001407122 001__ 1407122
001407122 003__ SzGeCERN
001407122 005__ 20220331225912.0
001407122 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-1985-2
001407122 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:1407122$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN
001407122 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:1112.2999
001407122 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1081111
001407122 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:1112.2999$$chep-ph
001407122 041__ $$aeng
001407122 100__ $$aDe Roeck, A.$$uCERN$$uAntwerp U.$$uUC, Davis
001407122 245__ $$aExotic highly ionising particles at the LHC
001407122 246__ $$aExotic highly ionising particles at the LHC
001407122 269__ $$c14 Dec 2011
001407122 260__ $$c2012-04-24
001407122 300__ $$a18 p
001407122 500__ $$aComments: 18 pages, 48 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C
001407122 500__ $$9arXiv$$a20 pages, 52 figures
001407122 520__ $$aThe experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are able to discover or set limits on the production of exotic particles with TeV-scale masses possessing values of electric and/or magnetic charge such that they appear as highly ionising particles (HIPs). In this paper the sensitivity of the LHC experiments to HIP production is discussed in detail. It is shown that a number of different detection methods are required to investigate as fully as possible the charge-mass range. These include direct detection as the HIPs pass through detectors and, in the case of magnetically charged objects, the so-called induction method with which monopoles which stop in accelerator and detector material could be observed. The benefit of using complementary approaches to HIP detection is discussed.
001407122 520__ $$9arXiv$$aThe experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are able to discover or set limits on the production of exotic particles with TeV-scale masses possessing values of electric and/or magnetic charge such that they behave as highly ionising particles (HIPs). In this paper the sensitivity of the LHC experiments to HIP production is discussed in detail. It is shown that a number of different detection methods are required to investigate as fully as possible the charge-mass range. These include direct detection as the HIPs pass through either passive or active detectors and, in the case of magnetically charged objects, the so-called induction method with which magnetic monopoles which stop in accelerator and detector material could be observed. The benefit of using complementary approaches to HIP detection is discussed.
001407122 595__ $$aLANL EDS
001407122 65017 $$2arXiv$$aParticle Physics - Phenomenology
001407122 693__ $$aCERN LHC
001407122 695__ $$9LANL EDS$$ahep-ph
001407122 690C_ $$aARTICLE
001407122 690C_ $$aCERN
001407122 700__ $$aKatre, A.$$uGeneva U.
001407122 700__ $$aMermod, P.$$uGeneva U.$$uOxford U.
001407122 700__ $$aMilstead, D.$$uStockholm U.
001407122 700__ $$aSloan, T.$$uLancaster U.
001407122 773__ $$c1985$$pEur. Phys. J. C$$v72$$y2012
001407122 8564_ $$uhttp://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.2999.pdf$$yPreprint
001407122 8564_ $$82360297$$s1553724$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/arXiv:1112.2999.pdf
001407122 8564_ $$82360292$$s20667$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_xsec_drellyan7TeV.png$$y00048 HIP pair production cross sections for obtaining 10 events with at least one HIP inside the detector acceptance, as a function of HIP electric (top) and magnetic (bottom) charge, assuming $m=1000$ GeV and a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV (left) and 14 TeV (right) $pp$ collisions. Integrated luminosities are from Table~\ref{tab:lumi}, corresponding to the full expected dataset at the end of the 2012 runs or about two years of 14 TeV runs. Cross section limits from ATLAS~\cite{QballATLAS10} are also indicated as triangles in the top left plot.
001407122 8564_ $$82360293$$s60188$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_range_ALICE_eta0_m1000_mono_level201.png$$y00009 Two-dimensional histograms showing the range in meters (with scale indicated by the stripes on the right of the plots) as a function of HIP initial kinetic energy (horizontal axis) and charge (vertical axis), for HIPs with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta\sim 0$, for electric (left) and magnetic (expressed in units of $g_D=68.5$, right) charges. The area for which the early ATLAS search is sensitive, corresponding to particles stopping in EM2, is indicated by a white line on the top left plot, using the $|q_e|$ and $E_{kin}$ ranges quoted in Ref.~\cite{QballATLAS10}.
