oxborrow, C.A. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Paci, F. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Pagano, L. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Pajot, F. (Orsay) ; Paladini, R. (Caltech) ; Paoletti, D. (Bologna Observ. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Pasian, F. (Trieste Observ.) ; Patanchon, G. (APC, Paris) ; Pearson, T.J. (Caltech) ; Perdereau, O. (Orsay) ; Perotto, L. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Perrotta, F. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Pettorino, V. (Heidelberg U.) ; Piacentini, F. (Rome U.) ; Piat, M. (APC, Paris) ; Pierpaoli, E. (UCLA) ; Pietrobon, D. (Caltech) ; Plaszczynski, S. (Orsay) ; Pointecouteau, E. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Polenta, G. (INFN, Rome2 ; Rome Observ.) ; Pratt, G.W. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Prezeau, G. (Caltech) ; Prunet, S. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Puget, J.L. (Orsay) ; Rachen, J.P. (Nijmegen U. ; Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Racine, B. (APC, Paris) ; Reach, W.T. (Universities Space Research Assoc.) ; Rebolo, R. (IAC, La Laguna ; CSIC, Madrid ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Reinecke, M. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Remazeilles, M. (Manchester U. ; Orsay ; APC, Paris) ; Renault, C. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Renzi, A. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Ristorcelli, I. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Rocha, G. (Caltech) ; Rosset, C. (APC, Paris) ; Rossetti, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Roudier, G. (APC, Paris ; LERMA, Ivry ; Caltech) ; Rubino-Martin, J.A. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Rusholme, B. (Caltech) ; Sandri, M. (Bologna Observ.) ; Santos, D. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Savelainen, M. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Savini, G. (University Coll. London) ; Scott, D. (British Columbia U.) ; Seiffert, M.D. (Caltech) ; Shellard, E.P.S. (Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Spencer, L.D. (Cardiff U.) ; Stolyarov, V. (Cambridge U. ; Cambridge U., KICC ; Stavropol, Astrophys. Observ.) ; Stompor, R. (APC, Paris) ; Sudiwala, R. (Cardiff U.) ; Sunyaev, R. (Garching, Max Planck Inst. ; Moscow, Space Res. Inst.) ; Sutton, D. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Suur-Uski, A.S. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Sygnet, J.F. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Tauber, J.A. (ESTEC, Noordwijk) ; Terenzi, L. (Facolta di Ingegneria, Rome ; Bologna Observ.) ; Toffolatti, L. (Oviedo U. ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; Bologna Observ.) ; Tomasi, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Tristram, M. (Orsay) ; Trombetti, T. (Bologna Observ.) ; Tucci, M. (Geneva U.) ; Tuovinen, J. (Trinity Coll., Dublin) ; Valenziano, L. (Bologna Observ.) ; Valiviita, J. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Van Tent, B. (Orsay) ; Vielva, P. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Villa, F. (Bologna Observ.) ; Wade, L.A. (Caltech) ; Wandelt, B.D. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII ; Illinois U., Urbana) ; Wehus, I.K. (Caltech) ; Yvon, D. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Zacchei, A. (Trieste Observ.) ; Zonca, A. (UC, Santa Barbara)

Publication 2016-09-20
Imprint 20 Feb 2015
Number of pages 42
Note Comments: 42 pages, 36 figures. Submitted to A&A
42 pages, 36 figures. Submitted to A&A
In: Astron. Astrophys. 594 (2016) A9
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/201525936
Subject category Astrophysics and Astronomy
Abstract We present foreground-reduced CMB maps derived from the full Planck data set in both temperature and polarization. Compared to the corresponding Planck 2013 temperature sky maps, the total data volume is larger by a factor of 3.2 for frequencies between 30 and 70 GHz, and by 1.9 for frequencies between 100 and 857 GHz. In addition, systematic errors in the forms of temperature-to-polarization leakage, analogue-to-digital conversion uncertainties, and very long time constant errors have been dramatically reduced, to the extent that the cosmological polarization signal may now be robustly recovered on angular scales $\ell\gtrsim40$. On the very largest scales, instrumental systematic residuals are still non-negligible compared to the expected cosmological signal, and modes with $\ell < 20$ are accordingly suppressed in the current polarization maps by high-pass filtering. As in 2013, four different CMB component separation algorithms are applied to these observations, providing a measure of stability with respect to algorithmic and modelling choices. The resulting polarization maps have rms instrumental noise ranging between 0.21 and 0.27$\,\mu\textrm{K}$ averaged over 55 arcmin pixels, and between 4.5 and 6.1$\,\mu\textrm{K}$ averaged over 3.4 arcmin pixels. The cosmological parameters derived from the analysis of temperature power spectra are in agreement at the $1\sigma$ level with the Planck 2015 likelihood. Unresolved mismatches between the noise properties of the data and simulations prevent a satisfactory description of the higher-order statistical properties of the polarization maps. Thus, the primary applications of these polarization maps are those that do not require massive simulations for accurate estimation of uncertainties, for instance estimation of cross-spectra and cross-correlations, or stacking analyses.
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