Hilingon an source kan Imperyong Romano

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Roman Empire
| common_name            = Roman Empire
| native_name            = {{unbulleted list |item3_style=font-size:80%;padding-top:0.15em;line-height:1.15em
 | {{native phrase|la|[[SPQR|Senatus Populusque Romanus]]}}
 | {{native phrase|la|Imperium Romanum{{efn|name=fnother}}}}
 | {{native phrase|grc|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων|italics=off}}<br/>{{nobold|{{transliteration|grc|Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn}}}}
}}
| status                 = Empire
| life_span              = {{line-height|1.3em|{{nowrap|27 BC–AD 395 {{nobold|(unified)}}}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morley |first=Neville |title=The Roman Empire: Roots of Imperialism |date=2010 |publisher=Pluto Press |isbn=978-0-7453-2870-6}}; {{Cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed|edition= Revised  |date=2011 |isbn=978-1-101-50200-6 |page=13 |publisher=Penguin |author-link=Jared Diamond}}</ref><br/>{{nowrap|AD 395–476/480 {{nobold|([[Western Roman Empire|Western]])}}}}<br/>{{nowrap|AD 395–1453}} {{nobold|([[Byzantine Empire|Eastern]])}}}}
| p1                     = Roman Republic
| s1                     = Western Roman Empire
| s2                     = Byzantine Empire{{!}}Eastern Roman Empire
| image_flag             = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg
| flag_border            = no
| flag_size              = 100px
| flag_type              = ''[[Vexillum]]''<br/>with the imperial ''[[Aquila (Roman)|aquila]]''
| image_coat             = Better Imperial Aquila.png
| coa_size               = 100 px
| symbol_type            = Imperial [[Aquila (Roman)|''aquila'']]
| image_map              = Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png
| image_map_caption      = {{legend|#b23938|Roman Empire in AD 117 at its greatest extent, at the time of [[Trajan]]'s death}} {{legend|#d28989|[[Vassal state]]s{{Sfnp|Bennett|1997}}{{Efn|Fig. 1. Regions east of the [[Euphrates]] river were held only in the years 116–117.}}}}
| image_map2             = Animated map of the Roman territorial evolution from the rise of the city-state of Rome to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.gif
| map_caption2           = Roman territorial evolution from the rise of the city-state of Rome to the fall of the Western Roman Empire
| capital                = {{plainlist}}
* [[Rome]]<br/>(27 BC–AD 330){{Efn|In 286, Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into two administrative units–[[Eastern Roman Empire|East]] and [[Western Roman Empire|West]]–an arrangement that periodically returned until the two halves were permanently divided in 395.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrKTEAAAQBAJ |title=Ancient Rome: The Definitive Visual History |date=2023 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited |isbn=978-0-241-63575-9 |page=276 |language=en}}</ref> Although the halves were independent in practice, the Romans continued to consider the Roman Empire to be a single undivided state with two co-equal emperors until the fall of the western half in 476/480.<ref name=":1" /> Although emperors at times governed from other cities (notably [[Mediolanum]] and [[Ravenna]] in the West and [[Nicomedia]] in the East), Rome remained the ''[[de jure]]'' capital of the entire Roman Empire until Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] transferred the capital to Constantinople ("New Rome") in 330, henceforth the new capital of the entire empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Classen |first=Albrecht |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez_edSWAQGAC |title=Handbook of Medieval Studies: Terms – Methods – Trends |date=2010 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-021558-8 |language=en |chapter=The changing shape of Europe |quote=Constantine the Great transferred the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the newly-founded city of Constantinople}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Price |first1=Jonathan J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4lmEAAAQBAJ |title=Rome: An Empire of Many Nations |last2=Finkelberg |first2=Margalit |last3=Shahar |first3=Yuval |date=2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-25622-3 |page=19 |language=en |quote=the capital of the Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in the fourth century}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erdkamp |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaM0AAAAQBAJ |title=The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89629-0 |page=202 |language=en |quote=Constantine sounded the death knell for Rome as a vital political centre with the dedication of his new imperial capital at Constantinople}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bjornlie |first=M. Shane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VI3ebybOl0oC |title=Politics and Tradition Between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople: A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554 |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-02840-1 |page=41 |language=en |quote=As a new capital, Constantinople provided a stage for imperial prestige that did not depend on association with the traditions of the senatorial establishment at Rome}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coffler |first=Gail H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_GoZpiIpAEC |title=Melville's Allusions to Religion: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary |date=2004 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-07270-3 |page=181 |language=en |quote=It became Constantinople, capital of the entire Roman Empire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Kathleen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0uoDQAAQBAJ |title=Between Constantinople and Rome: An Illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book (Paris gr. 54) and the Union of Churches |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-95584-3 |language=en |chapter=Art and Diplomacy in Late Thirteenth-century Constantinople: Paris 54 and the Union of Churches |quote=Constantine the Great, the emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople}}</ref> For a time, mostly over the course of the later decades of the fourth century, Rome continued to hold greater symbolic status on account of its greater antiquity as imperial capital.