001407122 8564_ $$82360294$$s40493$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_ele_eta0.png$$y00010 Minimum initial kinetic energies required for HIPs to reach the sensitive parts of the detectors (front of the EM calorimeters for ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, end of TPC for ALICE, plastic sheets for MoEDAL), as functions of electric charge (left) and magnetic charge (right). The curves correspond to ATLAS (solid lines), CMS (dashed lines), MoEDAL (dashed dotted lines), ALICE (dotted lines in the top plot), and LHCb (dotted lines in the bottom plot), for 1000 GeV (red) and 2000 GeV (green) masses, at angles corresponding to $\eta\sim 0$ (top), $\eta\sim 1.4$ (middle) and $\eta\sim 2.0$ (bottom).
001407122 8564_ $$82360295$$s39851$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_CMS_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00031 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360296$$s9563$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig00000.png$$y00000 noimg: Typical depth $d$ (from the interaction point to the exit of the detector) and thickness d$x$ (in g$\cdot$cm$^{-2}$) for components of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors, in pseudorapidity ranges for which they have near 100\% geometrical acceptance. The values are obtained from Refs.~\cite{ATLAS08,CMS08,LHCb08,ALICE08}.: Typical geometrical acceptance and thickness d$x$ of materials in front of the MoEDAL detectors for various pseudorapidity ranges. The values are obtained from Refs.~\cite{Moedal,VHCC}.: Average and integrated luminosities at the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE interaction points corresponding to what can roughly be expected from 7-8 TeV $pp$ collisions by the end of 2012~\cite{lumiplans2012}.
001407122 8564_ $$82360298$$s63133$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_range_CMS_eta0_m1000_mono_level201.png$$y00007 Two-dimensional histograms showing the range in meters (with scale indicated by the stripes on the right of the plots) as a function of HIP initial kinetic energy (horizontal axis) and charge (vertical axis), for HIPs with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta\sim 0$, for electric (left) and magnetic (expressed in units of $g_D=68.5$, right) charges. The area for which the early ATLAS search is sensitive, corresponding to particles stopping in EM2, is indicated by a white line on the top left plot, using the $|q_e|$ and $E_{kin}$ ranges quoted in Ref.~\cite{QballATLAS10}.
001407122 8564_ $$82360299$$s25857$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_pipe.png$$y00040 Acceptance as a function of mass and charge, for magnetic monopoles (top) and dyons with electric charge $z=100$ (bottom), stopping in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The right plots show the low-$g$ region with high statistics per bin (note that the acceptance scales are different). The relative binwise systematic uncertainty in the acceptance $a$ is 15\% in all plots. The relative binwise uncertainty from statistics is $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the left plots and $(50000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the right plots.
001407122 8564_ $$82360300$$s19815$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_zoomed_pipe_dyon100.png$$y00043 Acceptance as a function of mass and charge, for magnetic monopoles (top) and dyons with electric charge $z=100$ (bottom), stopping in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The right plots show the low-$g$ region with high statistics per bin (note that the acceptance scales are different). The relative binwise systematic uncertainty in the acceptance $a$ is 15\% in all plots. The relative binwise uncertainty from statistics is $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the left plots and $(50000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the right plots.
001407122 8564_ $$82360301$$s85214$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_range_ATLAS_eta0_m1000_level201.png$$y00004 Two-dimensional histograms showing the range in meters (with scale indicated by the stripes on the right of the plots) as a function of HIP initial kinetic energy (horizontal axis) and charge (vertical axis), for HIPs with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta\sim 0$, for electric (left) and magnetic (expressed in units of $g_D=68.5$, right) charges. The area for which the early ATLAS search is sensitive, corresponding to particles stopping in EM2, is indicated by a white line on the top left plot, using the $|q_e|$ and $E_{kin}$ ranges quoted in Ref.~\cite{QballATLAS10}.
001407122 8564_ $$82360302$$s26896$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_LHCb_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00033 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360303$$s21401$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_DrellYan_Ekin.png$$y00017 Drell-Yan (solid lines) and isotropic (dashed lines) pair production kinematics for $pp$ collisions at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy. Distributions of absolute value of pseudorapidity (top, left), kinetic energy (top, right) and velocity (bottom, left) are shown for 200 (black), 1000 (red) and 2000 (green) GeV masses. A scatter plot of kinetic energy versus pseudorapidity is shown for the 1000 GeV case for Drell-Yan (bottom, right). These distributions are based on 50000 generated events.
001407122 8564_ $$82360304$$s24706$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_ATLAS_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00021 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360305$$s98566$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_pipe_dyons.png$$y00039 Energy below which magnetically charged particles stop in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, as a function of pseudorapidity for various magnetic charges and masses (left) and as a function of magnetic and electric charge for dyons with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta=0$ (right).
001407122 8564_ $$82360306$$s23076$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_zoomed_pipe.png$$y00045 Acceptance as a function of HIP mass and charge, for magnetic monopoles stopping in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions, using the same pipe thickness as for 7 TeV collisions. The right plot shows the low-$g$ region with high statistics per bin (note that the acceptance scale is different). The relative binwise systematic uncertainty in the acceptance $a$ is 15\% in both plots. The relative binwise uncertainty from statistics is $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the left plot and $(50000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the right plot.
001407122 8564_ $$82360307$$s21372$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_LHCb_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00025 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360308$$s19896$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_acc0_05_mono_all_smooth.png$$y00046 Contours corresponding to 5\% acceptance in various detectors, as functions of monopole mass and charge, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV (left) and 14 TeV (right) $pp$ collisions. The analysis of ATLAS or CMS beam pipe material with the induction technique (dashed line) is sensitive to charges above the curve (particles with high charges stop in the beam pipe), while all other detectors are sensitive to charges below the corresponding curves (particles with high charges stop before they can reach the detectors).
001407122 8564_ $$82360309$$s21666$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_xsec_drellyan14TeV.png$$y00049 HIP pair production cross sections for obtaining 10 events with at least one HIP inside the detector acceptance, as a function of HIP electric (top) and magnetic (bottom) charge, assuming $m=1000$ GeV and a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV (left) and 14 TeV (right) $pp$ collisions. Integrated luminosities are from Table~\ref{tab:lumi}, corresponding to the full expected dataset at the end of the 2012 runs or about two years of 14 TeV runs. Cross section limits from ATLAS~\cite{QballATLAS10} are also indicated as triangles in the top left plot.
001407122 8564_ $$82360310$$s24068$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_ALICE_level201_1000events.png$$y00026 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360311$$s21549$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_DrellYan_eta.png$$y00016 Drell-Yan (solid lines) and isotropic (dashed lines) pair production kinematics for $pp$ collisions at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy. Distributions of absolute value of pseudorapidity (top, left), kinetic energy (top, right) and velocity (bottom, left) are shown for 200 (black), 1000 (red) and 2000 (green) GeV masses. A scatter plot of kinetic energy versus pseudorapidity is shown for the 1000 GeV case for Drell-Yan (bottom, right). These distributions are based on 50000 generated events.
001407122 8564_ $$82360312$$s36179$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_ele_eta2_0.png$$y00014 Minimum initial kinetic energies required for HIPs to reach the sensitive parts of the detectors (front of the EM calorimeters for ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, end of TPC for ALICE, plastic sheets for MoEDAL), as functions of electric charge (left) and magnetic charge (right). The curves correspond to ATLAS (solid lines), CMS (dashed lines), MoEDAL (dashed dotted lines), ALICE (dotted lines in the top plot), and LHCb (dotted lines in the bottom plot), for 1000 GeV (red) and 2000 GeV (green) masses, at angles corresponding to $\eta\sim 0$ (top), $\eta\sim 1.4$ (middle) and $\eta\sim 2.0$ (bottom).
001407122 8564_ $$82360313$$s20503$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_zoomed_pipe.png$$y00041 Acceptance as a function of mass and charge, for magnetic monopoles (top) and dyons with electric charge $z=100$ (bottom), stopping in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The right plots show the low-$g$ region with high statistics per bin (note that the acceptance scales are different). The relative binwise systematic uncertainty in the acceptance $a$ is 15\% in all plots. The relative binwise uncertainty from statistics is $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the left plots and $(50000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the right plots.