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Grig |first1=Lucy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHlpAgAAQBAJ |title=Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity |last2=Kelly |first2=Gavin |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-992118-8 |page=237 |language=en}}</ref> From at least 361 onwards, senators belonging to the [[Byzantine senate|new senate]] in Constantinople enjoyed the same status and privileges as senators of the [[Roman Senate]], to which the new senate was largely identical.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Loewenstein |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uMRBwAAQBAJ |title=The Governance of ROME |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-010-2400-6 |page=443 |language=en}}</ref> By 450, Constantinople was much grander in size and adornment than Rome and unquestionably senior in status.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Jonathan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTjUAwAAQBAJ |title=Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium |date=2009 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-3086-1 |page=31 |language=en}}</ref>}}
* [[Constantinople]]<br/>(330–1453)<!--De jure capital of the entire empire (not just the east), see the note above-->{{Efn|In 1204, the crusaders of the [[Fourth Crusade]] captured Constantinople and established the [[Latin Empire]]. The city remained under foreign rule until 1261, when it was captured by the [[Empire of Nicaea]] (a Byzantine/Roman successor state). Nicaea is usually considered the "legitimate" continuation of the Roman Empire during the "interregnum" 1204–1261 (over its rivals in [[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]] and [[Empire of Thessalonica|Thessalonica]]) since it managed to retake Constantinople.{{Sfnp|Treadgold|1997|page=734}} Whether there was an interregnum at all is debatable given that the crusaders envisioned the Latin Empire to be the same empire as its predecessor (and not a new state).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tricht |first=Filip Van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JlnPm2riK1UC&q=imperator+constantinopolitanus&pg=PA68 |title=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228) |date=2011 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004203235 |pages=61–82 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Endplainlist}}
| common_languages       = {{plainlist}}
* [[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Languages of the Roman Empire|Regional languages]]
| religion               = {{plainlist}}
* [[Roman imperial cult|Imperial cult]]-driven [[Religion in ancient Rome|polytheism]]<br/>(until AD 380)
* [[Nicene Christianity]]<br/>([[State church of the Roman Empire|officially]] from AD 380)
{{Endplainlist}}
| government_type        = [[Elective monarchy|Semi-elective absolute monarchy]] (''de facto'')
|leader_title1         = '''[[Roman emperor#Titles|Emperor]]'''
|leader_name1       =([[List of Roman emperors|List]])
| era                    = [[Classical era]] to [[Late Middle Ages]]<br/>([[Timeline of Roman history|Timeline]])
| stat_year1             = 25 BC
| stat_area1             = 2750000
| stat_pop1              = 56,800,000
| stat_year2             = AD 117
| stat_area2             = 5000000
| stat_pop2              = 
| stat_year3             = AD 390
| stat_area3             = 3400000
| stat_pop3              = 
| currency               = [[Sestertius]],{{Efn|Abbreviated "HS". Prices and values are usually expressed in sesterces.}} [[aureus]], [[Solidus (coin)|solidus]], [[Solidus (coin)|nomisma]]
| demonym                = [[Roman people|Roman]]
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
| ref_area1              = <ref name="size">{{Cite journal |last=Taagepera |first=Rein |author-link=Rein Taagepera |date=1979 |title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D |journal=Social Science History |volume=3 |issue=3/4 |doi=10.2307/1170959 |page=125|jstor=1170959 }}</ref>
| ref_area2              = <ref name="size"/><ref name="East-West">{{Cite journal |last1=Turchin |first1=Peter |author-link=Peter Turchin |last2=Adams |first2=Jonathan M. |last3=Hall |first3=Thomas D. |date=2006 |title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires |url=http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf |journal=Journal of World-Systems Research |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=222 |access-date=2023-10-20 |archivedate=2016-05-17 |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517210851/http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf }}</ref>
| ref_area3              = <ref name="size"/>
| ref_pop1               = <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Durand |first=John D. |date=1977 |title=Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation |url=http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=psc_penn_papers |journal=Population and Development Review |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.2307/1971891 |pages=253–296|jstor=1971891 }}</ref>
}}
An '''Imperyong Romano'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolff |first=Robert Lee |author-link=Robert Lee Wolff |date=1948 |title=Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople |volume=23 |pages=1–34, especially 2–3 |journal=Speculum|issue=1 |doi=10.2307/2853672 |jstor=2853672 |s2cid=162802725 }}</ref> iyo an post-[[Roman Republic|Republican]] na estado kan [[suanoy na Roma]] asin iyo an pangkagabsan na nasasabotan tanganing mangahulogan na an peryodo asin teritoryo na pigpamayuhan kan [[Roman people|Romans]] suminunod sa asumpsyon ni [[Octavian]] kan solong pagpamayo sa irarom kan [[Prinsipato]] kaidtong 31 BC. Kabali diyan an teritoryo sa [[Europa]], [[Amihanan na Aprika]], asin [[Solnopan na Asya]], asin pigpamayuhan kan mga [[Romanong emperador|emperador]]. An [[pagbagsak kan Imperyong Solnopan na Romano]] kaidtong 476 conventionally minarkahan an katapusan kan [[classical antiquity]] asin an kapinonan kan [[Middle Ages]].

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}