001407122 8564_ $$82360314$$s31362$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_ALICE_level201_1000events.png$$y00034 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360315$$s22662$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_xsec_drellyan7TeV_mono.png$$y00050 HIP pair production cross sections for obtaining 10 events with at least one HIP inside the detector acceptance, as a function of HIP electric (top) and magnetic (bottom) charge, assuming $m=1000$ GeV and a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV (left) and 14 TeV (right) $pp$ collisions. Integrated luminosities are from Table~\ref{tab:lumi}, corresponding to the full expected dataset at the end of the 2012 runs or about two years of 14 TeV runs. Cross section limits from ATLAS~\cite{QballATLAS10} are also indicated as triangles in the top left plot.
001407122 8564_ $$82360316$$s40490$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_MoEDAL_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00037 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the MoEDAL detector, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. The two regions of high acceptance observed in these plots correspond to the two different track-etch modules to be used in MoEDAL: one is most sensitive to low charges and high mass, while the other (the VHCC) is sensitive to high charges. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360317$$s22251$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_ATLAS_level201_1000events.png$$y00020 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360318$$s28419$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_ALICE_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00027 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360319$$s77735$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_range_CMS_eta0_m1000_level201.png$$y00006 Two-dimensional histograms showing the range in meters (with scale indicated by the stripes on the right of the plots) as a function of HIP initial kinetic energy (horizontal axis) and charge (vertical axis), for HIPs with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta\sim 0$, for electric (left) and magnetic (expressed in units of $g_D=68.5$, right) charges. The area for which the early ATLAS search is sensitive, corresponding to particles stopping in EM2, is indicated by a white line on the top left plot, using the $|q_e|$ and $E_{kin}$ ranges quoted in Ref.~\cite{QballATLAS10}.
001407122 8564_ $$82360320$$s32730$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_pipe.png$$y00044 Acceptance as a function of HIP mass and charge, for magnetic monopoles stopping in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions, using the same pipe thickness as for 7 TeV collisions. The right plot shows the low-$g$ region with high statistics per bin (note that the acceptance scale is different). The relative binwise systematic uncertainty in the acceptance $a$ is 15\% in both plots. The relative binwise uncertainty from statistics is $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the left plot and $(50000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the right plot.
001407122 8564_ $$82360321$$s27573$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_CMS_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00023 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360322$$s26873$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_bending_g1.png$$y00002 The approximate trajectory of a $m=1000$ GeV monopole assuming a uniform solenoid magnetic field in the ALICE ($B=0.5$~T), ATLAS ($B=2.0$~T) and CMS ($B=3.8$~T) detectors at $\eta=0$, for $|g|=g_D$ (left) and $|g|=2g_D$ (right), and corresponding to initial kinetic energies for punching through the inner detector: $E_{kin}=100$~GeV (left) and $E_{kin}=500$~GeV (right).
001407122 8564_ $$82360323$$s26085$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_bending_g2.png$$y00003 The approximate trajectory of a $m=1000$ GeV monopole assuming a uniform solenoid magnetic field in the ALICE ($B=0.5$~T), ATLAS ($B=2.0$~T) and CMS ($B=3.8$~T) detectors at $\eta=0$, for $|g|=g_D$ (left) and $|g|=2g_D$ (right), and corresponding to initial kinetic energies for punching through the inner detector: $E_{kin}=100$~GeV (left) and $E_{kin}=500$~GeV (right).
001407122 8564_ $$82360324$$s26699$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_pipe_dyon100.png$$y00042 Acceptance as a function of mass and charge, for magnetic monopoles (top) and dyons with electric charge $z=100$ (bottom), stopping in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The right plots show the low-$g$ region with high statistics per bin (note that the acceptance scales are different). The relative binwise systematic uncertainty in the acceptance $a$ is 15\% in all plots. The relative binwise uncertainty from statistics is $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the left plots and $(50000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ for the right plots.
001407122 8564_ $$82360325$$s32852$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_ele_eta1_4.png$$y00012 Minimum initial kinetic energies required for HIPs to reach the sensitive parts of the detectors (front of the EM calorimeters for ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, end of TPC for ALICE, plastic sheets for MoEDAL), as functions of electric charge (left) and magnetic charge (right). The curves correspond to ATLAS (solid lines), CMS (dashed lines), MoEDAL (dashed dotted lines), ALICE (dotted lines in the top plot), and LHCb (dotted lines in the bottom plot), for 1000 GeV (red) and 2000 GeV (green) masses, at angles corresponding to $\eta\sim 0$ (top), $\eta\sim 1.4$ (middle) and $\eta\sim 2.0$ (bottom).
001407122 8564_ $$82360326$$s28626$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_ATLAS_level201_1000events.png$$y00028 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360327$$s33798$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_MoEDAL_level201_1000events.png$$y00036 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the MoEDAL detector, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. The two regions of high acceptance observed in these plots correspond to the two different track-etch modules to be used in MoEDAL: one is most sensitive to low charges and high mass, while the other (the VHCC) is sensitive to high charges. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360328$$s72507$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_range_ALICE_eta0_m1000_level201.png$$y00008 Two-dimensional histograms showing the range in meters (with scale indicated by the stripes on the right of the plots) as a function of HIP initial kinetic energy (horizontal axis) and charge (vertical axis), for HIPs with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta\sim 0$, for electric (left) and magnetic (expressed in units of $g_D=68.5$, right) charges. The area for which the early ATLAS search is sensitive, corresponding to particles stopping in EM2, is indicated by a white line on the top left plot, using the $|q_e|$ and $E_{kin}$ ranges quoted in Ref.~\cite{QballATLAS10}.
001407122 8564_ $$82360329$$s25707$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_LHCb_level201_1000events.png$$y00032 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360330$$s40808$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_ALICE_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00035 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360331$$s20161$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_dEdx_magnetic.png$$y00001 Calculated ionisation energy loss d$E$/d$x$ as a function of velocity $\beta$ for HIPs possessing electric charge (with $|z|=68.5$, left) and magnetic charge (with $|g|=g_D$, right) in various materials. Equations~\ref{Bethe} and~\ref{Bethe_mag} were used. Varying the correction factors by $\pm 2$ inside the brackets of the equations yields a relative uncertainty of 15\% in the energy loss.
001407122 8564_ $$82360332$$s40199$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_mag_eta2_0.png$$y00015 Minimum initial kinetic energies required for HIPs to reach the sensitive parts of the detectors (front of the EM calorimeters for ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, end of TPC for ALICE, plastic sheets for MoEDAL), as functions of electric charge (left) and magnetic charge (right). The curves correspond to ATLAS (solid lines), CMS (dashed lines), MoEDAL (dashed dotted lines), ALICE (dotted lines in the top plot), and LHCb (dotted lines in the bottom plot), for 1000 GeV (red) and 2000 GeV (green) masses, at angles corresponding to $\eta\sim 0$ (top), $\eta\sim 1.4$ (middle) and $\eta\sim 2.0$ (bottom).
001407122 8564_ $$82360333$$s30437$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_CMS_level201_1000events.png$$y00030 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360334$$s35843$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_mag_eta0.png$$y00011 Minimum initial kinetic energies required for HIPs to reach the sensitive parts of the detectors (front of the EM calorimeters for ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, end of TPC for ALICE, plastic sheets for MoEDAL), as functions of electric charge (left) and magnetic charge (right). The curves correspond to ATLAS (solid lines), CMS (dashed lines), MoEDAL (dashed dotted lines), ALICE (dotted lines in the top plot), and LHCb (dotted lines in the bottom plot), for 1000 GeV (red) and 2000 GeV (green) masses, at angles corresponding to $\eta\sim 0$ (top), $\eta\sim 1.4$ (middle) and $\eta\sim 2.0$ (bottom).
001407122 8564_ $$82360335$$s22065$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_DrellYan_beta.png$$y00018 Drell-Yan (solid lines) and isotropic (dashed lines) pair production kinematics for $pp$ collisions at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy. Distributions of absolute value of pseudorapidity (top, left), kinetic energy (top, right) and velocity (bottom, left) are shown for 200 (black), 1000 (red) and 2000 (green) GeV masses. A scatter plot of kinetic energy versus pseudorapidity is shown for the 1000 GeV case for Drell-Yan (bottom, right). These distributions are based on 50000 generated events.
001407122 8564_ $$82360336$$s23139$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_CMS_level201_1000events.png$$y00022 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360337$$s29524$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_acc0_05_mono_all_smooth.png$$y00047 Contours corresponding to 5\% acceptance in various detectors, as functions of monopole mass and charge, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV (left) and 14 TeV (right) $pp$ collisions. The analysis of ATLAS or CMS beam pipe material with the induction technique (dashed line) is sensitive to charges above the curve (particles with high charges stop in the beam pipe), while all other detectors are sensitive to charges below the corresponding curves (particles with high charges stop before they can reach the detectors).
001407122 8564_ $$82360338$$s34245$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_pipe.png$$y00038 Energy below which magnetically charged particles stop in the ATLAS or CMS beam pipe, as a function of pseudorapidity for various magnetic charges and masses (left) and as a function of magnetic and electric charge for dyons with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta=0$ (right).
001407122 8564_ $$82360339$$s74647$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_range_ATLAS_eta0_m1000_mono_level201.png$$y00005 Two-dimensional histograms showing the range in meters (with scale indicated by the stripes on the right of the plots) as a function of HIP initial kinetic energy (horizontal axis) and charge (vertical axis), for HIPs with $m=1000$ GeV at $\eta\sim 0$, for electric (left) and magnetic (expressed in units of $g_D=68.5$, right) charges. The area for which the early ATLAS search is sensitive, corresponding to particles stopping in EM2, is indicated by a white line on the top left plot, using the $|q_e|$ and $E_{kin}$ ranges quoted in Ref.~\cite{QballATLAS10}.
001407122 8564_ $$82360340$$s33176$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan14TeV_ATLAS_mono_level201_1000events.png$$y00029 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 14 TeV $pp$ collisions. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360341$$s20251$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_acceptance_drellyan7TeV_LHCb_level201_1000events.png$$y00024 Acceptances as functions of HIP mass and charge, for electric (left) and magnetic (right) charges, for the ATLAS (top), CMS (middle, top), LHCb (middle, bottom) and ALICE (bottom) detectors, assuming a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV $pp$ collisions. The area for which limits were set in the ATLAS search~\cite{QballATLAS10} is indicated by a white line in the top left plot. Note that the vertical axis scale is different for ALICE. The relative binwise uncertainties in the acceptance $a$ are 15\% (systematics) and $(1000\cdot a)^{-1/2}$ (statistics).
001407122 8564_ $$82360342$$s33544$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_thresh_mag_eta1_4.png$$y00013 Minimum initial kinetic energies required for HIPs to reach the sensitive parts of the detectors (front of the EM calorimeters for ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, end of TPC for ALICE, plastic sheets for MoEDAL), as functions of electric charge (left) and magnetic charge (right). The curves correspond to ATLAS (solid lines), CMS (dashed lines), MoEDAL (dashed dotted lines), ALICE (dotted lines in the top plot), and LHCb (dotted lines in the bottom plot), for 1000 GeV (red) and 2000 GeV (green) masses, at angles corresponding to $\eta\sim 0$ (top), $\eta\sim 1.4$ (middle) and $\eta\sim 2.0$ (bottom).
001407122 8564_ $$82360343$$s30841$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_DrellYan_Ekineta.png$$y00019 Drell-Yan (solid lines) and isotropic (dashed lines) pair production kinematics for $pp$ collisions at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy. Distributions of absolute value of pseudorapidity (top, left), kinetic energy (top, right) and velocity (bottom, left) are shown for 200 (black), 1000 (red) and 2000 (green) GeV masses. A scatter plot of kinetic energy versus pseudorapidity is shown for the 1000 GeV case for Drell-Yan (bottom, right). These distributions are based on 50000 generated events.
001407122 8564_ $$82360344$$s25162$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1407122/files/fig_xsec_drellyan14TeV_mono.png$$y00051 HIP pair production cross sections for obtaining 10 events with at least one HIP inside the detector acceptance, as a function of HIP electric (top) and magnetic (bottom) charge, assuming $m=1000$ GeV and a Drell-Yan pair production mechanism with 7 TeV (left) and 14 TeV (right) $pp$ collisions. Integrated luminosities are from Table~\ref{tab:lumi}, corresponding to the full expected dataset at the end of the 2012 runs or about two years of 14 TeV runs. Cross section limits from ATLAS~\cite{QballATLAS10} are also indicated as triangles in the top left plot.
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